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IIR document

Experimental investigation and new correlation for the bubble departure diameter of methane and ethane binary mixtures during nucleate pool boiling.

• Author(s) : LI Z., XUE H., SHEN J., ZHAO Y., GONG M.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages :
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

Numerical simulation of bubbles motion in lifting pipe of bubble pump for lithium bromide absorption chillers.

• Author(s) : GAO H., LIU B., YAN Y.
• Publication date: 2017/03/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 115

Research progress of bubble pump in refrigeration application.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIANG Y., LIU D., YE P.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 155
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental studies on the performance of multiple tubes bubble pump with R134a-TEGDME.

• Author(s) : LIU Y., TANG J., WANG S., WANG Q., CHEN G.
• Publication date: 2022/08
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 140
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance characterization of a bubble pump for vapor absorption refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : AMAN J., HENSHAW P., TING D. S. K.
• Publication date: 2018/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 85
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermo-fluidic characteristics and performance in a distribute heating bubble pump generator.

• Author(s) : YANG H., CHEN Y., WU Y., YANG F., HUANG X., XU Y., DUAN W.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 133
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of vibration parameters on the bubble absorption characteristics of working fluids R134a–DMAC in a vertical tube.

• Author(s) : WU X., LIU J., XU S., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The effect of fine bubbles on fish freshness retention.

• Author(s) : UEMA T., REDO M. A., WATANABE M.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Surface tension measurement of oil/refrigerant mixture by maximum bubble pressure method.

• Author(s) : FUKUTA M., SUMIYAMA J., MOTOZAWA M., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 73
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental research on the performance of a refrigerant generating bubble pump based on a diffusion generation process with H₂O-HCOOK-R134a.

• Author(s) : LIU Y., TANG J., WANG C., WANG S., WANG Q., CHEN G.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 142
• Formats : PDF

The particle hydrodynamic effect on the mass transfer in a buoyant CO2-bubble through the experimental and computational studies.

• Author(s) : YOON S., CHUNG J. T., KANG Y. T.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 73

IIR document

Preliminary experimental and numerical approaches for further understanding of water bubble dynamic growth at subatmospheric pressure.

• Author(s) : GIRAUD F., MANTAROPOULOS P., GRENIER N., DULUC M. C., TREMEAC B., TOBALY P.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

The Modeling of Bubble Lift-Off Diameter in Vertical Subcooled Boiling Flow.

• Author(s) : DU J., ZHAO C., BO H., REN X.
• Publication date: 2022/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - 18
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Bubble departure diameter in nucleate pool boiling at saturation: pure liquids and binary mixtures.

• Author(s) : HAMZEKHANI S., MANIAVI FALAHIEH M., AKBARI A.
• Publication date: 2014/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 46
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Preliminary study of the splashing effect due to the bursting of giant water bubbles near the triple point: application to water evaporator.

• Author(s) : GIRAUD F., MANTAROPOULOS P., TREMEAC B., TOBALY P.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Brief: Clark Bullard

Clark Bullard, President of IIR Commission B2, received the Distinguished Service Award from ASHRAE at the 2004 ASHRAE Annual Meeting on June 26-30 in Nashville, USA.

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

Quest for the eternal bubble

Two Paris-based artists, Olivier Dollinger and Jochen Dehn, are attempting to freeze a liquid bubble permanently. The bubble is to be suspended in mid-air thanks to a refined air-flow system, in a large low-temperature refrigerated display cabinet.

• Publication date : 2013/09/13

Green Buildings: King Abdullah University

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, has been selected as one of the 2010 "Top Ten Green Projects" by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) Committee on the Environment (COTE). The annual...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Fish packaging with built-in nose

PhD candidate Jenneke Heising is working on packaging with a built-in nose that tells your smartphone how fresh fish is before you buy it.

• Publication date : 2013/12/27

New process combining cryogenic freezing and MAP

Air Products Freshline® Superfresh is a new methodology which combines cryogenic freezing with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) in a specific way to extend the life and quality of food products.

• Publication date : 2015/04/19

A new energy efficiency labelling system in China.

China enforces an energy efficiency labelling system for room air conditioners and chillers.

• Publication date : 2017/01/26
• Subjects: Regulation

Briefs: Scoop: MooBella

MooBella, a US firm, has launched a high-tech vending machine using computer technology to make ice cream scratch in just 45 seconds. Customers choose from a wide range of combinations, then the ice cream is instantaneously aerated, flavoured and...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Package indicators to help increase food safety

Chromatic Technologies Inc. (CTI) has developed inks that provide reminders when a product has been out of refrigeration and temperature has started to rise.

• Publication date : 2013/10/23

European Union: New energy labelling rules

New EU energy labelling rules and efficiency requirements will apply to household equipment including refrigerators and freezers, after a committee of experts approved them on March 31, 2009. The new energy labels are based on the existing A to G...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

PCMs to keep superchilled temperatures in consumer packages

Consumer packages may be placed at +15 °C for 25-40 min longer thanks to the PCM

• Publication date : 2014/09/15

Energy efficiency and labelling systems in Asia

During a recent symposium on energy efficiency and labelling systems in Asia held in Tokyo, valuable information was given on the status of some projects: - In China, household appliance energy-efficiency labelling was first implemented with...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Air conditioning in Russian stadium for Fifa World Cup 2018

The Chinese manufacturer Midea has won the bid to provide central air conditioning systems for seven stadiums in Russia.

• Publication date : 2017/10/04

Update about mandatory energy labelling for professional refrigirators and freezers in the European Union

Professional refrigerated equipments sold since July 2016 must now be rated from A to G for energy efficiency.

• Publication date : 2017/01/17
• Subjects: Regulation

A free guide for copper pipework support and routing

The IoR published a bulletin providing guidance on pipework support methods for copper pipework designed to contain refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2017/05/22

Cooling the world’s largest supercomputers

Direct liquid cooling is a highly energy-efficient solution for cooling supercomputers capable of performing millions or billions of billions of calculations per second. Here are two examples in the United States and France.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

The new e-Bulletin

Many of you are already aware that the Bulletin of the IIR is now being provided in electronic form. The new e-Bulletin, available via Internet, contains all the information provided in the paper version of the Bulletin: abstracts of articles and...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Brief: Prof. Clark Bullard

Prof. Clark Bullard, President of the IIR's Commission B2, was awarded the UK Institute of Refrigeration (IoR) J & E Hall Gold Medal on February 9, 2005 during the IoR's prestigious 105th Anniversary Dinner held in London. This award for the...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Briefs: Prof. Clark Bullard

During the Purdue Conferences held on July 12-15, 2010, Prof. Clark Bullard of the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign received the Wilbur T. Pentzer Achievement and Leadership Award for outstanding contributions to the growth and...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

News from IIR members: Michael Bellstedt

Michael Bellstedt is taking over from Stephen White as Delegate of Australia to the IIR and Chair of the Australian National Committee for the IIR. The IIR expresses its gratitude to Stephen for his actions in favour of the IIR.

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

IIR Working Party on “Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain”

The Terms of Reference of the new IIR Working Party (WP) "Energy labelling in the cold chain" have been approved. The main objective of this WP - chaired by Prof. Giovanni Cortella, Italy, and involving Commissions D1 and D2 - is to investigate...

• Publication date : 2008/05/16

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) publishes two journals and a newsletter. This editorial focuses on the objectives of these publications that are changing fast in the case of two of them, thanks to new information technologies....

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Are you familiar with Fridoc, the IIR’s database?

Readers of the paper Bulletin (or the e-Bulletin) of the IIR are regularly informed on the latest articles and publications in all refrigeration fields, thanks to the Abstracts section. Fridoc now contains over 81 500 references to articles and...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

June 2004: fruitful meetings of the IIR’s statutory committees

Here are some highlights of the annual meetings of the IIR's statutory bodies (Management Committee, Science and Technology Council [STC] and Executive Committee): Strategic Plan of the IIR Four years after having adopted its Strategic...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Member country Saudi Arabia has become the 62nd member country of the IIR, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) is our correspondent. Welcome! Corporate members CRA-IAA,...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Corporate and private membership of the IIR

If you're already a member, you will be aware of your member benefits. If you're not, here's a glimpse: private members get a free subscription to the International Journal of Refrigeration or the Bulletin of the IIR and corporate members get...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

IIR committee meetings

The Management Committee (MC) of the IIR met in Paris on November 29, 2005. On November 28, two other meetings took place: the Publications Sub-Committee (PSC) meeting and the meeting of the representatives of the Science and Technology Council to...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Obituary: Maxime Duminil

The IIR expresses its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Maxime Duminil, who died at the age of 96. 

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

2006 was an important year for the IIR: the first phase in the updating of the Fridoc database, launching of the e-Bulletin, publication of a course, Refrigeration Fundamentals, the Red Book on frozen foods, a Bibliography on CO2, two Informatory...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

IIR Committee meetings

- The Management Committee (MC) of the IIR, chaired by H. van der Ree, met at the head office of the IIR on November 6, 2004. The MC held a large strategic debate on the future, the position of the IIR and communication to be developed,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Magnetic refrigeration: a promising technology

The IIR decided, a few years ago, to set up a Working Party on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, and has organized 4 conferences: in 2005 in Switzerland, in 2007 in Slovenia, in 2009 in the USA, in 2010 in China. We published articles in...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)