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IIR document

Performance of Linde-Hampson refrigerator operating with a zeotropic refrigerant for ultralow temperature applications.

• Author(s) : BARBADE S., VENKATARATHNAM G.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Improved water to water heat pump design for low-temperature waste heat recovery based on subcooling control.

• Author(s) : HERVÁS-BLASCO E., NAVARRO-PERIS E., BARCELÓ RUESCAS F., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 106
• Formats : PDF

Subsurface urban heat island and its effects on horizontal ground-source heat pump potential under climate change.

• Author(s) : LUO Z., ASPROUDI C.
• Publication date: 2015/11/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 90

IIR document

A 3-D FSI simulation for the performance prediction and valve dynamic analysis of a hermetic reciprocating compressor.

• Author(s) : BACAK A., PINARBASI A., DALKILIC A. S.
• Publication date: 2023/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 150
• Formats : PDF

Near isothermal steam compressor for jaggery making.

• Author(s) : RANE M. V., JHA A. M., RANE A. M.
• Publication date: 2022/07/15
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 26^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermophysical property measurements of tetrabutylphosphonium acetate (TBPAce) ionic semiclathrate hydrate as thermal energy storage medium for general air conditioning systems.

• Author(s) : ARAI Y., YAMAUCHI Y., TOKUTOMI H., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 88
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of combined alternating magnetic field and hot water shock treatment on the preservation of cucumbers.

• Author(s) : LUO N., YANG Z., ZHAO S., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study of the sublimation temperature of the dry ice in the transport of the Covid-19 vaccines.

• Author(s) : CALBA C., ASSIER J-F., GIRAUD T., CAVALIER G.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (Online). Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermosyphon performance in turfgrass green season prolongation with shallow geothermal source.

• Author(s) : ZHOU F., MA G., ZHANG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Breaking the limits of electric-powered whole-body cryotherapy.

• Author(s) : KWIATKOWSKI A., LASKOWSKI D., PAWLOWICZ P., ROGALA Z.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

HFC 404A boiling inside a 4mm horizontal smooth tube: comparison with the long-term low GWP substitutes HC290 (propane) and HC1270 (propylene).

• Author(s) : LONGO G. A., MANCIN S., RIGHETTI G., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Covering peak loads with phase change materials in a geothermal and desiccant assisted air conditioning system.

• Author(s) : RICHTER F., NIEMANN P., SCHMITZ G.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A study of ice clearness and production rate trade-offs in icemaking.

• Author(s) : MELO F. S., PALOMINO P. R., CARDOSO R. P., HERMES C. J. L.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on a loop heat pipe using different working wick materials.

• Author(s) : HTOO K. Z., HUYNH P. H., KARIYA K., MIYARA A.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Design and performance evaluation of an R744 multi-temperature refrigerated container.

• Author(s) : LAWRENCE N., ELBEL S., HRNJAK P.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Out of the ordinary: trapped cat

A cat has survived despite being trapped for at least a month in a frozen food warehouse which operates at -33°C. Frosty, as the cat has been appropriately named, had lost one ear and vets had to amputate his other ear and his tail after the...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Focus on the role of humidification and dehumidification in HVAC&R

An article recently published on the website HVAC&R online clarifies the differences between those two industries and develops their respective applications.

• Publication date : 2017/04/07

Certification for cold logistics: Cool Chain Quality Indicators

Cool Chain Quality Indicators (CCQI) is the name of the recently developed international standard for certification of the reliability, quality and proficiency of companies active in the cold logistics industry. This standard is aimed at...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Publication of an update on new refrigerants designations and safety classifications.

UN Environment and ASHRAE recently published a fact sheet to provide an update on ASHRAE Standards 34, which lists the designations of refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2017/03/17
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

CO2 applications: First hospital catering facility refrigeration system to run with CO2 in the UK

A CO2 unit supplied by Green & Cool has been installed and commissioned by CCS Refrigeration, through Aggora on behalf of Medirest to provide for the on-site catering requirements of patients, restaurant and hospital staff at the Homerton...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Ratification of the European Standard EN 378: the IoR publishes a guidance note to highlight the significant changes.

What are the main differences between the EN 378:2008 and the EN 378:2016 "Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements" ? The Institute of Refrigeration answers through a four page Guidance Note.

• Publication date : 2017/01/19
• Subjects: Regulation

Refrigeration, a key player to eradicate malaria

Refrigeration techniques have been used to develop and preserve the very first malaria vaccine, which has been administered to almost 2 million children since 2019.

• Publication date : 2024/04/25
• Subjects: Developing country

Techniques of humidification in data centres

An interesting overview of the recent improvement in data centres humidification techniques.

• Publication date : 2017/05/02
• Subjects: Regulation

RFID applications

The use of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) along the food chain is predicted to rise to € 4.3 billion by 2017. Here are some examples of RFID applications: - Metro, the world's fourth-largest retailer, is implementing RFID technology...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Briefs: certification

The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) and the China Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Industry Association (CRAA) have signed an agreement to encourage Chinese HVACR equipment manufacturers to voluntarily participate...

• Publication date : 2008/07/11

Refrigeration education!

"Eat Smart and Be Smart" is the slogan of the social marketing campaign that was launched in Barbados on July 12, 2005 by the Barbados Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO). The aim of the campaign...

• Publication date : 2005/09/30

Novel catalysts to address overheating in hypersonic aircraft

Researchers at Australia's RMIT University have developed 3D-printed catalysts to address the challenge of overheating in hypersonic aircraft and possibly other industrial...

• Publication date : 2021/10/22
• Subjects: Technology

Nanotechnology applications: Nanopackaging

Nanopackaging market worth billions Global sales of nanotechnology-related products approached 739 million € last year, and the food packaging industry could be worth as much as 22 billion €, according to a new study that provides an insight into...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

CO2 applications: Buses

Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) has installed CO2 air-conditioning systems in seven of its city buses operating on different routes in Berlin and covering 200 to 400 km per day. Germany's Federal Environment Agency has urged all public transport...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Cryogenic applications: India

India is developing semi-cryogenic propulsion technology using kerosene as a propellant to enhance its capability to launch satellites in the 6-tonne class. The technology utilizes liquid oxygen and aviation-grade kerosene instead of liquid...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

New IIR publications: Publications Catalogue 2009-2010

A new Publications Catalogue 2009-2010 has been published and will be disseminated during conferences and shows. You can also select and order books on line: www.iifiir.org

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Discover the new IIR Publications Catalogue!

Available in print and PDF version, in the IIR 2016/2017 Publications Catalogue you will find our latest and staple publications (including IIR conference proceedings), reference documents, and a list of all our Information Services.

• Publication date : 2016/06/22

Discover the new IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018

Regrouping the newest publications and works of the IIR in all fields of refrigeration, the IIR Publications Catalogue Update 2018 is now available.

• Publication date : 2018/06/28

Briefs: Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011

The Catalogue of Publications 2010-2011 is now available! Order it via iif-iir@iifiir.org or surf on www.iifiir.org to order the IIR's latest publications.

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

New IIR Informatory Note on “Qualification and Certification of Refrigeration Technicians”

The 28th IIR Informatory Note summarizes global, regional and national standards and regulations relative to the qualification and certification of refrigerating systems personnel.

• Publication date : 2015/10/07

March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+

March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Developing country

New publications

The IIR has issued 3 new publications: - the 20th Informatory Note on Refrigerating Technologies Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, written by P. Egolf - Chairman of the IIR working party dedicated to this technology - and Ronald...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

IIR publications

The IIR is preparing 4 new publications that will be available by the end of 2007: - a booklet entitled Refrigeration Drives Sustainable Development which is an update of the 2002 report Refrigeration Sector Achievements and Challenges prepared...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

UNEP publications

- Ozzy Goes Polar focuses on the effects that ozone depletion, climate change and persistent organic pollutants are exerting on polar ecosystems and communities and the ensuing consequences around the world. This animated cartoon book, prepared by...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

New IIR publication

The CD-ROM proceedings of Ammonia Refrigerating Systems, Renewal and Improvement, an IIR conference held in Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM), on May 6-8, 2005, comprise 29 papers spanning a wide range of ammonia applications. Key topics: past, present and...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

New publications: Informatory Note

The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note, RFID for Cold Chain Applications, prepared by Silvia Estrada-Flores, member of IIR Commission D2, and David Tanner, President of the IIR's Science and Technology Council. It presents an overview of the...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

New IIR publication: Proceedings

The proceedings (CD-ROM) of the IIR Compressors 2004 conference held in Casta Papiernicka, Slovakia, on September 29-October 1, 2004 contains 41 papers. It also contains 27 papers presented at the previous event in the series, Compressors 2001,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

New publications: Energy Savings

The IIR has published a new version of its guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology; the goal of this completely revised version prepared by Forbes Pearson and several IIR experts and launched during the Bali...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

New IIR publication: Compendium

The Food Research Institute of Prague and the IIR have co-published a compendium entitled "Thermophysical Properties of Food: Selected Fruits and Vegetables". This book presents a critical literature review of data on the freezing point, density,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Valuable publications: Refrigeration Fundamentals

Refrigeration Fundamentals: this IIR course deals with refrigeration fundamentals, components of refrigeration plants, the refrigerants and lubricants used, and control systems. It is an attractive and valuable teaching tool that technicians and...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids