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IIR document
Effect of gap-junctional cell-to-cell communication on intracellular ice propagation and consequent cell viability.
Injectable cryogel microcarriers for cell transplantation and growth factor delivery.
Cryopreservation of adherent cells in 96 well plates.
New protocols for primary cells and reliable results after freezing.
How long do we need to store cryopreserved cells and tissues.
Estimation of DMSO concentration for cell cryopreservation on adhesion state.
Importance of controlled ice formation for efficient cell biobanking.
Improving of cryoprotectant media for human cord blood nucleated cells cryopreservation.
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species involved in cold stress in HaCaT cells.
Effects of ice seeding temperature on intracellular freezing of cells.
Evaluation of extracellular ice formation affecting cells in suspended and attached state.
Observations of proliferation and division of frozen-thawed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using a time-lapse cinemicroscopy.
Ultra-fast vitrification experiment of hamster ovary cells utilizing thin film evaporation.
Impact of DMSO concentrations on cell death markers and viability in cryopreserved human keratinocytes.
Newly designed Tissue/cell storage bag for cryopreserved homograft by application of CO2 laser welding technique.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
351 results
Briefs: first bank of coral cells
US scientists have created the first bank of frozen coral cells, intended to preserve endangered coral species in Hawaii and protect their diversity. The bank so far contains frozen sperm and embryonic cells from mushroom coral and rice...
Cryolypolysis: removing fat cells by cooling
Cryolipolysis: Fat reduction really gets under the skin.
Fuel-cell-based system for refrigerated transport
According to researchers* from the National Renewable Energy Centre in Sarriguren, Spain, hydrogen fuel cells could offer a solution for refrigerated transport.
Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) equipped with CO2 air-conditioning systems
In most automotive air-conditioning systems, fluid, heated by the engine, is circulated through the heater to warm the passenger compartment. However, in FCVs and electric vehicles, a heat source is lacking, as they do not have an internal...
Briefs: Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) equipped with CO2 air-conditioning systems
A design for a liquid-nitrogen-powered vehicle engine could provide an alternative to batteries and fuel cells
The engine developed by Dearman Engine Company (DEC), which is driven by the pressure created as liquid nitrogen (LN2) returns to its gas form could provide a way of powering a vehicle without producing CO2 tailpipe emissions but with a longer...
Crystalline silicon solar cells efficiency
A study published in Nature Energy indicates that solar cell technology continues to develop and may rival energy produced by fossil fuels.
Cryopreservation techniques in reproductive medicine: improving cell survival after warming
A recent literature review presents the technical progress in cryopreservation techniques. The vitrification concept is presented as crucial to ensure cell survival after cryopreservation.
A new African Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain
A new African Centre of Excellence for sustainable cooling and cold chain (ACES) based in Rwanda, will help African farmers get their produce to market quickly and efficiently, thus reducing food waste, boosting...
The cooling industry awards 2004: celebrating excellence in environmentally friendlier cooling
The very first Cooling Industry Awards was organized by Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (RAC) magazine on September 15, 2004. It proved to be a success as nearly 400 RAC professionals from across the industry and major end-users were present....
Fuel cells to cool trucks
Replacing the traditional diesel-powered cooling unit, users could save approximately 10 gallons a day per unit and significantly reduce noise and pollutants emissions as fuel cells only reject heat and water.
USA: consumption of frozen meals compared to quick service restaurant meals
In the USA, people who regularly eat frozen meals consume 253 fewer calories and 2.6 less grams of saturated fat per day than people who eat fast food. Additionally, adults who eat frozen meals have higher daily intakes of important nutrients.
Global energy employment outperformed labour market in 2023
The IEA's 2024 World Energy Employment report states that employment in the energy sector increased by 3.8% in 2023, exceeding the 2.2% average for the entire economy, and is...
The FresH2 project is testing a hydrogen fuel cell to power the refrigeration unit of a semi-trailer
Bosch’s French subsidiary has developed a hydrogen fuel cell to replace the diesel power supply traditionally used to power the refrigeration unit of semi-trailers. The system is currently being tested on a...
Briefs: Scoop: MooBella
MooBella, a US firm, has launched a high-tech vending machine using computer technology to make ice cream scratch in just 45 seconds. Customers choose from a wide range of combinations, then the ice cream is instantaneously aerated, flavoured and...
IIR news
183 results
Calls for papers: ICR2007
A Call for Papers for the 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration — Refrigeration Creates the Future — was launched on June 30, 2006: abstracts are to be submitted by August 31, 2006. Authors will be informed of acceptance by November 30,...
News from IIR members: Michael Bellstedt
Michael Bellstedt is taking over from Stephen White as Delegate of Australia to the IIR and Chair of the Australian National Committee for the IIR. The IIR expresses its gratitude to Stephen for his actions in favour of the IIR.
The IIR is involved in a new project called Cool-Save
The IIR is involved in a new project called Cool-Save. This 30-month European project comprises the development and dissemination of cost-effective strategies designed to improve energy efficiency in cooling systems in the food and drink sector.
IIR Working Party on “Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain”
The Terms of Reference of the new IIR Working Party (WP) "Energy labelling in the cold chain" have been approved. The main objective of this WP - chaired by Prof. Giovanni Cortella, Italy, and involving Commissions D1 and D2 - is to investigate...
Calls for papers: Natural Working Fluids 2006: 7th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference
Natural Working Fluids 2006: 7th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference will take place on May 29-31, 2006 in Trondheim, Norway, a beautiful cathedral city on a fjord surrounded by forest-clad hills. A call for papers has been launched: the deadlines are...
7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain – Call for Abstracts Now Open!
The call for abstracts is now open for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, which is due to take place in Newcastle (UK) on April 11-13, 2022.
ICCC2022 – Call for abstracts extended!
Due to an unprecedented number of requests, the call for 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain has been extended to October 24 at 5pm BST.
Call for abstracts: IIR Compressors Conference 2020
Set to celebrate its 10th anniversary edition in the series, the IIR next Conference on Compressors and Refrigerants has launched a call for abstracts. Don't miss the deadline!
Call to Action for World Refrigeration Day
In support of this special day, and with the aim of raising awareness and boosting accessibility of the refrigeration sector from the grassroots up on an international level, the IIR is calling to all stakeholders to actively help bring the HVACR...
HFO 2023: Call for abstracts extended until September 30!
The call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs, to be hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), has been extended to September 30, 2022!
Call for nominations: Sustainable cold chains virtual exhibition
Call for nominations for sustainable cold chain technologies and approaches.
Call to Action for World Refrigeration Day 2020
In coordination with many supporting associations and companies worldwide, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is launching a Call to Action for World Refrigeration Day 2020.
LNG2023: Call for abstracts extended to October 24!
A two-week extension has now been confirmed to ensure LNG2023 does not miss hearing from some key industry voices. Don’t miss the new call for abstracts deadline of October 24, 2022!
Call for nominations: Scientific Prizes at ICR 2019
The call for nominations for the ICR 2019 Scientific Prizes has now been launched. The series of prestigious academic and scientific awards recognise those who have made outstanding contributions to the field of refrigeration or have completed...
Call for abstracts now open for the IIR Congress 2023!
To be organised under the theme "Towards efficient, controlled and smart refrigeration", the call for abstracts for the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration has been...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
14 results
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Events
4 results
Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Submit your abstract by 29 May...
Find out more
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
IIR event
1st IIR International Conference on Refrigeration Adapting to Rising Temperatures
August 10, 2025 - August 13, 2025
Manchester, United Kingdom
The International Institute of Refrigeration is proud to announce that the first IIR International Conference on Refrigeration Adapting to Rising Temperatures will take place in Manchester, UK on 10-13 August 2025.
9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
April 12, 2026 - April 14, 2026
Istanbul, Türkiye (Republic)
Submit your abstract now! The 9th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2026)...
