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EU F-Gas Regulation guidance. Information sheet 3: industrial refrigeration.

• Author(s) : Gluckman Consulting, Defra (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), Jacobs
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, Refrigerating system, Industrial application, European Union, Chemical, Petroleum, Pharmaceutical industry, HFC, GWP, F-gas (fluorinated gas), Refrigerant
• Source: gluckmanconsulting.com

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental investigation on the pull-down performance of a -80°C ultra-low temperature freezer.

• Author(s) : WANG H., SONG Y., CAO F.
• Publication date: 2020/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 119
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Industrial High Temperature Heat Pumps – Ongoing Research in the USA.

• Author(s) : AMARNATH A., VAIRAMOHAN B.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food industry, Chemical industry, Industrial application, Paper, Waste heat, Heat recovery, Design, Prototype, Low GWP, USA
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Development and Implementation of Industrial High Temperature Heat Pumps for Waste Scrubbing Process.

• Author(s) : LEE G., LEE B., CHO J., RA H. S., BAIK Y. J., WANG E. S., SHIN H. S., LEE Y. S., ROH C.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : High temperature, Heat pump, Industrial application, R245fa, Waste heat, Design, Chemical industry, Thermodynamic cycle, Expérimentation
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

Rapport national d'inventaire pour la France au titre de la Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements Climatiques et du Protocole de Kyoto.

National inventory report for France under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol.

• Author(s) : CITEPA, CAISSE DES DEPOTS, MEDDE
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Regulations, Gas, France, Energy, Chemical industry, Transport, Agriculture, Industry, HFC, Environment, Greenhouse effect, Leakage, Refrigerant, CO2, Climate

Recommended by the IIR

An estimation of the European industrial heat pump market potential

• Author(s) : MARINA A., SPOELSTRA S., ZONDAG H.A., WEMMERS A. K.
• Publication date: 2021/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Industrial application, Waste heat, Market, Energy saving, Paper, Chemical industry, Food industry, Modelling, Review, CO2 emission, Cost, Refinery, High temperature
• Source: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews - 139
• Formats : PDF, Autre

A study into the impact of chloride ions on the make-up hydrogen compressors.

• Author(s) : FOULANDIVANDA M., HEIDARY M. A.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hydrogen, Reciprocating compressor, Chloride, Industrial application, Maintenance, Fouling, Testing, Cost, Chemical
• Source: 12^th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Techno-economic analysis of steam generating heat pumps for integration into distillation processes.

• Author(s) : ARPAGAUS C., BLESS F., BERTSCH S.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : High temperature, Energy saving, Vapour, COP, Compressor, Heat pump, Cost, Industrial application, Chemical industry, Case study, Modelling, Distillation
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Single stage and cascaded organic Rankine cycles with screw expanders used for hot fluids in oil refineries and chemical plants.

• Author(s) : TANG Y.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Organic Rankine cycle, Chemical industry, Heat recovery, Refinery, Single-stage system, Cascade system, Oil
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental development and investigation of a CO₂-based air-to-air heat pump for food drying.

• Author(s) : KÆRN M. R., NIELSEN J. S., BERMAN A. M., OMMEN T. S., ELMEGAARD B., HAIDER S.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Air-air, Food industry, Chemical heat pump, Drying, Internet of Things, Expérimentation, CO2, R744
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Physicochemical characterization of phase change materials for industrial waste heat recovery applications.

• Author(s) : FERNÁNDEZ A., GONZALEZ-FERNANDEZ L., GROSU Y., LABIDI J.
• Publication date: 2022/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Waste heat, Industrial application, PCM, Corrosion, Heat recovery, Physico-chemical property, Thermal energy storage, Expérimentation, Thermal property
• Source: Energies - 15 - 10
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermochemical heat transformer for waste heat recovery: consideration of dynamic aspects for design.

• Author(s) : MICHEL B., CLAUSSE M.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Working fluid, Industrial application, Heat transformer, Heat recovery, Salt (sodium chloride), Chemical property, Modelling, Thermodynamic cycle, Waste heat
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A non-flammable low GWP refrigerant for centrifugal chillers and high temperature heat pumps: R1336mzz(Z).

• Author(s) : JUHASZ J., KONTOMARIS K. K.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Ammonia leak: in case of emergency.

• Author(s) : HARDCASTLE T., PERKS A., RAMLALL M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : English
• Source: RACA Journal - vol. 30 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

A numerical accelerated life methodology for understanding refrigerant chemical stability in HVACR systems.

• Author(s) : KUJAK S., SORENSON E.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Chemical analysis, Low GWP, Arrhenius, R22, Review, Stability, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Global fluorochemicals market

The global fluorochemicals industry was valued at USD 15.3 billion in 2011 and is expected to generate revenue of USD 21.5 billion by 2018, growing at a CAGR of 5% from 2012 to 2018.

• Publication date : 2014/04/07
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Creation of Arkema: a new global chemical player

On October 1, 2004, Total put in place a new organization for its chemical business, marked by the creation of a new unit: Arkema, a new global chemical player. Hence, the chemical division is now divided into 3 business units. - Total...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Ozone layer issues: China

China Closes Ozone Depleting Chemical Plants. On July 1, China, the world's largest producer of CFCs and halon, shut down five of its six remaining plants, putting the country two and a half years ahead of the Montreal Protocol's 2010 deadline for...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Refrigerant news: Mexichem

Mexichem intends to compete with DuPont and Honeywell in the development of a replacement refrigerant for HFC-134a in car air conditioning systems. The company, which in February 2010 bought the Ineos fluorochemicals unit, has announced...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Trends and Figures: European food industry

The average quantity of foodstuffs consumed each year by a typical European is 530 kg, 350 kg of which is either refrigerated or quick-frozen. Therefore, 172 million tonnes of foodstuffs are transported annually under controlled-temperature...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

H-fluid as an alternative to HFC-134a?

The new European Directive 2006/40 on emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles - which bans F-gases with a GWP higher than 150 (such as HFC-134a) as of 2011 for new models of cars - and Californian legislation which is putting...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

HFO-1234yf news

HFO-1234yf, developed by DuPont and Honeywell as a substitute for HFC-134a in mobile air-conditioning applications in response to EU 2006/40 Directive which bans the use of refrigerants with a GWP higher than 150 in new types of vehicles by...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Intense competition for the next-generation MAC refrigerant

Less than 3 years before the January 1, 2011 deadline for using fluorinated gases (F-gases) with a GWP higher than 150 in the new models of cars according to the European Directive 2006/40 on emissions from mobile air-conditioning (MAC) systems,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

Update on the global regulation on refrigerants

Global regulations on fluorinated gases are evolving, with new ratifications of the Kigali Amendment (including China), the updating of the GWP of certain refrigerants by the IPCC, and five European countries...

• Publication date : 2021/09/07
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

The global industrial refrigeration equipment market

The global industrial refrigeration equipment market was valued at USD 24 billion in 2015 and is expected to generate revenue of USD 36.25 billion by the end of 2021.

• Publication date : 2016/06/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference: perspectives of cryogenic technologies for 2030

Overview of future technological advances in cryogenics: liquid hydrogen electric aircrafts, cryofuels, hydrogen chemical energy conversion, fuel cells for energy storage, cryogenic rocket engine, quantum and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/27

Latin America industrial refrigeration equipment market

Latin America industrial refrigeration equipment market was valued at USD 431.8 million in 2012 and is forecast to grow at a Compound Annal Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.5% from 2013 to 2019.

• Publication date : 2014/08/04
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe

To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Refrigeration innovations for the avocado market

The booming global avocado market calls for increasing standards of quality. Refrigeration technologies offer cutting-edge solutions for fruit ripening and seed preservation for future crops.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

ICR2011 highlights: carbon capture and storage (CCS) perspectives

During ICR2011, a complete session was devoted to carbon capture and storage (CCS). Berstad et al.(1) stressed that according to IEA, out of the targeted global annual CO2 emissions reductions – 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels –, CO2 CCS from...

• Publication date : 2011/11/16
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Corporate Members: news

- Danfoss has experienced booming sales 18% growth over the first three quarters of 2007. Sales reached 2.2 billion €. Growth in China and Latin America was particularly positive and end of year sales are expected to top 3 billion €.

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Editorial by Mrs. Sylvie Lemmet

The refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) industry is remarkable for its contribution to sustainable development and indeed to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals. Preservation of perishable food and medicines has resulted in...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

CRH 2015 - China Refrigeration 2015

Continued focus on providing persistent improvement and innovation in the HVAC&R industry. Highlights included a Demonstration Pavilion for cold chain solutions, Ozone2Climate Roadshow & Roundtable, and a side-event covering EU F-gas...

• Publication date : 2015/04/15

IIR Working Group on the Cold Chain in Warm Countries appoints a new chairperson

Newly appointed chairperson, Halima Thraya, will oversee and coordinate the various efforts and projects carried out by the Working Group.

• Publication date : 2015/06/03

March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+

March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Developing country

Chillventa 2018 - Speed Networking event

The IIR working group CaRe (Careers in Refrigeration), the European Partnership for Energy and the Environment (EPEE) and the Karlsruhe university carried out the first speed networking event at Chillventa in Nuremberg on the 16th October.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18

New in our Encyclopedia. Ice cream manufacturing and its environmental impact.

A comprehensive review of the freezing process, market data and environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Double Award for Coldway Technologies, part of SOFRIGAM Group

Sofrigam won two awards at Business France's pitch competition for its energy storage device "THERMOSTORE", utilizing ammonia. Let's take a closer look at this technology. 

• Publication date : 2024/02/27

Student Competition at Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants

The organising committee of the IIR International Conference on the Application of HFO Refrigerants is delighted to announce the introduction of an award for the best paper by a student author at the 2018 event.

• Publication date : 2017/11/20

First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Dehumidification in Air Conditioning

The IIR Commission E1 Working Group (WG) on “Dehumidification in Air Conditioning”, chaired by Baolong Wang and Xu Zhang, held its first meeting during the IIR-co-sponsored Purdue conferences on July 9, 2018.

• Publication date : 2018/09/20

IIR member news: Angelantoni Group

“COLD ENERGY” is an innovative solution to improve energy efficiency both for old and new compression refrigeration systems by transferring a highly efficient automotive technology to enhance energy recovery of heat exchangers.

• Publication date : 2017/01/20

Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.

• Publication date : 2022/08/16
• Subjects: Technology

World Refrigeration Day 2021 reaches every corner of the globe!

This year, seven organisations partnered with World Refrigeration Day to bring to the limelight the exciting career opportunities in fields relying on refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2021/09/08

Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment

Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.

• Publication date : 2015/05/15

New IIR Working Groups focus on core matters in refrigeration

IIR Working Groups (WGs) operate on a temporary basis and bring together specialists to work on projects concerning current technological, social or economic issues linked to refrigeration. Their aim is to promote development, provide knowledge...

• Publication date : 2018/10/02

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers