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Evaluation of contact resistance and fin effectiveness of enhanced, brazed “dogbone” fin and serpentine tube heat exchangers for air conditioning and heat pump applications.

• Author(s) : BACELLAR D., LI S., MARTIN C., SHABTAY Y., BLACK J.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An experimental study of evaporative coolers using elliptic tubes.

• Author(s) : CHIEN L. H.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

An experimental investigation of convective boiling heat transfer using alternative and natural refrigerants inside horizontal microchannels.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., VU P. Q., CHOI K.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation of two-phase flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of ammonia in multiport minichannel.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., VU P. Q., OH J. T.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Prediction of two-phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants in minichannel multiport tubes.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., VU P. Q., OH J. T.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A study of pool boiling heat transfer on horizontal tubes in R-245fa/oil mixture.

• Author(s) : CHIEN L. H., TSAI Y. L., CHANG C. H.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Two-phase flow boiling heat transfer correlation of natural refrigerants in minichannels.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., VU P. Q., OH J. T.
• Publication date: 2020/12/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2020). Proceedings. Kyoto, Japon, December 7-9^th 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Heat transfer characteristics of R32, R410A and R1234yf during evaporation inside horizontal minichannel.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., VU P. Q., CHOI K. I., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Evaluation of single phase heat transfer characteristics inside multiport minichannel.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., CHOI K. I., OH J. T., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Boiling heat transfer characteristics of R32 in small channel.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., VU P. Q., CHOI K. I., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

A general correlation to predict the flow boiling heat transfer of R410a in macro/mini-channels.

• Author(s) : CHIEN N. B., VU P. Q., CHOI K. I., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

The 'lunar eclipse' phenomena in living nature.

• Author(s) : KORPAN N. N.
• Publication date: 2006/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Low Temperature Medicine - vol. 32 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Incubation of canine red blood cells before freezing leads to an improved saline stability and morphology after thawing when using a hydroxyethyl starch cryopreservation protocol.

• Author(s) : KIM H., ITAMOTO K., TANAKA S., et al.
• Publication date: 2005/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Low Temperature Medicine - vol. 31 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

TEMPERATURE AND COOLING RATE VARIATIONS DURING CRYOSURGICAL PROBE TESTING.

• Author(s) : AUGUSTYNOWICZ S. D., GAGE A. A.
• Publication date: 1985
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 8 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Convective evaporation on plain tube and low-fin tube banks using R123 and R134a.

• Author(s) : CHIEN L. H., WU J. S.
• Publication date: 2004
• Languages : English
• Source: ASHRAE Transactions. 2004 Winter Meeting. Volume 110, part 1 + CD-ROM.

Chinese heat pump market situation

Compared to 2013, the market value of the production volume increased by 26.2%, reaching over 7.3 billion yuans (over 1 billion euros). About 90% of that volume is being sold on the domestic market.

• Publication date : 2016/02/09
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Chinese cold Chain figures

China is the largest food-producing and consuming country worldwide. According to China Research Intelligence (SHCRI), there are actually 2000 meat factories in China, producing over 60 million tons annually. Frozen food represents 8.5 million,...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Smallest refrigerant recovery machine

Promax claims it has launched the world’s smallest refrigerant recovery machine, RG3000, said to be half the size of the company’s previous unit, with dimensions similar to those of a loaf of bread and weighing 8kg. It also features a new...

• Publication date : 2011/06/20

Thriving Chinese Gas Market

The Chinese industrial gas market has been growing at a healthy rate for some time and it is believed that China could soon become the world's third largest industrial gas market if this growth is sustainable. This is quite possible: the Chinese...

• Publication date : 2009/01/23

Thriving Chinese Gas Market

The Chinese industrial gas market has been growing at a healthy rate for some time and it is believed that China could soon become the world's third largest industrial gas market if this growth is sustainable. This is quite possible: the Chinese...

• Publication date : 2009/01/23

Chinese R-290 retrofitting project

Propane is rapidly gaining ground in China, a Multilateral-Fund (MLF) project aims at converting a compressor production line to R-290 and has successfully passed a first technical evaluation: conversion of a production line with an annual...

• Publication date : 2011/06/15

Updates on the Chinese cold chain

Currently, each year China produces over 56 million tons of meat, 8.5 million tons of frozen foods, and over 10 million tons of beverages, and 8 million tons of dairy products and 41.2 million tons of seafood.

• Publication date : 2012/05/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

First Chinese safety standard for cold stores

The codes should come into force in December this year

• Publication date : 2012/08/22
• Subjects: Regulation

US: a step closer to authorizing HCs in vending machines?

A submission by A.S. Trust & Holdings requesting SNAP approval for the use of hydrocarbon refrigerant R441A in new vending machines has been found complete by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As a result, “R441A may be sold in new...

• Publication date : 2012/10/19

Markets: Chinese AC exports to Africa are soaring

Exports of air conditioners from China to Africa grew to over 28.8 million units in the first 8 months of 2010, an increase of 51.3% over last year, according to Chinese customs figures. This growth is even greater than that of Chinese exports of...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

The Chinese cold chain logistics market is expanding fast

In recent years in China, annual demand for cold chain logistics for the food industry rose to 100 million tons and annual growth has been over 8%.

• Publication date : 2013/07/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Chinese demand for air conditioners and refrigerators will continue to grow

According to the China Refrigerant Compressor Industry Report, 2013-2016 released by Sino Market Insight, till 2016, Chinese demand for air conditioners and refrigerators will reach 124 million units and 113 million units respectively.

• Publication date : 2013/08/20
• Subjects: Figures, economy

World’s most powerful MRI machines push the limits of human imaging

Latest MRI machines, developed in the US and in France and designed to operate under ultra-high magnetic strength thanks to giant superconducting magnets, should notably allow major advances in the understanding of neurological diseases.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28

Cutting CO2 emissions thanks to ice storage: a Chinese example

Ice storage could help in minimizing the CO2 emissions of the electricity sector in China

• Publication date : 2012/03/05

France: operators will have to inform their clients regarding the CO2 impact of each transport operation

Transport accounted for 33.7% of CO2 emissions in France in 2010, making the transport sector a major emitter of greenhouse gases. However, emissions vary according to the distance and the type of transport used. In order to promote the most...

• Publication date : 2012/03/13
• Subjects: Regulation

New publications: International Dictionary of refrigeration: Chinese now!

The Chinese-English-French: Terms volume of the International Dictionary of Refrigeration was published recently. It comprises 4400 terms in Chinese along with the terms in English and French. The layout is the same as that of the basic...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE achievements!

After 3 years of hard work, the REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE consortium is pleased to announce the achievements of this European funded project to develop an EU-wide training on alternative low GPW...

• Publication date : 2020/06/29
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27

Proposal for technical and financial collaboration: Census of cold production equipment in the industrial and tertiary sectors in France (in French)

As part of its activities in industrial and commercial refrigeration, the EDF R&D TREE department is planning to carry out a study on the French stock of installed refrigeration equipment.

• Publication date : 2020/09/28

The IIR and CIHEAM closer than ever!

On June 4, 2014 M. Cosimo Lacirignola, CIHEAM’s General Secretary and Mr Didier Coulomb, Director of the IIR, signed a Memorandum of Understanding in Paris.

• Publication date : 2014/06/10

New IIR Working Groups focus on core matters in refrigeration

IIR Working Groups (WGs) operate on a temporary basis and bring together specialists to work on projects concerning current technological, social or economic issues linked to refrigeration. Their aim is to promote development, provide knowledge...

• Publication date : 2018/10/02

Conference update: Sydney

The 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids will be held in Sydney, Australia on, April 12-14, 2010. The conference will place a heavy emphasis on natural refrigerant CO2 as a real alternative solution....

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

ICCC 2018 welcomed nearly 200 participants

Hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration, the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain welcomed nearly 200 participants this month in Beijing, China.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: General information, Environment

See you at the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference in 2024

Join this co-sponsored IIR conference on heat pumps in China set to be bigger than the first!

• Publication date : 2023/06/13
• Subjects: Technology

Women in the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Industry Report

UN Environment recently published a report on the personal experiences and achievements of women working in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: General information

Member news: latest innovations from Mirai Intex

The company Mirai Intex has just marketed a refrigeration machine using air cycle for low temperatures. Mirai Intex also markets a mobile storage solution. 

• Publication date : 2022/03/29

European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations

The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050

The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.

• Publication date : 2021/10/29

HFO 2023: Call for abstracts extended until September 30!

The call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs, to be hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), has been extended to September 30, 2022!  

• Publication date : 2022/09/08
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives, Technology

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams