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Evaluation of contact resistance and fin effectiveness of enhanced, brazed “dogbone” fin and serpentine tube heat exchangers for air conditioning and heat pump applications.
IIR document
An experimental study of evaporative coolers using elliptic tubes.
An experimental investigation of convective boiling heat transfer using alternative and natural refrigerants inside horizontal microchannels.
Prediction of two-phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of refrigerants in minichannel multiport tubes.
Experimental investigation of two-phase flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of ammonia in multiport minichannel.
Two-phase flow boiling heat transfer correlation of natural refrigerants in minichannels.
Boiling heat transfer characteristics of R32 in small channel.
Incubation of canine red blood cells before freezing leads to an improved saline stability and morphology after thawing when using a hydroxyethyl starch cryopreservation protocol.
The 'lunar eclipse' phenomena in living nature.
TEMPERATURE AND COOLING RATE VARIATIONS DURING CRYOSURGICAL PROBE TESTING.
Convective evaporation on plain tube and low-fin tube banks using R123 and R134a.
An experimental study of falling film evaporation on inclined plates using R-141b and R-134a.
A study of falling film evaporation on finned tubes.
Development of heat pump clothes dryer.
A predictive model of falling film evaporation with bubble nucleation on horizontal tubes.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
488 results
Chinese heat pump market situation
Compared to 2013, the market value of the production volume increased by 26.2%, reaching over 7.3 billion yuans (over 1 billion euros). About 90% of that volume is being sold on the domestic market.
Chinese cold Chain figures
China is the largest food-producing and consuming country worldwide. According to China Research Intelligence (SHCRI), there are actually 2000 meat factories in China, producing over 60 million tons annually. Frozen food represents 8.5 million,...
Thriving Chinese Gas Market
The Chinese industrial gas market has been growing at a healthy rate for some time and it is believed that China could soon become the world's third largest industrial gas market if this growth is sustainable. This is quite possible: the Chinese...
Smallest refrigerant recovery machine
Promax claims it has launched the world’s smallest refrigerant recovery machine, RG3000, said to be half the size of the company’s previous unit, with dimensions similar to those of a loaf of bread and weighing 8kg. It also features a new...
Updates on the Chinese cold chain
Currently, each year China produces over 56 million tons of meat, 8.5 million tons of frozen foods, and over 10 million tons of beverages, and 8 million tons of dairy products and 41.2 million tons of seafood.
Chinese R-290 retrofitting project
Propane is rapidly gaining ground in China, a Multilateral-Fund (MLF) project aims at converting a compressor production line to R-290 and has successfully passed a first technical evaluation: conversion of a production line with an annual...
US: a step closer to authorizing HCs in vending machines?
A submission by A.S. Trust & Holdings requesting SNAP approval for the use of hydrocarbon refrigerant R441A in new vending machines has been found complete by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As a result, “R441A may be sold in new...
First Chinese safety standard for cold stores
The codes should come into force in December this year
The Chinese cold chain logistics market is expanding fast
In recent years in China, annual demand for cold chain logistics for the food industry rose to 100 million tons and annual growth has been over 8%.
Markets: Chinese AC exports to Africa are soaring
Exports of air conditioners from China to Africa grew to over 28.8 million units in the first 8 months of 2010, an increase of 51.3% over last year, according to Chinese customs figures. This growth is even greater than that of Chinese exports of...
Chinese demand for air conditioners and refrigerators will continue to grow
According to the China Refrigerant Compressor Industry Report, 2013-2016 released by Sino Market Insight, till 2016, Chinese demand for air conditioners and refrigerators will reach 124 million units and 113 million units respectively.
World’s most powerful MRI machines push the limits of human imaging
Latest MRI machines, developed in the US and in France and designed to operate under ultra-high magnetic strength thanks to giant superconducting magnets, should notably allow major advances in the understanding of neurological diseases.
Cutting CO2 emissions thanks to ice storage: a Chinese example
Ice storage could help in minimizing the CO2 emissions of the electricity sector in China
France: operators will have to inform their clients regarding the CO2 impact of each transport operation
Transport accounted for 33.7% of CO2 emissions in France in 2010, making the transport sector a major emitter of greenhouse gases. However, emissions vary according to the distance and the type of transport used. In order to promote the most...
IIR news
142 results
New publications: International Dictionary of refrigeration: Chinese now!
The Chinese-English-French: Terms volume of the International Dictionary of Refrigeration was published recently. It comprises 4400 terms in Chinese along with the terms in English and French. The layout is the same as that of the basic...
REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE achievements!
After 3 years of hard work, the REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE consortium is pleased to announce the achievements of this European funded project to develop an EU-wide training on alternative low GPW...
Strengthening Cooperation between the Chinese Association of Refrigeration and the IIR: Training Lecture by Prof. Xianting Li
During the 2025 Academic Conference of the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), Prof. Xianting Li, Vice President of the Science and Technology Council and President of Section E of the...
REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!
Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...
Proposal for technical and financial collaboration: Census of cold production equipment in the industrial and tertiary sectors in France (in French)
As part of its activities in industrial and commercial refrigeration, the EDF R&D TREE department is planning to carry out a study on the French stock of installed refrigeration equipment.
The 2025 Conference on Low-Emission Refrigeration and Refrigerant Substitution Held Successfully in Foshan, Guangdong
From 26 to 28 October 2025, the Conference on Low-Emission Refrigeration and Refrigerant Substitution was successfully held in Foshan, Guangdong.
The IIR and CIHEAM closer than ever!
On June 4, 2014 M. Cosimo Lacirignola, CIHEAM’s General Secretary and Mr Didier Coulomb, Director of the IIR, signed a Memorandum of Understanding in Paris.
New IIR Working Groups focus on core matters in refrigeration
IIR Working Groups (WGs) operate on a temporary basis and bring together specialists to work on projects concerning current technological, social or economic issues linked to refrigeration. Their aim is to promote development, provide knowledge...
Conference update: Sydney
The 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids will be held in Sydney, Australia on, April 12-14, 2010. The conference will place a heavy emphasis on natural refrigerant CO2 as a real alternative solution....
ICCC 2018 welcomed nearly 200 participants
Hosted by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration, the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain welcomed nearly 200 participants this month in Beijing, China.
See you at the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference in 2024
Join this co-sponsored IIR conference on heat pumps in China set to be bigger than the first!
IIR’s historical commitment to heat pump excellence and sustainable solutions
IIR is committed to supporting, informing and connecting scientists, policymakers, manufacturers and end-users of heat pump technologies through reference publications and dedicated...
Women in the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Industry Report
UN Environment recently published a report on the personal experiences and achievements of women working in the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
8 results
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Events
1 result
Other event
ICSM 2026 – International Conference on Screw Machines
September 08, 2026 - September 10, 2026
Germany
The International Conference on Screw Machines 2026 will take place from 8 to 10 September 2026 at TU Dortmund University.
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