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IIR document

Conservation frigorifique des pommes "Pilafa Delicious" dans l'air temporairement enrichi en gaz carbonique (chocs CO2).

Effect of short-term CO2 treatments on storage behaviour of "Pilafa Delicious" apples.

• Author(s) : LAMBRINOS G., MANOLOPOULOU H., MITROPOULOS D.
• Publication date: 2000/10/19
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Variety, Apple, Cold storage, Fruit, CO2 shock
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE AND POLYETHYLENE BAG PACKING OF AVOCADOS.

• Author(s) : EKSTEEN G. J., TRUTER A. B.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Rot, Controlled atmosphere, Mould, Chilling, Avocado, Packaging, CO2, CO2 shock
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Shock waves in supersonic two-phase flow of CO2 in converging-diverging nozzles.

• Author(s) : BERANA M. S., NAKAGAWA M., HARADA A.
• Publication date: 2009/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, Refrigerating system, Ejector system, Nozzle, Probe, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: HVAC&R Research - vol. 15 - n. 6

Shock waves in supersonic two-phase flow of CO2 in converging-diverging nozzles.

• Author(s) : NAKAGAWA M., BERANA M. S., HARADA A.
• Publication date: 2008/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, Thermodynamics, Calculation, Nozzle, Wave, Expérimentation, CO2
• Source: 2008 Purdue Conferences. 19th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue & 12th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue [CD-ROM].
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Anthocyanins, flavonols and hydroxicinnamic acids changes during cold storage and high CO2 levels on sweet cherry.

• Author(s) : TUDELA J. A., ARTÉS F., TOMÁS-BARBERÁN F. A.
• Publication date: 2000/10/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Controlled atmosphere, Cherry, Quality, Flavour, Cold storage, Colour, Fruit, Organic acid, CO2 shock
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simulation of shock waves in supersonic flow of CO2 through a converging-diverging nozzle of transcritical ejector refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : SERRANO BERANA M., NAKAGAWA M.
• Publication date: 2012/06/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Two-phase flow, Refrigerating system, Nozzle, R744, Simulation, Ejector, Transcritical cycle, CO2
• Source: 10^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2012). Proceedings. Delft, The Netherlands, June 25-27, 2012.
• Formats : PDF

Briefs: Swiss supermarket chain COOP chooses CO2

COOP has implemented CO2 as refrigerant of choice for low-and medium-temperature applications and aims at becoming CO2 neutral by 2023. The first supermarket has been equipped with a CO2 booster system engineered by Frigo-Consulting AG. A central...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration chooses CO2 to cool down a beer warehouse

Star Refrigeration, collective member of the IIR, recently published a case study about a CO2 solution used to cool down a beer warehouse.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

Volkswagen chooses CO2 as future refrigerant for air conditioning systems

Following up on the announcement of its environmental goals, the Volkswagen Group chooses CO2 as the future refrigerant for its air conditioning systems.

• Publication date : 2015/04/17

France: first refrigerated barge transport

In France, an unprecedented combined waterways-road controlled temperature transportation route will carry chocolates to suburban Paris

• Publication date : 2012/02/28

CFC banks release larger emissions than expected

The leaks of CFC11 and CFC12 stored up in banks, if left unchecked, would delay the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole by 6 years and add 9 billion metric tons of CO2eq to the...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

The first LNG freight locomotive in the Baltics

An Estonian company is testing the first LNG-powered locomotive in the Baltic countries. Significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are expected.

• Publication date : 2021/08/23
• Subjects: Technology

Rail refrigerated transport: two case studies in Europe

While the Rungis fruits and vegetable train in France is experiencing serious difficulties, the new CoolRail rail line linking Spain to the Netherlands offers promising prospects.

• Publication date : 2019/06/28

Energy efficiency comparison of air-conditioning systems in electric vehicles

A study compares the energy efficiency of conventional refrigeration systems with that of heat pumps in mobile air conditioning. R744, R134a and R1234yf are considered. Reversible heat pumps are found the most energy-efficient systems.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28

Refrigerated containers: state of play and perspectives

Refrigerated containers play an essential role in the maritime refrigerated transport sector; a look back at the stages of their development and the recent and future technological advances of this...

• Publication date : 2024/02/26
• Subjects: Technology

Food cold chain: improving temperature control to reduce loss

Recent review articles provide an update on technologies to monitor temperature in the food cold chain, in order to avoid food loss during transport and...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology

Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024

A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).

• Publication date : 2024/10/07

Add the latest refrigeration publications to your bookshelf!

Check out the latest IIR publications including CO2 as a Refrigerant, Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems and the 1st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016).

• Publication date : 2016/09/06

Gustav Lorentzen conference 2022

After two years of pandemic during which the conferences were either cancelled or held online, the IIR had the pleasure of organising a conference on site, in Norway. It was attended by 332 participants. The...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants

Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.

• Publication date : 2015/06/23

IIR website: best downloads in 2022

Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/24
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

New design for the IJR but still quality papers!

As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...

• Publication date : 2019/11/20

Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips

The IIR enhances its market research resources

• Publication date : 2015/05/27

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG