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Summary of National Cooling Action Plans (NCAPs)

• Author(s) : UNDP
• Publication date: 2023/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CO2 emission, HFC, Air conditioning, Energy consumption, Energy saving, Household refrigerator, Cold chain, Standard, Bangladesh, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Panama, Sri lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Refrigeration
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The new production of household refrigerators in Cuba: an energy efficient and ecologically friendly option.

• Author(s) : VALLEDOR TRISTÁ R.
• Publication date: 2002/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Manufacture, Household refrigerator, Hydrocarbon, Environment, Cuba, Refrigerant
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The new production of household refrigerators in Cuba: an energy efficient and ecological friendly option.

• Author(s) : VALLEDOR R. T.
• Publication date: 1999/09/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Manufacturer, Manufacture, Design, Household refrigerator, Cuba
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The correct use of ammonia in tropical countries.

• Author(s) : BROSSARD-PEREZ F., REMEDIOS H.
• Publication date: 1996/09/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ammonia, Developing country, Refrigerating plant, Cuba, Refrigerant
• Source: Applications for Natural Refrigerants
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cuban experiences with hydrocarbon refrigerants.

• Author(s) : QUINTERO R., GUILLEN R.
• Publication date: 2012/06/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : TEWI, Air conditioner, Household refrigerator, Propane, Hydrocarbon, Cuba, COP, Refrigerant
• Source: 10^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids (GL2012). Proceedings. Delft, The Netherlands, June 25-27, 2012.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

OVERSEAS TRANSPORTATION OF VALENCIA ORANGES USING FORCED VENTILATION ON ROLL-ON ROLL-OFF SHIPS FROM CUBA.

• Author(s) : FERNANDEZ DEL RIO F.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

EQUIPMENT SELECTION OF SMALL REFRIGERATING CHAMBERS IN TROPICAL CONDITIONS.

• Author(s) : REMEDIOS CARBAJALES H., DEIROS FRAGA B.
• Publication date: 1990/09/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold room, Calculation, Optimization, Modelling, Refrigerating plant, Cuba, Hot climate
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

THE APPLICATION OF MICRO-ELECTRONICS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

• Author(s) : CARBAJALES H. R., DIAZ ALONZO P.
• Publication date: 1984/09/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Training, Automation, Profitability, Information technology, Cold store, Cuba, Air conditioning, Hot climate
• Source: Advances in refrigeration and heat pump technology achieved by the application of micro-electronics and the control of systems by micro-electronic devices.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

ADVANTAGES OF EVAPORATIVE CONDENSERS WITH PRECOOLING, FINNED TUBES AND PACKING IN AUTOMATIC INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATING INSTALLATIONS.

• Author(s) : IGLESIAS RUIZ M., DIAZ ALONSO P. E., REMEDIOS CARBAJALES H.
• Publication date: 1984/09/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Finned tube, Ammonia, Performance, Energy saving, Cuba, Evaporative condenser, Condenser, Condensation, Water, Hot climate
• Source: Advances in refrigeration and heat pump technology achieved by the application of micro-electronics and the control of systems by micro-electronic devices.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

SEAFOOD FREEZING IN CUBAN TROPICAL CONDITIONS.

• Author(s) : MARTORELL M. T., LOPEZ E. V., RODRÍGUEZ R.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

RESEARCH ON SOME MODERN WAYS OF CONSTRUCTING AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS FOR CUBAN CONDITIONS.

• Author(s) : REMEDIOS CARBAJALES H., ALONSO GONZALEZ J. A.
• Publication date: 1983/08/07
• Languages : English
• Source: [Refrigeration serving humanity]. Proceedings of the XVI^th international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

2015 HCFC consumption in Cuba

The government of Cuba reported a consumption of 13.17 Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) tonnes of HCFC in 2015.

• Publication date : 2016/12/09

Cuban plant to destroy substances depleting the ozone layer

Cuba will be the first country in Latin America to open a plant meant to destroy CFCs.

• Publication date : 2014/12/03

Cuban plans for HCFC phase-out

Over 130 tons or R12 and R22 stored in Cuba will be destroyed thanks to the establishment of a refrigerant treatment plant in the second half of 2012. Located at Sibanicu Cement Factory in Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, the plant is to use Japanese...

• Publication date : 2012/02/14

Food invention: frozen tea cubes

Iceland Food has expressed interest in a student prize-winning invention: frozen fruit tea cubes.

• Publication date : 2013/09/12

Ice cube?

A giant ice cube has appeared in Minneapolis and isn't going to melt. Described by its Swiss architect, Jacques Herzog, as "A big ice cube for Ice City," the cube is in fact an extension to the Walker Art Center. The icy appearance of the recently...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Briefs: Ice cubes at over 10°C

Ice slurries are well known for their capacity to transport heat within confined systems. Cemagref is currently working on a new type of two-phase secondary refrigerant: a gas-hydrate slurry which could pave the way for applications in the...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Assisting developing countries in setting national plans for sustainable cooling

With over a billion people at risk due to a lack of access to cooling, a UNEP-led working group has published a methodology to help countries develop National Cooling Action Plans (NCAPs).

• Publication date : 2021/10/11
• Subjects: Regulation, Developing country

Saving lives using solar refrigerators

The SolarChill project is providing an environmentally friendly means of refrigerating vaccines and certain drugs. The aim is to replace the 100 000 kerosene refrigerators in use today: these refrigerators emit unpleasant fumes, can catch fire and...

• Publication date : 2005/10/26

ICR2019: focus on innovative refrigeration technologies for developing countries

Several papers presented during the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration in August 2019 addressed advances in the refrigeration technologies that are particularly adapted to hot countries with limited electricity supply: solar...

• Publication date : 2019/11/29
• Subjects: Developing country

Global LNG trade figures for 2023 and early 2024

Global LNG trade grew by 2.1% between 2022 and 2023, connecting 20 exporting with 51 importing markets.

• Publication date : 2024/08/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Legionnaires’ disease

Two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease are in the news: - Thirteen deaths have occurred among 85 patients who contracted Legionnaires' disease in the northern French prefecture of Pas-de-Calais. The main cause of the outbreak is a cooling tower at...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications

An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...

• Publication date : 2021/01/27

Pharmaceutical cold chain logistics in Fujian province of China

According to the Department of Commerce of Fujian Province, current sales of refrigerated medicines in Fujian have exceeded RMB 8 billion (USD 1.2 billion), accounting for 25% of overall drug sales.

• Publication date : 2016/07/12

Global cold storage capacity in 2014

The IARW report shows that the total capacity of refrigerated warehouses was estimated at 552 million cubic meters worldwide in 2014, an increase of 92 million cubic meters (20%) since 2012.

• Publication date : 2015/01/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

World’s first temperature controlled city to be built in Dubai

United Arab Emirates’ vice president and prime minister, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid has announced the world’s first temperature controlled city to be constructed in Dubai.

• Publication date : 2014/09/26

News from IIR members: Freezcube

FreezCube, developed by Playcube, corporate member of the IIR based in France, has been awarded the Gold Medal at Concours Lépine 2010. FreezCube is a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

New IIR members

The IIR welcomes the following new members: Corporate members BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany Prodal, Ciudad la Habana, Cuba Private members Mr Titus Bartholomeus, The Netherlands Mrs Susana Ferreira de Pablo, Spain Mr Stephen Gill,...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

First meeting of the IIR Working Group on Refrigeration Safety

During the Gustav Lorentzen conference in Valencia (Spain), the IIR Working Group “Refrigeration Safety”, chaired by Alexander Cohr Pachai, held its first meeting.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids