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IIR document
Improvement of the wet steam ejector performance in a refrigeration cycle via changing the ejector geometry by a novel EEC (Entropy generation, Entrainment ratio, and Coefficient of performance) method.
Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a novel solar-assisted vapor injection ejector-enhanced cycle for building heating.
Transient thermal management of vapor cycles to simulate aircraft electrical environment control systems.
Thermal performance of three-wheel and split-wheel air cycle systems for a civil aircraft environmental control system (ECS).
Procédés de congélation, de surgélation et procédés émergents : vers une évolution de la règlementation?
Freezing, deep-freezing and innovative processes: towards regulatory progress?
Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 relating to emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/156/EEC./ Directive 2006/40/CE du Parlement Européen et du Conseil du 17 mai 2006 concernant les émissions provenant des systèmes de climatisation des véhicules à moteur et modifiant la Directive 70/156/CEE du Conseil.
Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 relating to emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/156/EEC.
Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 relating to emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles and amending Council Directive 70/156/EEC./ Directive 2006/40/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 17 mai 2006 concernant les émissions provenant des systèmes de climatisation des véhicules à moteur et modifiant la Directive 70/156/CEE du Conseil.
MATERIAL HANDLING OF MEAT IN A PUBLIC COLD STORE IN THE NETHERLANDS.
THE OZONE ISSUE IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY: PAST AND PRESENT GUIDELINES -THE FUTURE OUTLOOK.
THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES' CODE OF GOOD PRACTICE FOR THE REDUCTION OF EMMISSIONS OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS R11 AND R12 IN REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING APPLICATIONS.
THE IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE CONTROL LEGISLATION FOR FISH AND FISHERY PRODUCTS.
EUROPEAN RESEARCH COLLABORATION IN THE FIELD OF FOOD CHILLING: A PART OF THE COST 91 BIS PROJECT.
Commission decision of July 4, 2005 on the procedure for attesting the conformity of construction products pursuant to Article 20(2) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC as regards cold storage building kits and cold storage building envelope kits./ Décision de la commission du 4 juillet 2005 relative à la procédure d'attestation de conformité des produits de construction, conformément à l'article 20, paragraphe 2, de la directive 89/106/CEE du Conseil, en ce qui concerne les chambres froides en kit et les enveloppes de chambres froides en kit.
Commission decision of July 4, 2005 on the procedure for attesting the conformity of construction products pursuant to Article 20(2) of Council Directive 89/106/EEC as regards cold storage building kits and cold storage building envelope kits.
COLD CHAINS IN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE. FUTURE SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF COLD CHAIN SERVICES.
NOUVEAUX DEVELOPPEMENTS DANS LES TRANSPORTS A TEMPERATURE DIRIGEE ROUTIERS.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN REFRIGERATED ROAD TRANSPORT.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1321 results
Quebec arenas refrigeration system upgrade project.
The Ministère de l'Education, du Loisir et du Sport from Québec involves in upgrading arenas refrigeration systems.
China overtook the US to become the world's biggest energy consumer in 2010
A report recently released by BP said China overtook the United States to become the world's biggest energy consumer in 2010. BP, in its 60th annual Statistical Review of World Energy, said China accounted for 20.3% of demand, compared with...
World LNG Report 2025: LNG trade continues to grow, requiring increased global decarbonisation efforts
According to the IGU, global LNG trade grew by 2.4% in 2024, connecting 22 exporting with 48 importing markets. With increasing global regulatory focus on methane emissions, particularly from the EU, Japan, and...
Ice cream global trade 2024: Thailand becomes top Asian exporter; EU production grows
In a ranking dominated by Europe, Thailand becomes the 9th largest exporter of ice cream in volume, 11th in value, according to latest data from the United Nations Comtrade...
Cooling system for spacecraft entering the Martian atmosphere.
A team of scientists has designed a cooling system to avoid severe aerodynamic heating when spacecraft enter the Martian atmosphere.
Innovative system to cool spacecraft on long missions
An innovative cooling system developed by a team of mechanical engineers has proven successful in testing aboard the International Space Station.
Coolant leak delays return of Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft
NASA and the Russian Space Agency Roscosmos are working jointly in response to the coolant leak that occurred on the Soyuz MS-22 in December.
Air conditioning: which refrigerant will become the leading alternative to R410A?
R32 is being adopted widely for residential and small commercial air conditioning applications, but R466A, R452B and R454B are promising candidates, especially for larger size systems.
Heat from Scottish water could save € 300 million
Using heat pumps in the rivers and lochs of Scotland could save businesses in the country around € 300 million annually on bills.
Europe 2025 heatwaves: demand for AC surges as heat-related deaths triple
Recent analyses from the World Meteorological Organization, the World Resources Institute and the Imperial College London take stock of this summer’s heatwaves in Europe.
Lighting systems for cold stores
Various types of lighting exist for below 0°C temperature cold stores including mercury vapor (MV) lamps, high pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting diodes (LED).
Two-phase ejectors: a high potential for energy savings
Two review papers recently published in the IJR highlight ejectors as a promising solution to dramatically improve the efficiency of vapour compression refrigeration systems and outline the challenges that...
Daimler decides not to switch to R1234yf
After having examined real-life scenarios conducted using R1234yf, Daimler, the manufacturer of Mercedes-Benz cars, has announced its intention to stick to R134a instead of implementing R1234yf in its automobile air-conditioning systems.
Publication of EU eco-design regulations for commercial refrigeration appliances
The Ecodesign regulations setting energy efficiency requirements for commercial appliances will apply in all 28 EU member states from March 2021.
Kigali agreement decisions and consequences.
What are the main aspects of the Kigali HFC Amendment?
IIR news
526 results
CLIM’ECO in Guadeloupe
Focus on the CLIM’ECO workshop that took place in Guadeloupe in January 2022.
CLIM’ECO workshop in Guadeloupe
For the third time, the IIR, the Guadeloupe Union of Refrigeration Installers (SYGIF) and GazDom Guadeloupe organised the CLIM’ECO program awareness workshop.
The CLIM’ECO programme kicks off
Supported by the French government and as part of the energy saving certificates scheme, the CLIM'ECO programme aims to reduce and optimise the energy consumption of air conditioning in the French Overseas Departments.
Awareness campaign on the CLIM'ECO programme in Guadeloupe
The IIR, partner and ambassador of the CLIM'ECO program, has undertaken a mission of sensitisation in Guadeloupe as part of the programme.
CLIM'ECO workshop in Guadeloupe with skipper Victor Jost
CLIM'ECO ambassador and Route du Rhum skipper Victor Jost arrived in Guadeloupe on 28th November. The next day, a CLIM'ECO workshop was organised by the SIGF (Guadeloupean refrigeration workers'...
CryoHub: EU project CryoHub is inviting cold chain companies to become ‘CryoHub Champions’
The CryoHub innovation project investigates and extends the potential of large-scale Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) and applies the stored energy for both cooling and power generation.
Clim'Eco: the IIR is a partner of this new program, which began this year in Réunion.
This program aims to promote a reasonable use and good maintenance of air conditioning in the French overseas departments.
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Become a partner of the IIR Congress 2023
Sponsorship opportunities are now available! Don’t miss your chance to support the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration 2023.
Become a member of the IIR to stay up-to-date!
Access, join, engage! The world of refrigeration is changing rapidly and must continue to accelerate its adaptation to the challenges of climate change. Join the IIR and become a part of an international...
Join our training course and officially become a new Ambassador for clean cooling and heating!
Experts and representatives from three sister projects in different regions of the world: ENOUGH in Europe, INDEE+ in India and ACES in Africa are arranging a free one-hour training course on clean cooling and...
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
A New Era: Dr Yosr Allouche to become the first woman to head the International Institute of Refrigeration
A new chapter has begun for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) with the triumphant election of Dr Yosr Allouche (39) as the first woman to hold the prestigious position of Director...
Past events: The IIR around the world, December 2022
IIR's participation in MOP 34 and the SIFA fair in Lyon.
ENOUGH Project: Joint Statement on Food Waste Reduction
The ENOUGH project has joined efforts to call for rigorous food waste reduction measures in Europe.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
14 results
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
André Lebon
André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid
Events
4 results
Sponsored event
28th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue
July 12, 2026 - July 16, 2026
West Lafayette, IN, United States
A conference co-sponsored by the IIR Since 1972, Herrick Labs has hosted the premier international conferences on Compressor Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, and...
Find out more
IIR event
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Other event
2026 Cryogenic Microscopy & Spectroscopy Workshop
March 23, 2026 - March 26, 2026
Brno, Czech (Republic)
Fostering cross‐disciplinary collaboration & innovation in cryogenics, electron microscopy, and spectroscopy.
