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Combined “Renewable Energy–Thermal Energy Storage (RE–TES)” systems: a review.
Operation of cool thermal energy storage to increase renewable energy utilization.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Renewable energy today - A quick overview. 51st Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies.
Renewables 2018 global status report. A comprehensive annual overview of the state of renewable energy.
Building energy efficiency assessment of renewable and cogeneration energy efficiency technologies for the Canadian high arctic.
Prospects of powering a refrigerated warehouse with renewable energy.
Multi-energy systems as enablers of the flexible energy transition.
Performance of a Mid-Size Net-Zero Energy Solar House.
Integrating renewable energy systems in buildings.
IIR document
Renewable energy technologies in air conditioning: State of the art and perspectives.
Modelling the energy production of a Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) system.
A review on green cooling: exploring the benefits of sustainable energy-powered district cooling with thermal energy storage.
Review of Battery Energy Storage Systems Modeling in Microgrids with Renewables Considering Battery Degradation.
1st International Refrigeration, Energy and Environment Colloquium. Proceedings: Hammamet, Tunisia, March 24-27, 2016.
Study on Energy Efficiency of an Off-Grid Vending Machine with Compact Heat Exchangers and Low GWP Refrigerant Powered by Solar Energy.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1346 results
World Energy Employment 2025: Skilled workers are needed to meet growing demand for energy jobs
According to IEA's 2025 World Energy Employment report, employment in the energy sector increased by 2.2% in 2024, exceeding the 1.3% average for the entire economy. With the growing employment demand in the...
Energy savings: Japan: significant improvement of the energy efficiency of refrigerators
According to JARN, the energy efficiency of refrigerators in Japan has been continuously improved: their power consumption has been reduced to 1/5th of that 10 years ago. This is in part due to the development of vacuum heat insulators, which are...
Renewable energy supplied an estimated 16% of global final energy consumption in 2010
According to the Renewables 2011 Global Status Report, in 2010, rRenewable energy supplied an estimated 16% of global final energy consumption and delivered close to 20% of global electricity.
Energy savings: Case study on a cool way to cut energy consumption in the UK food industry
A collaborative research and development project led by a mechanical engineering team from Brunel University, UK, found that supermarkets and food processing plants could cut their energy costs by over 30% and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by...
Women4Energy Conference, 2 December 2015, Stuttgart, Germany
The Women4Energy International Conference with the focus on Smart Cities takes place in Stuttgart, Germany, inviting women in science and women in industry to increase their network, learn about energy challenges and trends in order to elaborate...
Storing energy thanks to cryocooled air
A new type of energy-storage process that can operate on a large scale.
Benefits of thermal energy storage
The use of thermal storage, coupled to a refrigeration unit, allows the user to reduce the cooling capacity of installed units, to lower operating costs and electric bills, to increase plant reliability and to provide an effective solution for...
Unassuming energy saving device
The eCube energy saving device is designed to reduce energy consumption by at least 25%. It takes into account product temperatures instead of fluctuating air temperatures in refrigerators, freezes, chillers, coolers, dispensers and cold rooms. It...
Energy storage thanks to refrigeration
Electrical energy is notoriously difficult to store, especially on a large scale and this can be particularly problematical when dealing with irregular sources such as wind power for which there can be a great mismatch between energy supply and...
ASERCOM Energy Efficiency Award 2004
The ASERCOM Energy Efficiency Award is designed to recognize the most valuable concept of innovation in the improvement of energy efficiency in a vapour-compression cycle applied to a refrigeration/air-conditioning/heat pump system. This award is...
Energy savings in display cabinets
Several new developments make it possible to save energy in display cabinets. - Optimizing air curtain velocity A team at the Air Curtain Research Laboratory at Kettering University in Michigan, US, has modellized the air flow in air curtains and...
Briefs: Energy-saving Maersk reefers
Thanks to QUEST (Quality and Energy efficiency in Storage and Transport) software providing a new temperature-control regime based on commodity instead of air temperature, Maersk estimates that the energy consumption used to cool its reefers will...
European Union: New energy labelling rules
New EU energy labelling rules and efficiency requirements will apply to household equipment including refrigerators and freezers, after a committee of experts approved them on March 31, 2009. The new energy labels are based on the existing A to G...
EU Directive 2012/27 on energy efficiency.
On October 25, 2012, the European Union adopted the Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. This Directive establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion of energy efficiency within the EU.
ASHRAE Publishes 2004 Residential Energy Standard
By reducing the number of tables needed to apply the envelope provisions and simplifying their application, ASHRAE's residential energy standard now contains only the essential information necessary to design and enforce energy conservation...
IIR news
606 results
New publications: Energy Savings
The IIR has published a new version of its guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology; the goal of this completely revised version prepared by Forbes Pearson and several IIR experts and launched during the Bali...
Call for abstracts ends October 10: LNG2023, “Fuelling a Secure Energy Future”
LNG2023 is the largest and most significant global LNG industry conference and exhibition, occurring once every three years!
IIR Working Party on “Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain”
The Terms of Reference of the new IIR Working Party (WP) "Energy labelling in the cold chain" have been approved. The main objective of this WP - chaired by Prof. Giovanni Cortella, Italy, and involving Commissions D1 and D2 - is to investigate...
Cooling Without Warming: Energy-Efficient Heat Pumps and Air Conditioning
As Europe accelerates its transition toward a climate-neutral economy, the role of heating and cooling technologies has become central to achieving the objectives of the European Green Deal and...
New IIR publications: Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology
The French version of the IIR guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology will be published in November 2009; the goal of this guide is to provide practical ways of minimizing the energy consumption of...
Member news: Efficient Energy has been rewarded for its remarkable growth over the last 4 years
Energy Efficient, an IIR corporate member, ranked third in the latest Deloitte Technology Fast 50 in Germany. This ranking rewards companies based on the percentage increase in their revenue over the last four...
News from IIR members: Alfa Laval wins € 6 million energy efficiency order in Kazakhstan
Alfa Laval – a world leader in heat transfer, centrifugal separation and fluid handling – recently won an order to supply Alfa Laval Packinox heat exchangers to a refinery in Kazakhstan.
Dr. Yunho Hwang and team earn 3rd place in Vicinity Energy-MEIA Ideation Program for heat pump innovation
Former president of IIR Commission B1, and research professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Energy...
J&E Hall International Gold Medal awarded to Pr. Judith Evans for her exceptional contribution to energy and carbon reduction in the food cold chain
Professor Judith Evans, UK delegate to IIR and president of IIR section C, is this year’s recipient of the prestigious J&E Hall International Gold Medal.
IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration
Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...
Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna
Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...
New Working Group: Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)
IIR and UNEP-led Cool Coalition are excited to announce the formation of a new working group titled "Cooling and Refrigeration Emissions and Energy Data Working Group (CREED)"
IIR Informatory Note highlights global air conditioning's CO2 emissions and energy impact
The IIR has modelled current and future CO2 emissions attributable to air conditioning in different regions of the world.
IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials
Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...
New IIR Informatory Note on Renewable Energy
The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that renewable energy sources can be considered practically inexhaustible and are currently the only solution for an ecological transition to clean...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
13 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Events
8 results
IIR event
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
Register...
Find out more
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
Other event
15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
September 13, 2027 - September 15, 2027
London, United Kingdom
On September 13-15, 2027, the 15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems of City University of London will provide a forum for debate on developments in air, gas and refrigeration...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Currently accepting full papers! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for...
Sponsored event
2026 China International Heat Pump Conference
October 13, 2026 - October 17, 2026
Shanghai, China
Following the resounding success of the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference (CHPC 2024) in Shenzhen, which gathered over 850 experts and delegates from 33 countries & regions, the upcoming 3rd CHPC in 2026 is poised to further expand its global...
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
