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Advances in cryogenic fracturing of coalbed methane reservoirs with LN2.

• Author(s) : LONGINOS S. N., WANG L., HAZLETT R.
• Publication date: 2022/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 24
• Formats : PDF

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of a fan failure caused by vibration.

• Author(s) : ZHOU Q., HANG Y., FENG J., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/07/20
• Languages : English
• Source: 8th international conference on compressors and refrigeration, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Systematic Methods to Increase the Lifetime of Mechanical Products Such as Refrigerators by Employing Parametric Accelerated Life Testing.

• Author(s) : WOO S., O'NEAL D. L., HASSEN Y. M.
• Publication date: 2022/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Sciences - vol. 12 - n. 15
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Fatigue strength properties of SS304 at cryogenic temperatures.

• Author(s) : MAHISHI C., AKBER K., NADIG D. S.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2023. Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

Effects of cryoprotectant on thermal expansion of articular cartilage during freezing process.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : YU H., LI D., XU Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 158
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The effects of ice crystal on water properties and protein stability of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea).

• Author(s) : TAN M., YE J., CHU Y., XIE J.
• Publication date: 2021/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 130
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

3D evaluation of thermal stresses on ceramic-metal composites used at high temperature operation.

• Author(s) : KIM J. W., KIM N. K., STENFELT S., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical and experimental investigations on the failure mechanism of the suction valve in the refrigerator compressor under unconventional conditions.

• Author(s) : YIN X., FANG J., CAO F., CHEN Z., WANG X.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

Flap-X: development of a new compressor reed valve material.

• Author(s) : LOF A., MILLWARD C., NAWAZ A.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 23^rd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

A Systematic Review of the Design and Heat Transfer Performance of Enhanced Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems.

• Author(s) : BUDIONO A., SUYITNO S., ROSYADI I., FAISHAL A., ILYAS A. X.
• Publication date: 2022/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of cooling rate and super-chilling temperature on ice crystal characteristic, cell structure, and physicochemical quality of super-chilled fresh-cut celery.

• Author(s) : XU C. C., LIU D. K., GUO C. X., WU Y. Q.
• Publication date: 2020/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 113
• Formats : PDF

Effect of dimethylpolysiloxane liquid on the cryogenic tensile strength and thermal contraction behavior of epoxy resins.

• Author(s) : YI J. W., LEE Y. J., LEE S. B., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 61

IIR document

Transient pool boiling heat transfer of cryogenic liquid on insulated steel.

• Author(s) : NGUYEN L-D., KIM M., HAN Y., DO K. H.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2023. Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

A study on cryoprotectant solution suitable for vitrification of rat two-cell stage embryos.

• Author(s) : ETO T., TAKAHASHI R., KAMISAKO T., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 68 - n. 1

Fracture formation in vitrified thin films of cryoprotectants.

• Author(s) : RABIN Y., STEIF P. S., HESS K. C., et al.
• Publication date: 2006/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitrification, Imaging, Fracture, Cryoprotectant, DMSO, Film, Expérimentation
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 53 - n. 1

Australia: manufacturers maintain R32 is safe

Australian’s Air-conditioning manufacturer’s groups have hit back at suggestions that R32 is extremely flammable and highly toxic.

• Publication date : 2014/10/14

Ambient beer cooler cuts energy bills

A new ambient beer cooler, using free cooling when available, could save 40% of energy costs.

• Publication date : 2015/03/18

LNG-fuelled coaches with over 1000 km autonomy

Spanish bus manufacturer, Irizar, has launched a line of LNG coaches, promising a range of more than 1000 kilometres, along with reduced CO2 emissions.

• Publication date : 2021/10/18
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

MAC: industrialization of the first CO2 compressors

The automotive component manufacturer Sanden confirmed that it was supplying the German car manufacturer Daimler with CO2 compressors for their mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems.

• Publication date : 2017/12/19

Foam blowing agents: use of R1233zd(E) is expanding

Honeywell announced that TCL, one of China’s largest appliance manufacturers, selected HFO1233zd(E) as foam blowing agent in its domestic refrigerators.

• Publication date : 2017/12/18

An innovative ripening room inside a container.

Dutch manufacturer Interko has launched an innovative fruit ripening room inside of a standard refrigerated container.

• Publication date : 2021/06/07
• Subjects: Technology

300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a seized in Hangzhou

US refrigerant manufacturer DuPont has announced the seizure of 300 cylinders of counterfeit R134a in Hangzhou province, China.

• Publication date : 2013/11/13

AHRI releases latest US heating and cooling equipment shipment data

AHRI provides monthly data on heating and cooling equipment shipped by US manufacturers in the US market.  

• Publication date : 2021/12/16
• Subjects: Figures, economy

New standards for “intelligent” ACs implemented in China

China implements new standard to officially define and set technological requirements for intelligent ACs. Additionally, a Chinese air-conditioning manufacturer is the first company in China to achieve a global...

• Publication date : 2020/06/26
• Subjects: Regulation

Development of a prototype of Secondary loop Mobile Air Conditioning System

Tata Motor, an Indian car manufacturer, recently signed a partnership with the German automotive supplier Mahle to design and develop a Secondary Loop Mobile Air Conditioning System (SL-MAC).

• Publication date : 2017/09/13

Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe

To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/30
• Subjects: Technology, Figures, economy

Increase of HFC refrigerants' price in Europe.

Several manufacturers have announced a price increase for HFC refrigerants in Europe.

• Publication date : 2014/12/21
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Figures, economy

Latest developments on the mobile air conditioning front

According to the MAC Directive, by January 1, 2017, all new vehicles in the European Union (EU) are to be equipped with air-conditioning systems using refrigerant with GWP under 150. Most EU car manufacturers have opted for R1234yf.

• Publication date : 2014/11/17

AHRI releases november 2021 US heating and cooling equipment shipment data

AHRI provides monthly data on heating and cooling equipment shipped by US manufacturers in the US market. The data provided covers the two months prior to the month of release....

• Publication date : 2022/01/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

AHRI releases August 2022 US heating and cooling equipment shipment data

AHRI provides monthly data on heating and cooling equipment shipped by US manufacturers in the US market. The data provided covers the two months prior to the month of release....

• Publication date : 2022/10/24
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IIR member news: Linde

Linde claims cryogenic freezing allows cookie manufacturers to produce a more consistent product.

• Publication date : 2015/12/08

IIR member news: Star Refrigeration

The UK company Star Refrigeration has announced the launch of a new subsidiary, Azane Inc., to manufacture and supply their “low-charge ammonia” Azane technology in the US.

• Publication date : 2014/05/25

The third and final ELICiT project newsletter is out!

Funded by Framework Programme 7 (FP7), the 3-years project began in January 2014 and will end in December 2016. It’s main objective is to further collaboration between SMEs, global appliance manufacturers; and to draw on the expertise found in...

• Publication date : 2016/12/21

Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning

Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.  

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Shecco Virtual Trade Show Concludes 24-Hour Global Exhibit with over 4,000 Registrations

VTS attendees came from across the global cooling marketplace, including end users, manufacturers, contractors, associations, government officials, consultants, academics, students, media, and NGOs.

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives

Brief: Iran

There is now considerable interest in the IIR in Iran. Mr Manuchehr Mehdizadeh, who is well-known in the HVAC, chilling and freezing sectors in Iran, has attracted considerable interest in the IIR, resulting in new members representing strategic...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

Member news: Mexichem Fluor changes name to Koura

The Mexichem branch specialized in the development and manufacturing of fluorinated products changes its name to become Koura.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30

News from IIR members: Tecumseh do Brasil

Tecumseh do Brasil has reached a landmark of 170 million compressors manufactured since the company was set up 35 years ago. The company manufactures hermetic compressors and condensing units for domestic and commercial refrigeration and air...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

New in our Encyclopedia: additive manufacturing for refrigeration equipment

Additive manufacturing makes it possible to optimise the geometry and performance of cooling components such as heat exchangers and regenerators for caloric...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

Conferences: Casta Papiernicka

Compressors 2006, an IIR conference held in Casta Papiernicka on September 27-29, 2006 was as successful as the previous one in 2004: 170 attendees from 17 countries and 50 papers. A meeting of IIR Commissions B1 and B2 was held. Manufacturers and...

• Publication date : 2006/11/14

News from IIR members: ACHPI

The Air Conditioning and Heat Pump Institute (ACHPI), was launched in the UK in September 2009. This new specialist group within the UK institute of Refrigeration (IOR) has been set up to assist all those who install, service or maintain...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

News from IIR members: Tecumseh’s new quiet range

According to the French health authorities (DDASS), over 50% of complaints concerning air-cooled condensing units used in commercial refrigeration are noise-related. Tecumseh has developed a range of 45 Silensys® condensing unit models that have...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

News from IIR members: Sofrigam

The number of drugs (e.g. targeted therapies, new vaccines, anti-diabetic drugs and blood derivatives) transported and kept at a controlled temperature is growing rapidly and these products are increasingly sensitive to temperature variations. In...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

Conference report: An important event in Saint Petersburg

The IIR-co-sponsored International Conference on the "Conservation of Genetic Resources", was held in Saint Petersburg at the prestigious Institute of Cytology (Russian Academy of Sciences), on October 19-22, 2004. There were 120 participants from...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Briefs: Frisbee

The launch meeting of the European Union-funded Frisbee (Food Refrigeration Innovations for Safety, consumers Benefit, Environmental impact and Energy optimization along the cold chain in Europe) project was held on September 8-10, 2010, in the...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG