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OptiRef: heat pump with two heat sources at different temperature levels.

• Author(s) : UHLMANN M., HELDSTAB A., BERTSCH S. S.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat capacity, Temperature, Heat source, Heat pump, Performance, Expérimentation, Compressor
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation of air-source heat pump using heat pipes as heat radiator.

• Author(s) : XU S., DING R., NIU J., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pipe, Air-source system, Heat pump, Performance, Expérimentation, COP, Heating
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 90
• Formats : PDF

Initial test campaign of an innovative dual source heat pump.

• Author(s) : MARCHANTE-AVELLANEDA J., CORBERÁN J. M., CAZORLA-MARÍN A., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Building, Air-source system, R32, Dual-energy system, Heat pump, Ground-source system, Testing, Air conditioning, Heating
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Optimization of air-source heat pump systems over the heating season through the use of renewable energy sources.

• Author(s) : BEE E., PRADA A., BAGGIO P.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Air-source system, Heat pump, Performance, Optimization, Heating, Thermal energy storage
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 4^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Investigation on a ground source heat pump system integrated with renewable sources.

• Author(s) : QIAN D., NIU F., KAVANAUGH S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Green building, Heat pump, Performance, Ground-source system, Solar energy
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 4^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Aerotermia como energía para la sustitución de calderas convencionales.

Air-source heat pumps to replace conventional boilers.

• Author(s) : DÍAZ D.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Comparison, Air-source system, Heat pump, Energy saving, Heating
• Source: Frío Calor Aire acondicionado - vol. 44 - n. 494
• Formats : PDF

Application of a heat pump system using untreated urban sewage as a heat source.

• Author(s) : LIU Z., MA L., ZHANG J.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cooling, Heat source, Heat pump, Performance, Testing, Heating, Waste water
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 62 - n. 2

Optimal heat source temperature for supercritical organic Rankine cycle.

• Author(s) : LIU W., WIELAND C., MEINEL D., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Organic Rankine cycle, Temperature, Heat source, Performance, Optimization, Modelling
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Simplified ground-source heat pump models for predicting heat extraction.

• Author(s) : BORDIGNON S., SPITLER J. D., ZARRELLA A.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ground-source system, Heat exchanger, Model, COP, Market, Europe, North america, Calculation
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental Research on Air-source Heat Pump Using Heat Pipes as Heat Radiator.

• Author(s) : SHUXUE X., YUEYUE S., YUEYUE W., GUOYUAN M.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Domestic heat pump, Heat pipe, Expérimentation, Air-source system, Heating, Prototype, Test room, Radiator, COP
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance evaluation of different heating terminals used in air source heat pump system.

• Author(s) : HU B., WANG R. Z., XIAO B., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat capacity, China, Air-source system, Heat pump, Expérimentation, COP, Thermal comfort, Heating
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

Pompe à chaleur PAC Facteur 7 utilisant la chaleur des eaux grises comme source génératrice d'eau chaude sanitaire.

Factor-7 heat pump using waste-water heat as a heat source for domestic hot water.

• Author(s) : NEHME G., CLODIC D.
• Publication date: 2014/03
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Heat source, Heat pump, Performance, Optimization, Energy efficiency, Domestic water
• Source: Revue générale du Froid & du Conditionnement d'air - vol. 104 - n. 1141

IIR document

Development of a continuous heating technology for air source heat pumps.

• Author(s) : TAKENAKA N., ISHIMURA K., WATANABE K., WAKAMOTO S.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Defrosting, Air-source system, Heating, Latent heat, Simulation, Calculation, Expérimentation, Prototype, Heat pump, Residential sector, Saturation
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Life cycle climate performance analysis of sewage source heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : CHEN X., ZHANG Z., ZHANG C., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Renewable energy, Economy, Heat source, Heat pump, LCCP, Environment, Waste water
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental Investigation on One-time Heating R32 Two-stage Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater.

• Author(s) : ZHENG B., LIANG X., ZHUANG R.
• Publication date: 2021/08/31
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Water heater, R32, Air-source system, Expérimentation, COP, Heating
• Source: 13^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2021: Heat Pumps – Mission for the Green World. Conference proceedings [full papers]
• Formats : PDF

USA's largest ground-source heat pump

The conversion of Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, to a geothermal ground-source heat pump, reportedly the largest project of its kind in the USA, has entered its second and final phase.

• Publication date : 2012/07/24

Turnaround of the ground-source heat-pump market in Japan

After having declined steadily between 2006 and 2010, the ground-source heat pump market in Japan showed 26% growth in 2011 compared with 2010.

• Publication date : 2012/11/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Efficiency of ground source heat pump systems

Ground source heat pumps (GHSP) have been reported to be more efficient than more widespread air source heat pumps despite higher installation costs. A recent article has reviewed parameters impacting the energy...

• Publication date : 2021/03/29
• Subjects: Technology

Design and operation of district heating and cooling systems supplied by renewable energy sources

A report published by the European Commission analyses 8 efficient district heating and cooling systems in different Member States.  

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

European heat pump market by energy source

Air remains the dominant energy source. Nearly all air source heat pumps are now reversible, being able to provide heating and cooling.

• Publication date : 2016/11/26
• Subjects: Figures, economy

A ground source heat pump at Cornell

The Bloomberg Center at the tech campus of Cornell University (New York, USA) was recently equipped with a Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP).

• Publication date : 2018/04/18

European heat pump market repartition by energy source

Air continues to be the main energy source (more than 85%) used in the European heat pump markets. The aerothermal heat pump segment is dominated by air/air (with heating functionality) and air/water units used for heating and hot water production.

• Publication date : 2016/02/03
• Subjects: Figures, economy

US central air conditioners and air-source heat pumps market

U.S shipments of central air conditioners and air-source heat pumps totaled 720,084 units in March 2016, up 6.5% from 676,010 units shipped in March 2015.

• Publication date : 2016/07/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The high potential of ground-source heat pumps to decarbonise the European building sector

A potential reduction of 20-40% and 30-50% of energy demand in buildings, for heating and cooling respectively, could be achieved through increased use of geothermal heat pumps. 

• Publication date : 2022/05/27

5th generation district heating and cooling networks in Europe

A recent generation of district heating and cooling networks is developing in Europe, using low temperature renewable energy heat sources (such as shallow...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Technology

Innovative solutions to reduce cooling needs for data centres

As the world’s demand for data continues to expand, the creation of new data centres poses the issue of cooling. Innovative solutions using renewable energy sources and heat recovery are presented...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Technology

Poland: A spectacular growth of the air heat pump market in 2015

The upward trend also continued in the sector of ground-source heat pumps as the sales of these pumps grew by 5% in 2015. The overall market of heat pumps grew by 14%.

• Publication date : 2016/02/24
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Heat pump markets growing in China and Japan

While China’s air source heat pump market has been growing rapidly since the beginning of 2017, the usage of heat pumps us promoted in Japan in an attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Publication date : 2018/03/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Renewable energy consumption for heating and cooling in the EU

Over one fifth of energy used for heating and cooling from renewable sources in the EU.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: Environment

Renewable energy consumption for heating and cooling in the EU in 2019

In 2019 as in 2018, over a fifth of the energy used for heating and cooling came from renewable sources in the EU.

• Publication date : 2021/01/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling

The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.

• Publication date : 2021/02/23

IIR member news: Excess heat is the largest untapped energy source

In a whitepaper, IIR Benefactor member Danfoss highlights the vast untapped potential of excess heat as a source of energy.

• Publication date : 2023/03/27

Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress

An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

ICR 2011 in Prague: a Resounding Success

The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration held in Prague, on August 21-26, 2011, was highly successful...

• Publication date : 2011/08/30

IIR Research Priorities

The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

International events: Belgrade

The IIR co-sponsored 40th International Conference on Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration took place in Belgrade, Serbia, on December 2-4, 2009. With 750 participants from 20 countries, 63 papers and 132 exhibitors, the event was highly...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

FRIDOC now features a selection of MDPI articles on refrigeration

About 150 articles from MDPI journals, including review articles on various refrigeration technologies, are available in FRIDOC.

• Publication date : 2022/07/28
• Subjects: General information

Conference reports

Several IIR-co-sponsored events took place at the end of 2010: - The Pôle Cristal Symposium held in Dinan, France, on October 7-8, 2010 attracted 220 attendees. Sixteen papers were presented. - The International Congress...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

IIR Working Parties

The IIR has 10 commissions: Cryophysics, cryoegineering (A1); Liquefaction and separation of gases (A2); Thermodynamics and transfer processes(B1); Refrigerating equipment (B2); Cryobiology, cryomedicine (C1); Food science and engineering (C2);...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

International activities: Conferences

- The 3rd International Conference on Energy Research and Development (ICERD-3) took place in Kuwait City on November 21-23, 2005. This IIR co-sponsored conference emphasized the necessity of energy saving, even in oil-producing countries, in...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Editorial by Didier Coulomb

The 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2011) will take place in Prague on August 21-26, 2011. This will be the key refrigeration event in 2011 and will deal with all facets of refrigeration and refrigeration technology. Around...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference

The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

The IIR around the world: October 2023

A look back at the IIR's latest events at Refcold in India, the ESEF forum in Praia, Cabo Verde, and the SIFA trade fair in France. 

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

Ever-expanding market research resources at your fingertips

The IIR enhances its market research resources

• Publication date : 2015/05/27

CryoHub: EU project CryoHub is inviting cold chain companies to become ‘CryoHub Champions’

The CryoHub innovation project investigates and extends the potential of large-scale Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) and applies the stored energy for both cooling and power generation.

• Publication date : 2016/06/28

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs