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Recommended by the IIR

Development of large-and-small volume-switching rotary compressor for residential multi-connected air-conditioner.

• Author(s) : WEI H., XU J., QUE P., HU Y.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 25^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

An experimental method to determine the contact thermal resistance of PCM materials undergoing large volume change.

• Author(s) : RENDALL J., SHEN Z., SHRESTHA S., GEHL T., ATCHLEY J.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryopreservation at large scale: current and future perspectives for applied cryobiology.

• Author(s) : FULLER B., BROOKSHAW T., ERRO E., SELDEN C.
• Publication date: 2025/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2025. Proceedings of the 18^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Prague, Czech Republic, 7-11 April 2025.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimal volume ratio of two stage rotary compressor using R32/R1234ze(E) mixtures.

• Author(s) : CHENG Z., WANG B., SHI W., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Optimal volume ratio of two stage rotary compressor using R32/R1234ze(E) mixtures.

• Author(s) : CHENG Z., WANG B., SHI W., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR international conference on the application of HFO refrigerants, Birmingham, September 2-5 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Development of large capacity 3D scroll compressor for first stage of two-stage compression system.

• Author(s) : TANIGUCHI M., SATO H., TAKASU Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 24^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Geometric model and pressurization analysis on a novel sliding vane compressor with an asymmetrical cylinder profile.

• Author(s) : WANG J., LIU Y., TAN Z., TAN Q.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 129
• Formats : PDF

Liquid-gas cryogenic energy storage units operating at constant temperature.

• Author(s) : AFONSO J., MARTINS D., CATARINO I., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/02/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 95

Hydrophobic membrane based compact absorption refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : INOUE S., TAIRA N., HONG S. J., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/08/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference, ISHPC 2017, Tokyo august 7-10.

IIR document

Novel energy efficiency assessement approach of air cooled condensers used in large retail refrigeration pack estates using only a singular metering point.

• Author(s) : BRADY N.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Adsorption dynamics of MOF coatings for waste heat driven cooling.

• Author(s) : LAURENZ E., VELTE A., KUMMER H., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Hydrogen storage capacity of newly developed spherical activated carbon.

• Author(s) : MARZIA K., OHBA T., MIYAZAKI T., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/08/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference, ISHPC 2017, Tokyo august 7-10.

IIR document

Experimental investigation on the use of CuO/water nanofluid in horizontal spiral-coil ground heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : LIU Q., TAO Y., SHI L., ZHOU T., HUANG Y., PENG Y., WANG Y., TU J.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 149
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Problems of bulk storage and shipping of liquid hydrogen in volumes of 10,000 to 100,000 cubic meters at one bar pressure.

• Author(s) : SCURLOCK R.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Location dependent performance study on regenerators within a Halbach magnetic field source.

• Author(s) : CHRISTIAANSE T. V., GOVINDAPPA P., NIKNIA I., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Continued increase in global LNG trade in 2019

The global Liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade has continued to increase in 2019, with export growth coming from the USA, Russia, Australia, Algeria and Egypt. Asia Pacific and Asia remain the largest importing...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

2014 worldwide helium market

Currently, the US has the largest market for helium demand market, consuming approximately 32% of the total volume; Asia represents the second largest market with 31% of worldwide demand.

• Publication date : 2015/11/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Ice cream global trade 2024: Thailand becomes top Asian exporter; EU production grows

In a ranking dominated by Europe, Thailand becomes the 9th largest exporter of ice cream in volume, 11th in value, according to latest data from the United Nations Comtrade...

• Publication date : 2025/09/16
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Revising A3 refrigerants charge limits to promote wider application

A recent IJR paper examines the validity and form of charge limits for “highly flammable” A3 refrigerants, which constitute low-GWP alternatives to HFCs. Authors propose to eliminate upper charge limits for...

• Publication date : 2020/06/30
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Global LNG supply: the potential of Africa, South and Central America

IGU provides an update on the LNG supply outlook for countries in Africa, Central and South America. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country

Successful test of a dilution refrigerator for quantum computers

IBM scientists have succeeded in cooling a quantum computer chip to a temperature of 25 mK using a large-scale dilution refrigerator. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Technology

Heat pump sales grew in Europe in 2020

According to the latest market report by European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), heat pump sales grew by +7.4% in 2020, offering benefits both in terms of greenhouse gas emission...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The global LNG market slowly recovers in early 2021

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the global LNG market recovered modestly at the end of 2020, after a downward trend. The LNG market is expected to grow in 2021, albeit at a slow...

• Publication date : 2021/02/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning

A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Star in the Shetlands: Star Refrigeration

Star Refrigeration, a corporate member of the IIR, has equipped Shetland Catch Ltd. with new blast-freezing equipment, raising the capacity from 200 to over 750 tonnes per day. Shetland Catch's plant near Lerwick is now probably the largest...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

Charge minimization in hydrocarbon systems

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). It presents the results of the project to minimize charge in a R290 system that has 1-1.5 kW refrigeration capacity. Currently, there are many guidelines...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

Trends and markets: AC market

- According to a recent BSRIA press release, the air-conditioning market contracted by 11% compared to 2008, reaching USD 63.2 million in 2009. It is expected to see a slow recovery in 2010 with an expected growth rate of around 5%. In terms of...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

World’s largest reefer ship to boost fruits exports

Exports of New Zealand kiwifruit and South African citrus fruits to Europe have been boosted by the commissioning of the world's largest reefer vessel.

• Publication date : 2021/07/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country, General information

The global refrigeration compressor market

Bien que pénalisé par la pandémie de Covid-19 qui a fortement impacté le secteur du conditionnement d’air, le marché des compresseurs a progressé dans certains domaines tels que la chaîne du froid, l’industrie...

• Publication date : 2021/04/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Recent advances in hydrogen liquefaction and storage

Several review articles present a comprehensive overview of the liquid hydrogen supply chain. IIR members Linde and Air Liquide are contributing to address the global demand for...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28
• Subjects: Technology

The IIR at COP-11/MOP-1 in Montreal

The IIR, as an intergovernmental organization, participated in this "historic" event which gathered 10 000 people for the largest United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ever held. The conference held...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

Member News: Daikin partners with Fujifilm to reduce noise from some of its ventilation/humidification units

The Japanese company Daikin will soon use a new technology to reduce noise in some of its ventilation and humidification units. 

• Publication date : 2022/02/28

A new era for the IIR’s archives: 2,000 historical publications now available online

As part of its campaign to promote and preserve its documentation heritage, the International Institute of Refrigeration has launched a large-scale project to digitise its historical archives. This initiative...

• Publication date : 2025/09/24
• Subjects: General information

Your International Journal of Refrigeration; still the best in its field

Thomson Reuters confirms that the International Journal of Refrigeration is still the best in its field

• Publication date : 2015/07/08

IIR member news: Innocold

The largest LNG terminal in Europe is under construction in Dunkerque, France.

• Publication date : 2014/08/27

New IIR Informatory Note on Liquefied Natural Gas

The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that LNG is expected to play a major role in global energy strategies as it has many advantages and helps mitigate global warming when used instead of coal and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

IIR member news: A new BSRIA study on the global compressor market 

A recent study by BSRIA shows that sales of refrigeration compressors in 2022 are expected to reach 502 million units with a value of USD 48.6 billion, up 15% year-on-year. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/13
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Focus: The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

In 1978 the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) launched a new international scientific journal, the IJR. The first volume of the IJR consisted of 4 issues comprising 29 scientific articles in all. Today, we publish 8 issues with an...

• Publication date : 2012/12/14

Statement from IIR Director General at COP13/MOP36

On the final day of COP13/MOP36, held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 28 October to 1 November 2024, IIR Director General Yosr Allouche delivered IIR’s official statement to the Plenary.

• Publication date : 2024/11/27
• Subjects: Regulation

Adapting Refrigeration to a Warming World: Highlights from IIR Adaptation 2025 Conference in Manchester

The first edition of the IIR International Conference on Adapting Refrigeration to Rising Temperatures has just wrapped up in Manchester, UK. Over 120 participants from academia, policy, and industry gathered to...

• Publication date : 2025/08/14
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO, HFCs

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO