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Survival of Salmonella spp. on surface-inoculated forced-air cooled and hydrocooled intact strawberries, and in strawberry puree.
Chapter 6. Precooling
Modelling and simulation of effusion cooling—A review of recent progress.
The rebound effect after the energy refurbishment of residential buildings towards high performances.
Development and Tests of the Water Cooling System Dedicated to Photovoltaic Panels.
Análise dos processos dissipativos de atrito e efeito Joule em um modelo de refrigerador exoreversível.
Analysis and effects of the Joule effect dissipation processes in an exo-reversionary refrigerator model.
IIR document
An analytical comparison between R134a and alternative refrigerants in the water-cooled chiller.
Investigation on refrigerant transport by capillary effect with fleeces in an evaporator for a high temperature cooling machine.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a water-cooled loop thermosyphon system under fan failure conditions.
Observations of water-cooled chillers with tube-in-shell heat exchangers operated with mildly zeotropic low pressure refrigerant blends.
A new moving-boundary algorithm to predict heat transfer rate of counter-flow water-cooled transcritical CO2 gas cooler.
UN EXEMPLE DE PROTECTION INCENDIE DANS UN GRAND ENTREPOT FRIGORIFIQUE.
A MODEL OF FIRE PREVENTION IN A LARGE COLD STORE.
Study of pool fire heat release rate using video fire detection.
UNE NOUVELLE MACHINE DE PREREFRIGERATION PAR EAU GLACEE. CONCEPTION ET PERFORMANCES.
A NEW HYDROCOOLER. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE.
Légionellose et brûlures par eau chaude sanitaire en collectivités et habitat.
Legionella and hot-water scalding in institutions and residential buildings.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
60 results
Renewable energy consumption for heating and cooling in the EU
Over one fifth of energy used for heating and cooling from renewable sources in the EU.
Indonesia unveils its first National Cooling Action Plan
The Indonesian government launched its first National Cooling Action Plan (I-NCAP) which focuses on air conditioning, food and healthcare cold chains, mobile air conditioning and...
Evaporative cooling experimentations in urban areas
Various researches are currently being conducted to study the impact of evaporative cooling in urban areas.
Refrigeration appliances drove the French market for large household equipment in 2020
According to Gifam, a grouping of home appliance brands, sales of household freezers, wine coolers and refrigerators increased in France in 2020.
Innovative material for passive cooling and natural lighting
Researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have developed a polymer-based material that is more transparent to light than regular glass and maintains a comfortable indoor...
Meeting the cooling and freshwater needs of arid countries
In a recent review article, the authors summarised research efforts in meeting cooling and freshwater demands in arid and hot climates, using available solar...
Spray freeze-drying technique for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products
Some biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines have a short shelf life and must be handled with care. A recent literature review presents the spray freeze-drying technique as an interesting option for optimising the...
News flash: New IIR Web site!
The new IIR Web site has just been launched: http://www.iifiir.org The new English version is now accessible and the French version will be ready soon. New design and graphics have been...
News flash: IIR e-mail addresses have changed!
Please note that for technical reasons, the e-mail address of the IIR has changed. You can now contact us at iif-iir@iifiir.org (instead of
UN Climate Change Conference in Bali
- The 13th United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change, which was also the 3rd meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, took place in Bali, Indonesia, on December 3-14, 2007. More than 10 000 persons attended this event which...
Refrigeration now at the heart of international discussions
The recent G7 meeting in France and the United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019 in the US illustrate the growing importance of the refrigeration sector in international discussions.
A responsible community, from science to society
IIR newsletter focus, by Philippe Lebrun, President of the General Conference of the IIR
Carbon capture on board LNG-fuelled ships
A project involving science and industry partners has received EU funding to accelerate the uptake of ship-based carbon capture on LNG-fuelled ships.
Sales of domestic refrigerators on the rise in France in 2022
According to Gifam, a grouping of home appliance brands, sales of domestic refrigerators continued to grow in France in 2022, in a market that is stabilising.
Europe 2025 heatwaves: demand for AC surges as heat-related deaths triple
Recent analyses from the World Meteorological Organization, the World Resources Institute and the Imperial College London take stock of this summer’s heatwaves in Europe.
IIR news
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Cooling technologies for sustainable data centres
Authored by leading IIR experts in energy and power engineering, this publication offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative cooling solutions designed to meet the escalating...
The activities of CaRe, the IIR working group on careers in refrigeration
CaRe, the new IIR working group dedicated to promoting careers in refrigeration to the younger generation and particularly women, has organised two events at the ICCC2018 conference in Beijing.
Briefs: IIR statutory meetings
The Management Committee of the IIR, the Publications Sub-Committee and the restricted Science and Technology Council met in Prague, Czech Republic, on February 22-24, 2010 and prepared the 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration with the...
Yokohama e yokoso !
From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...
New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy
Discover the 29th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies
In Memoriam: Joe Paul
Prof. Joachim (Joe) Paul, Delegate of Denmark since 2003 and President of the IIR’s Executive Committee and Management Committee since 2007, died on August 28, 2012.
Obituary: Anders Lindborg
Anders Lindborg, honorary member of the IIR and President of IIR Commission D1 from 1993 until 1996, died on September 25, 2012.
Focus: The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)
In 1978 the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) launched a new international scientific journal, the IJR. The first volume of the IJR consisted of 4 issues comprising 29 scientific articles in all. Today, we publish 8 issues with an...
Obituary: Prof. Dr. José Antonio Muñoz-Delgado Ortiz
Prof. Dr. José Antonio Muñoz-Delgado Ortiz, Honorary President of the IIR, died in April 2013.
IIR committee meetings in Beijing
The Management Committee of the IIR met in Beijing on March 25, 2006. Two other meetings took place the same week: the Publications Sub-Committee (PSC) meeting and the meeting of the representatives of the Science and Technology Council to the...
Partnerships with other international organizations
- Eric Granryd, President of the General Conference, and Didier Coulomb attended the ASHRAE Winter Meeting in January 2006, and highlighted the role of the IIR and the need for cooperation on environmental issues. They also met with the US...
Statutory meetings of the IIR
The annual statutory meetings of the IIR took place on June 6-9, 2006, in the beautiful premises of the French Ministry of Research in Paris: the Publications Sub-Committee, the Management Committee, the Science and Technology Council and the...
Refrigeration Fundamentals on sale!
The IIR's latest course, Refrigeration Fundamentals - Educational Course, will be available within a few weeks. Refrigeration Fundamentals, by André Pilatte - Delegate of Belgium to the IIR and Professor at the Faculté Polytechnique de Mons -...
The new e-Bulletin
Many of you are already aware that the Bulletin of the IIR is now being provided in electronic form. The new e-Bulletin, available via Internet, contains all the information provided in the paper version of the Bulletin: abstracts of articles and...
Briefs: Robert Heap
Robert Heap, President of the IIR Science and Technology Council, has won the famous Cooling Industry Gold Award. He was rewarded for his "enormous contribution to the industry's development" thanks to "his work on heat pumps, energy efficiency...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Events
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Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
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