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Study of pool fire heat release rate using video fire detection.

• Author(s) : WONG A. K. K., FONG N. K.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 3rd International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Survival of Salmonella spp. on surface-inoculated forced-air cooled and hydrocooled intact strawberries, and in strawberry puree.

• Author(s) : SREEDHARAN A., TOKARSKYY O., SARGENT S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 51

Chapter 6. Precooling

• Author(s) : ELANSARI A. M., FENTON D. L., CALLAHAN C. W.
• Publication date: 2019
• Languages : English

The rebound effect after the energy refurbishment of residential buildings towards high performances.

• Author(s) : CORRADO V., BALLARINI I., PADUOS S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 4^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Development and Tests of the Water Cooling System Dedicated to Photovoltaic Panels.

• Author(s) : SORNEK K., GORYL W., FIGAJ R., DĄBROWSKA G., BREZDEŃ J.
• Publication date: 2022/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - 15 - 16
• Formats : PDF

Análise dos processos dissipativos de atrito e efeito Joule em um modelo de refrigerador exoreversível.

Analysis and effects of the Joule effect dissipation processes in an exo-reversionary refrigerator model.

• Author(s) : ALMEIDA I. M. G., BARBOSA C. R. F., FONTES A. O. F. de, et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

An analytical comparison between R134a and alternative refrigerants in the water-cooled chiller.

• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on refrigerant transport by capillary effect with fleeces in an evaporator for a high temperature cooling machine.

• Author(s) : HOLBEIN B., SCHULENBERG T.
• Publication date: 2018/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 93
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a water-cooled loop thermosyphon system under fan failure conditions.

• Author(s) : ZOU S., ZHANG Q., LING L., WANG J., MA X., DU S., YUE C.
• Publication date: 2021/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 124
• Formats : PDF

Observations of water-cooled chillers with tube-in-shell heat exchangers operated with mildly zeotropic low pressure refrigerant blends.

• Author(s) : SCHULTZ K.
• Publication date: 2022/07/10
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A new moving-boundary algorithm to predict heat transfer rate of counter-flow water-cooled transcritical CO₂ gas cooler.

• Author(s) : CHEN Y. G., YANG Q. Y.
• Publication date: 2023/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 146
• Formats : PDF

Energy efficiency analysis between air cooling direct evaporative air conditioning and water cooling air conditioning solution for data centers.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : WANG Q., PENG S., DING Q.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 44 - n. 292
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

UN EXEMPLE DE PROTECTION INCENDIE DANS UN GRAND ENTREPOT FRIGORIFIQUE.

A MODEL OF FIRE PREVENTION IN A LARGE COLD STORE.

• Author(s) : MAURICE R., BONNAIRE P.
• Publication date: 1982
• Languages : French
• Formats : PDF

Légionellose et brûlures par eau chaude sanitaire en collectivités et habitat.

Legionella and hot-water scalding in institutions and residential buildings.

• Author(s) : POIRIER L.
• Publication date: 2005
• Languages : French
• Source: www.xpair.com - 4 p.; fig.

IIR document

UNE NOUVELLE MACHINE DE PREREFRIGERATION PAR EAU GLACEE. CONCEPTION ET PERFORMANCES.

A NEW HYDROCOOLER. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE.

• Author(s) : CORNIER G.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : French
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Renewable energy consumption for heating and cooling in the EU

Over one fifth of energy used for heating and cooling from renewable sources in the EU.

• Publication date : 2020/04/05
• Subjects: Environment

Evaporative cooling experimentations in urban areas

Various researches are currently being conducted to study the impact of evaporative cooling in urban areas.

• Publication date : 2019/10/30
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Refrigeration appliances drove the French market for large household equipment in 2020

According to Gifam, a grouping of home appliance brands, sales of household freezers, wine coolers and refrigerators increased in France in 2020.

• Publication date : 2021/03/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Meeting the cooling and freshwater needs of arid countries

In a recent review article, the authors summarised research efforts in meeting cooling and freshwater demands in arid and hot climates, using available solar...

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: Technology

Spray freeze-drying technique for the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products

Some biopharmaceuticals such as vaccines have a short shelf life and must be handled with care. A recent literature review presents the spray freeze-drying technique as an interesting option for optimising the...

• Publication date : 2020/12/14
• Subjects: Technology

Refrigeration now at the heart of international discussions

The recent G7 meeting in France and the United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019 in the US illustrate the growing importance of the refrigeration sector in international discussions.

• Publication date : 2019/09/30
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

A responsible community, from science to society

IIR newsletter focus, by Philippe Lebrun, President of the General Conference of the IIR

• Publication date : 2017/02/01
• Subjects: Environment, General information

News flash: New IIR Web site!

The new IIR Web site has just been launched: http://www.iifiir.org The new English version is now accessible and the French version will be ready soon. New design and graphics have been...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

News flash: IIR e-mail addresses have changed!

Please note that for technical reasons, the e-mail address of the IIR has changed. You can now contact us at iif-iir@iifiir.org (instead of

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

UN Climate Change Conference in Bali

- The 13th United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change, which was also the 3rd meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, took place in Bali, Indonesia, on December 3-14, 2007. More than 10 000 persons attended this event which...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Carbon capture on board LNG-fuelled ships

A project involving science and industry partners has received EU funding to accelerate the uptake of ship-based carbon capture on LNG-fuelled ships.

• Publication date : 2022/06/13
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Sales of domestic refrigerators on the rise in France in 2022

According to Gifam, a grouping of home appliance brands, sales of domestic refrigerators continued to grow in France in 2022, in a market that is stabilising.

• Publication date : 2023/03/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Sustainable air-conditioning solutions in EU buildings

In a recent briefing note, the European Environment Agency (EEA) discusses sustainable solutions to the growing need for cooling in Europe.

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: General information

Latest figures on HFC impact on climate change

EU reports that hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emissions from refrigeration and air conditioning (RAC) have decreased for the fourth consecutive year since 2014. On a global scale, the impact of HFCs on climate...

• Publication date : 2020/09/04
• Subjects: Environment

HFCs: projected emissions

Two recent studies on projected emissions of HFCs have been published: - US: according to the June 2010 US Climate Action report under the UNFCCC, from 2005 through 2020, total US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are projected to rise by 4% under a...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Refrigeration now has its own day of the year

As the only independent intergovernmental organisation in the field of refrigeration, the IIR joins associations and companies worldwide to support the initiative of an official World Refrigeration Day on 26 June every year.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

The activities of CaRe, the IIR working group on careers in refrigeration

CaRe, the new IIR working group dedicated to promoting careers in refrigeration to the younger generation and particularly women, has organised two events at the ICCC2018 conference in Beijing.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19
• Subjects: General information

Annual IIR statutory meetings

The annual IIR statutory meetings took place between June 13 and 15, 2018 in Paris. They were held at La Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, where the attendees could visit the international exhibition on refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: General information

Discover the newly-elected IIR Section and Commission heads

Welcome the IIR’s new statutory body members!

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

Briefs: IIR statutory meetings

The Management Committee of the IIR, the Publications Sub-Committee and the restricted Science and Technology Council met in Prague, Czech Republic, on February 22-24, 2010 and prepared the 23rd International Congress of Refrigeration with the...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Obituary: Prof. Dr. José Antonio Muñoz-Delgado Ortiz

Prof. Dr. José Antonio Muñoz-Delgado Ortiz, Honorary President of the IIR, died in April 2013.

• Publication date : 2013/08/18

Obituary: Robert Heap

The IIR would like to express its sincere condolences to the family and relatives of Robert Heap, who died on March 11, 2014, at the age of 72.

• Publication date : 2014/04/30

Yokohama e yokoso !

From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...

• Publication date : 2015/08/18

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

Discover the 29th Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies

• Publication date : 2015/12/02
• Subjects: General information

In Memoriam: Joe Paul

Prof. Joachim (Joe) Paul, Delegate of Denmark since 2003 and President of the IIR’s Executive Committee and Management Committee since 2007, died on August 28, 2012.

• Publication date : 2012/10/23

Obituary: Anders Lindborg

Anders Lindborg, honorary member of the IIR and President of IIR Commission D1 from 1993 until 1996, died on September 25, 2012.

• Publication date : 2012/10/25

Focus: The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)

In 1978 the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) launched a new international scientific journal, the IJR. The first volume of the IJR consisted of 4 issues comprising 29 scientific articles in all. Today, we publish 8 issues with an...

• Publication date : 2012/12/14

IIR committee meetings in Beijing

The Management Committee of the IIR met in Beijing on March 25, 2006. Two other meetings took place the same week: the Publications Sub-Committee (PSC) meeting and the meeting of the representatives of the Science and Technology Council to the...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Partnerships with other international organizations

- Eric Granryd, President of the General Conference, and Didier Coulomb attended the ASHRAE Winter Meeting in January 2006, and highlighted the role of the IIR and the need for cooperation on environmental issues. They also met with the US...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Statutory meetings of the IIR

The annual statutory meetings of the IIR took place on June 6-9, 2006, in the beautiful premises of the French Ministry of Research in Paris: the Publications Sub-Committee, the Management Committee, the Science and Technology Council and the...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables