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IIR document
Particle size distribution in ice slurry systems-analysis of dual-view particle images.
Application of NOPD Technique to Vibration Reduction of Rotor Compressors.
Numerical model of particle deposition on fin surface of heat exchanger.
A new concept to reduce indoor air particle concentration.
Density modification of ice particles in ice slurry.
Particle size distribution in ice slurry systems: setup and analysis.
Cryogenics for high-energy particle accelerators: highlights from the first fifty years.
Method for defrosting heat exchangers using an air-particle jet.
Object tracking-based droplet characterization on high flowrate electrospray for PM removal.
Particle sedimentation depression with stabilizers and surfactants on phase change materials.
Influence of particle size on the magnetocaloric properties of Mn1.30Fe0.65P0.5Si0.5 powders.
An analytical model for predicting the particle-deposited fin efficiency.
Problems in design of cooling systems for particle detectors and relevant electronics.
CFD investigation on particle deposition in aligned and staggered ribbed duct air flows.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
293 results
A new cooling technique for superconducting cavities of particle accelerators
A team of researchers is developing a new method to cool the superconducting cavities of particle accelerators, which could make them more compact.
Spacewalkers replace the cooling pumps of the ISS cosmic particle detector
Two astronauts just finished successfully repairing the cooling pumps of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer fitted to the International Space Station.
For IIR members only
World Energy Outlook 2024: cooling drives electricity demand, especially in developing countries
In its latest report, the IEA predicts that residential air conditioning will require an extra 700 TWh of electricity by 2035, more than three times the extra demand from computer...
ICR2011 highlights: cooling particle detectors
Cooling systems for particle detectors attracted interest at the IIR’s Congress in Prague in August 2011. These highly specific applications have very strict requirements compared with standard cooling systems: refrigerants should be resistant to...
A Listeria monocytogenes biosensor based on gold nanoparticles
The innovation is an inexpensive, portable, disposable enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay-based biosensing strip that detects L. monocytogenes theough gold particle-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes.
Radiative cooling: smart materials to switch from heating to cooling
Researchers have developed a radiative thermal management device, composed of several layers of reflective/absorbent materials, capable of switching between heating and cooling...
LHC season 3: cryogenic cooling system upgrade
The particle accelerator returned to service in 2022 after numerous improvements, including an increase in cryogenic cooling power at point 4.
The LHC transition to transcritical CO2 cooling technologies
A new generation of CO2 cooling for a new generation of LHC silicon detectors: a CO2 booster / CO2 evaporative (pumped) system will be adopted to cool the newly designed silicon...
Is this the final run in the quest for the Higgs Boson?
In March 2012, physicists from Fermilab’s Tevatron collider near Chicago announced that data collected could suggest the existence of the Higgs boson. Furthermore, the results coincide with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results released by CERN...
COVID-19 news in the HVAC&R sector
The IIR reviews the available information on the possible impact of air conditioning on the spread of COVID-19 and the recommendations for the operation and maintenance of HVAC systems. Furthermore, several...
Liquid nitrogen spray to clean spacesuits
Researchers from Washington State University developed a liquid nitrogen spray to remove moon dust from a space suit, potentially solving what is a significant challenge for future...
Nanoe ™ X technology could inhibit COVID19 in air conditioners
Panasonic has developed an ionizer that inhibits certain pathogenic microorganisms (including viruses). Recent tests seem to demonstrate its effectiveness on COVID-19.
Producing ammonia using less energy
Scientists at the Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed an improved catalyst facilitating the synthesis of ammonia at merely 50°C (when conventional techniques require temperatures of 450°C).
Radiative cooling: protecting ice from melting under sunlight
Researchers have developed a biodegradable film made of cellulose acetate which, thanks to its radiative cooling properties, effectively protects ice subjected to solar radiation from melting, with possible...
Radiative cooling coatings that can adapt to the seasons
A novel material can be used as a coating on building’s rooftops or windows to provide radiative cooling in the summer without overcooling in the colder months.
IIR news
160 results
Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024
A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).
Member news: Carrier Transicold's innovative electrical technologies for refrigerated transport
Carrier Transicold promotes a new all-electric and autonomous cooling system for semi-trailers that completes its 100% electric range.
IIR Cryogenics Conference 2025: Call for abstracts to open in May!
Get ready to put pen to paper! The Programme Committee of the 18th IIR Conference on Cryogenics invites authors to submit their abstracts from May 25, 2024 – September 20, 2024.
Member news: Latest news from Air Liquide
Air Liquid inaugurates a low-carbon hydrogen production unit and promotes the development of helium refrigeration.
Activities of the IIR’s Commission D2 on Refrigerated Transport
The role of the IIR is well recognized worldwide, and in particular the expertise of the members of Commission D2 makes an important contribution to refrigerated transport issues: avoiding the wastage of food and the minimizing of emissions.
The year 2016: a new year full of opportunity
The year 2016 will be particularly important due to increasing international discussions on the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons with high global warming potential.
New IIR Informatory Note on automotive air conditioning
The latest IIR Informatory Note presents recent technological trends in automotive air conditioning, in particular for electric cars, and outlines the challenges in terms of energy efficiency and CO2...
The activities of CaRe, the IIR working group on careers in refrigeration
CaRe, the new IIR working group dedicated to promoting careers in refrigeration to the younger generation and particularly women, has organised two events at the ICCC2018 conference in Beijing.
IIR Activity Report
IIR actions clearly correspond to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly the goals. In 2020, the IIR publishes for the first time its annual activity report according to these goals, in...
COP22: The role of refrigeration in the combat against climate change
The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP22) was held in Marrakesh (Morocco), from 7-18 November 2016. It was, in particular, the first meeting of the Parties (CMA1) following the December 2015 Paris Agreement, and its purpose was to...
Call for papers: 3rd International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
A call for papers has been announced for the upcoming IIR conference on sustainability and the cold chain in June 2014. Particularly welcome are papers showcasing UK and international innovation in the cold-chain, and practical case studies on the...
Discover the winners of the prestigious awards presented at the 51st HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition
Despite being organised under particular circumstances this year, the Congress maintained high interest from key refrigeration stakeholders across Europe.
CYTEF 2022 attracts nearly 200 participants
Held in hybrid format from Cartagena (Spain), CYTEF 2022 attempted to analyse and discuss, in particular, "Synergistic technologies to advance sustainable refrigeration".
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
New IIR Informatory Note on Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation
Providing key insight in the field of cryostimulation, and particularly whole body and partial body cryotherapy, the new Informatory Note of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) explores the...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
9 results
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
