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Recommended by the IIR

Overwinter storage of European beech and Norway spruce planting stock: effect of different methods and temperature conditions.

• Author(s) : PANTOVÁ P., HOUŠKOVÁ K., MAUER O.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Review, Plant (botany), Storage, Storage condition, Freezer, Air conditioning, Agricultural application, Winter, Freezing temperature
• Source: Forests - 12 - 9
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Cryconservation of plants in Ukraine.

• Author(s) : ARAPETYAN E.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ukraine, Cryopreservation, Liquid nitrogen, Flower, Seed, Cryobank, Plant (botany), Case study
• Source: Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Quality changes in Pteridium aquilinum and the root of Platycodon grandiflorum frozen under different conditions.

• Author(s) : PARK S. J., MIJAN M. al, SONG K. B.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Volatile nitrogen, Plant (botany), Liquid nitrogen, Quality, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 43
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Vacuum impregnation pretreatment with maltose syrup to improve the quality of frozen lotus root.

• Author(s) : SONG J., MENG L., LI D., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Syrup, Plant (botany), Vacuum, Quality, Expérimentation, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 76
• Formats : PDF

Analysis of factors of cryogenic injury in the genus hypericum and their genetic causes and effects.

• Author(s) : PETIJOVÁ L.
• Publication date: 2015
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plant (botany), Physiological property, Genetics, Biological material, Storage, Chilling injury, Cryogenics, Cryopreservation
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The use of refrigerated storage, pretreatment with vapors of essential oils, and active flow-packing, improves the shelf life and safety of fresh dill.

• Author(s) : LÓPEZ GÓMEZ A., BOLUDA AGUILAR M., SOTO JOVER S.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food, Quality, Plant product, Optimization, Grass, Cold storage, Storage life
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Estudio experimental de la deshidratación de la flor de Jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa), utilizando secado solar directo tipo gabinete e indirecto tipo tunel.

Experimental investigation on the jamaican flower (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) dehydration, using cabinet type direct and tunnel type indirect solar desiccation.

• Author(s) : LÓPEZ-VIDAÑA E. C., MARTÍNEZ TEJEDA F. I., PILATOWSKY FIGUEROA I.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species involved in cold stress in HaCaT cells.

• Author(s) : YAZAWA T., SEKINE H., MURASE N., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plant (botany), Oxygen, Cell, Mitochondria, Mammal
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental measurements of the pressure drop loss coefficient for vent configurations of packaging designed for air cooling of horticultural products.

• Author(s) : TAPIA N. I., LOVE R. J., NOWAK E., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Dynamic models of fresh-cut spinach in different cold storage temperature.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : WANG C., LIU B., GONG Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 36 - n. 166
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigating the ice crystal morphology in frozen cooked rice based on size, fractal dimension and ANN modeling.

• Author(s) : KONO S., TOBARI Y., ARAKI T., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 84
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of different freezing methods on the quality and microstructure of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) root.

• Author(s) : TU J., ZHANG M., XU B., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plant (botany), Comparison, Variety, Ultrasound, Quality, Immersion, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 52
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Generation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in soybean by freezing and subsequent storage.

• Author(s) : UENO S., IRYO N., SASAO S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Estudio experimental de la deshidratación de las hojas de Stevia (Rebaudiana bertoni), bajo condiciones controladas y con un secador solar del tipo gabinete.

Experimental study of the Stevia leaves (rebaudiana Bertoni) dehydration, under controlled conditions in a cabinet type solar dryer.

• Author(s) : CASTILLO T. M., CASTILLO T. B., OVANDO S. J. C., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Spanish
• Keywords : Sweetener, Aromatic plant, Drying, Expérimentation, Solar energy, Dehydration
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of physicochemical properties on freezing suitability of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) root.

• Author(s) : TU J., ZHANG M., XU B., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Plant (botany), Variety, Ultrasound, Physico-chemical property, Immersion, Freezing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 50
• Formats : PDF

University of Chicago – South Campus chiller plant

When the University of Chicago built a new chiller plant, it seized the opportunity to make the new plant functional, high-performance and on display as a work of art. The resulting South Campus chiller plant celebrates technical equipment: all...

• Publication date : 2011/06/09

Briefs: Dehumidification and cooling system cuts energy consumption by 43% in meat processing plant

Cooling and dehumidification costs in a meat plant in Germany have been reduced by a system using hot and cold water from other processes. According to DuCool, TönniesFleisch plant in Rheda-Wiedenbrück is saving annually 165 000 € in electricity...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Briefs: Snow fleas and transplant organs

Researchers have discovered that a potent antifreeze protein (AFP) that protects snow fleas from freezing may allow longer storage of transplant organs. The protein has been isolated and inhibits ice growth, potentially making it possible to store...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

First birth following a transplant of frozen ovarian tissue

The first case of a live birth after a successful transplant of ovarian fragments taken from a patient and then conserved frozen has just been announced by Belgian gynaecologists in an article published in the British medical journal The Lancet....

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

France: containment of refrigerating data plants

French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) recently published a study conducted by Cemafroid and IRSTEA on the containment of refrigerating plants.

• Publication date : 2016/03/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Nigeria commissions first hydrocarbon refrigerant plant

According to the Nigerian Guardian, the Nigerian Federal Government, in collaboration with UNDP, has commissioned a pilot hydrocarbon refrigerant plant, in the village of Irolu in Ogun State

• Publication date : 2016/05/04

Applications of artificial intelligence to refrigeration plants

A paper from the IIR TPTPR conference presents the energy performance and maintenance benefits of 19 refrigeration plants using artificial intelligence techniques.

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: Technology

Immersion cooling: a high-performance plant-based fluid

A U.S. food company has created an immersion cooling fluid for data centres made from 90% vegetable oil.

• Publication date : 2022/11/28
• Subjects: Technology

Cuban plant to destroy substances depleting the ozone layer

Cuba will be the first country in Latin America to open a plant meant to destroy CFCs.

• Publication date : 2014/12/03

Arkema announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in China

Arkema, French leading supplier of refrigerants, recently announced the construction of a R1234yf production plant in Changsu (near Shanghai), China.

• Publication date : 2013/12/05

Energy savings in a milk plant through permanent magnet speed motors (en français)

A Belgian milk plant reduces by 18 to 21% the necessary energy for cooling through permanent magnet speed motors. (en français)

• Publication date : 2016/09/09

UK: 50% of refrigeration plant end-users might not comply with F-Gas requirements

Many equipment owners believe that because they have a maintenance contract with an F-gas registered service company, they are fully covered in terms of F-gas compliance.

• Publication date : 2015/11/19
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Changes in the use of cryogenic propellants in space

Near-term exploration beyond low Earth orbit will require the use of cryogenic propellants and in-space cryogenic propellant storage durations will exceed our current capabilities by at least two orders of magnitude. This will require the...

• Publication date : 2012/09/17

Cold storage of evergreen seedlings affected by global warming

Due to global warming, conifer seedlings are more often exposed to desiccation during snow-free winters. Overwinter cold storage allows to improve their survival, provided that...

• Publication date : 2022/05/23
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Use of chillers in cannabis greenhouses

The legalisation of medical cannabis in several states in the US involves the development of new techniques to manage temperatures while reducing production costs.

• Publication date : 2020/02/06

IIR member news: Angelantoni Group

“COLD ENERGY” is an innovative solution to improve energy efficiency both for old and new compression refrigeration systems by transferring a highly efficient automotive technology to enhance energy recovery of heat exchangers.

• Publication date : 2017/01/20

Rankine 2020 conference highlights opportunities and challenges for the future

The IIR Rankine 2020 – Advances in Heating, Cooling and Power Generation conference was organised by the Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) as an ambitious 5-day online event running across July 27-31.  It...

• Publication date : 2020/08/19
• Subjects: Technology

World Refrigeration Day 2020: Highlights

Attracting overwhelming interest from international associations, companies and professionals in the field, discover what initiatives were organised for the second World Refrigeration Day held on June 26,...

• Publication date : 2020/10/07
• Subjects: General information

Highlights: 10th IIR Conference on Compressors and Refrigerants

Catch up on the best moments of the IIR Conference on Compressors 2021, which took place online on January 13, 2021: A key meeting place for specialists in compressor technology!

• Publication date : 2021/01/25
• Subjects: Technology

Highlights: IIR Cold Chain Conference 2020 Welcomed Over 140 Participants

Offering both on site and online access, the 6th IIR Cold Chain conference was the first ever hybrid IIR conference!

• Publication date : 2020/09/03

IIR member news: Nestle invests in ice cream

Nestle S.A. has invested USD 29.1 million to expand its ice cream plant in Egypt.

• Publication date : 2013/11/28

New in our Encyclopedia. Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: General information

News from IIR members: Nestlé

Nestlé's confectionery production facility in Halifax, UK, has implemented an award-winning innovative ammonia heat pump plant to power its operations, cutting costs at the site by over 240 000 € per year. The system, formed by a collaborative...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

News from IIR members: Johnson Controls

Johnson Controls and Princess Noura bint Abdulrahman University are beating the record books with York CYK chillers. To construct what is claimed to be the world's largest chiller plant using air-cooled radiators, Johnson Controls is providing 26...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

IIR Working Party on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems: Join Us!

Suitable design of refrigerating systems has several benefits in terms of limitation of the environmental impact thanks to a reduction in the energy consumption and the limitation of refrigerant emissions. The direct greenhouse effect accounts for...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Valuable publications: Refrigeration Fundamentals

Refrigeration Fundamentals: this IIR course deals with refrigeration fundamentals, components of refrigeration plants, the refrigerants and lubricants used, and control systems. It is an attractive and valuable teaching tool that technicians and...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. The main themes are: design of low-refrigerant charge systems thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. Key themes include: design of low-refrigerant charge systems; thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

IIR events: new IIR working party

A proposal for a new IIR working party will be discussed during the meeting of the Science and Technology Council in August 2007 in Beijing. This working party is to deal with reduction in the refrigerant charge of refrigeration plants through...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

New publications: Ammonia as a Refrigerant

The new version of the IIR's guide Ammonia as a Refrigerant has just been published! It was prepared by Dr A.B. Pearson, member of IIR Commission E1. The overarching aim is to enhance decision-makers', designers', fitters' and end-users' knowledge...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)