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IIR document

Measurements of pρTx and specific heat capacity cv for (R290 + R1243zf) binary mixtures at temperatures from (292 to 350) K and pressures up to 11 MPa.

• Author(s) : SHENG B., DONG X., ZHAO Y., LI Z., YAN H., ZHONG Q., WANG J., GONG M., SHEN J.
• Publication date: 2020/04
• Languages :
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 112
• Formats : PDF

CFD Modeling of Pressure Drop through an OCP Server for Data Center Applications.

Modélisation CFD de la chute de pression dans un serveur OCP pour les applications de centre de données.

• Author(s) : DOGAN A., YILMAZ S., KUZAY M., YILMAZ C., DEMIREL E.
• Publication date: 2022/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 17
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Pressure drop during near-critical-pressure condensation of refrigerant blends.

• Author(s) : ANDRESEN U. C., GARIMELLA S., MITRA B., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 59
• Formats : PDF

RACHP Systems: the pressure equipment (safety) regulations and pressure equipment directive

• Author(s) : IoR
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Formats : PDF, Website

IIR document

Saturation pressure measurements of the new refrigerant HFO1132(E).

• Author(s) : PERERA U., THU K., MIYAZAKI T., SAKODA N., HIGASHI Y.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A small-scale natural gas liquefaction process utilizing the pressure energy of the high-pressure pipelines.

• Author(s) : TAN H., ZHENG J., SUN N., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cryogenic high-pressure thermomechanical pressurizer.

• Author(s) : SYMONENKO I., CHYHRIN A., KOSTENKO Y.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2023. Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Saturated pressure measurements of cis-pentafluoroprop-1-ene (R1225ye(Z)).

• Author(s) : FEDELE L., DI NICOLA G., BROWN J. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic analysis of regenerated air-cycle refrigeration in high and low pressure configuration.

• Author(s) : GIANNETTI N., MILAZZO A.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 40
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Measurements of saturation pressures for the novel refrigerant R1132(E).

• Author(s) : PERERA U., SAKODA N., MIYAZAKI T., THU K., HIGASHI Y.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 135
• Formats : PDF

Modeling of the microbial inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure freezing.

• Author(s) : MARESCA P., FERRARI G.
• Publication date: 2017/03
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 73

IIR document

Effects of temperature and pressure on the surface tension of low viscose lubricants in high pressure atmospheres.

• Author(s) : GÖPFERT T., THOMAS C., HESSE U.
• Publication date: 2017/04/23
• Languages : English
• Source: 5^th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Saturated pressure measurements of cis-pentafluoroprop-1-ene (R1225ye(Z)).

• Author(s) : FEDELE L., DI NICOLA G., BROWN J. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 69
• Formats : PDF

Freezing under pressure: A new method for cryopreservation.

• Author(s) : GREER N.
• Publication date: 2015/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 70 - n. 1

IIR document

Experimental measurements of saturated vapor pressure and gaseous pvT property for 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (HFO-1234yf).

• Author(s) : YIN J., ZHAO G., MA S.
• Publication date: 2019/11
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 107
• Formats : PDF

Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications

An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...

• Publication date : 2021/01/27

Vapour-compression alternatives to serve future HVAC applications

A March 2014 report* prepared for the US Department of Energy by Navigant Consulting identifies and evaluates 17 technologies which could potentially replace traditional vapour-compression technology in residential and commercial HVAC applications

• Publication date : 2014/07/01

Fusion of a boiler and a heat pump into one new system, thanks to thermal compression

Boostheat company has developed a new technology that is claimed to lead to a new generation of very efficient and renewable heating, hot water and cooling systems.

• Publication date : 2015/08/04

Pressure exchanger enhances efficiency of CO2 refrigeration systems

A new pressure exchanger technology, adapted from the desalination industry, offers significant energy efficiency improvements for CO2 refrigeration systems, addressing challenges of high energy...

• Publication date : 2024/12/02

Japan: update of the High Pressure Gas Safety Act

Since July 2017, revisions of this regulation expedite the adoption of alternative refrigerants with lower GWP.

• Publication date : 2018/01/02
• Subjects: Regulation

The benefits of 3D printing in refrigeration and air conditioning

The various applications of 3D printing in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning highlight possible tremendous advantages in terms of energy efficiency and cost minimisation.

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Technology

3D printing for passive buildings

3D printing of buildings, which has advantages in terms of cost and speed of construction, can also facilitate the design of near zero energy buildings. 

• Publication date : 2021/03/29

World’s first 3D printed fully functional air conditioner

Haier Group unveiled the world’s first ever 3D printed fully functional air conditioner.

• Publication date : 2015/06/23

Temperature control and sustainability, the challenges of 3D meat printing

Temperature control is a key factor that still limits the application of 3D printing in the meat industry, according to recent scientific publications. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Technology

Cryogenics and 3D-printing techniques could allow the replication of human tissues

A team of researchers from Imperial College London have developed a new technique which could allow the replication of human brain and lung tissue and regenerate damaged parts.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22

Repealing the Carbon Tax in Australia.

The Australian Government decided to abolish the carbon tax from 1 July 2014.

• Publication date : 2014/07/08
• Subjects: Regulation

US : increasing use of CO2 and propane in commercial refrigeration

As a result of regulations aimed at limiting the use of HFCs, the use of CO2 and propane as refrigerants in supermarkets in the United States is experiencing a steady growth. 

• Publication date : 2022/03/29

CO2 growth figures

The Shecco Guide 2014: Natural Refrigerants Continued Growth & Innovation in Europe shows that to date (2013), there are 2885 CO2 transcritical (TC) systems installed in Europe (3100+ installations worldwide), a significant increase of 117%...

• Publication date : 2014/10/09

Growth in the world heat pump market

The world heat pump market increased 7.2% by volume in 2013 to almost 2 million units.

• Publication date : 2014/09/04
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Penetration of transcritical CO2 continues to increase

In Europe, North America and Japan, the number of transcritical CO2 installations continues to increase significantly in commercial and industrial refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2023/12/18
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

Covering all fields of refrigeration, ICR 2019 is expected to surpass the success of previous congresses, and will be a unique opportunity for researchers and engineers from all over the world to meet, exchange and publish the results of their...

• Publication date : 2018/07/24

Press release: An impressive 1,000 abstracts received for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration

First held in 1908, the International Congress of Refrigeration presented by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is now the world’s leading event for research and industry in the HVACR sector, cryogenics included.

• Publication date : 2018/07/20

IIR member news: Angelantoni Group

“COLD ENERGY” is an innovative solution to improve energy efficiency both for old and new compression refrigeration systems by transferring a highly efficient automotive technology to enhance energy recovery of heat exchangers.

• Publication date : 2017/01/20

Compressors Conference 2023 in London: Register today!

The 13th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems will be held this September in London.

• Publication date : 2023/07/19
• Subjects: Technology

IIR Conference report: Ohrid

The 4th IIR Conference on Ammonia Refrigeration Technology took place in Ohrid, Macedonia (FYROM), on April 14-16, 2011. 111 persons from 33 countries attended. Scientific papers were presented, and policy and regulations issues were covered.

• Publication date : 2011/05/13

Call for abstracts now open! 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants

Prospective authors of papers are encouraged to submit 150-200 word abstracts by September 15, 2021.

• Publication date : 2021/07/08
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Technical visit to the Tokyo fish market

At the ICCC conference last June, attendees had the opportunity to participate in technical visits, including a tour of the Tokyo fish market. Alain Le Bail, President of IIR Commission C2, joined the visit and...

• Publication date : 2024/11/15

New publications

The IIR has issued 3 new publications: - the 20th Informatory Note on Refrigerating Technologies Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature, written by P. Egolf - Chairman of the IIR working party dedicated to this technology - and Ronald...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

New IIR Informatory Note on high-temperature heat pumps

IRR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that high-temperature heat pumps are a key technology in the decarbonisation of process industries. 

• Publication date : 2021/10/22

New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling

The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.

• Publication date : 2021/02/23

Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.

• Publication date : 2021/03/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology

News from IIR members: Air Liquide

Air Liquide and VitalAire are launching a new, personalized support programme for sleep apnoea patients. This disorder affects 1.5 million people in France, and 5% of the world's adult population. Eight out of 10 persons suffering from this...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

New IIR Informatory Note: “Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation”

Learn about the latest advances and the challenges related to these rapidly developing techniques.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

Member news: Efficient Energy has been rewarded for its remarkable growth over the last 4 years

Energy Efficient, an IIR corporate member, ranked third in the latest Deloitte Technology Fast 50 in Germany. This ranking rewards companies based on the percentage increase in their revenue over the last four...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

News from IIR members: Mayekawa

Mayekawa has supplied 6 Pascal Air units to Fukazawa Reizo's refrigerated fish warehouse in Yaizu, Japan. The Pascal Air units were launched recently and comprise a turbo-type expander, a compressor, a primary cooler and a heat recovery heat...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams