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A review of current status of free cooling in datacenters.

• Author(s) : DARAGMEH H. M., WANG C. C.
• Publication date: 2017/03/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 114

Integrated system of mechanical refrigeration and thermosyphon for free cooling of data centers.

• Author(s) : ZHANG H., SHAO S., XU H., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 75

IIR document

Numerical investigation on integrated system of mechanical refrigeration and thermosyphon for free cooling of data centers.

• Author(s) : ZHANG H., SHAO H., XU H., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 60
• Formats : PDF

Experimental and numerical investigation on a CO2 loop thermosyphon for free cooling of data centers.

• Author(s) : ZHANG H., SHI Z., LIU K., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 111

IIR document

Advancements on mechanically driven two-phase cooling loop systems for data center free cooling.

• Author(s) : GONG Y., ZHOU F., MA G., LIU S.
• Publication date: 2022/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 138
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Method for evaluating the energy efficiency of free cooling and refrigerating systems in hydraulically linked circuits.

• Author(s) : WAGNER S. R., HAUSSER S., BECKER M.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Thermal management and energy consumption in air, liquid, and free cooling systems for data centers: a review.

• Author(s) : XU S., ZHANG H., WANG Z.
• Publication date: 2023/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 16 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

A novel natural draft dry cooling system with bilaterally arranged air-cooled heat exchanger.

• Author(s) : KONG Y., WANG W., YANG L., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of thermal Sciences - vol. 112

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Free cooling potential for Brazilian data centers based on approach point methodology.

• Author(s) : AMADO E. A., SCHNEIDER P. S., BRESOLIN C. S.
• Publication date: 2021/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 122
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Possibilities of adapting a free-cooling system in an existing commercial building.

• Author(s) : RABCZAK S., NOWAK K.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 9
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermal performance of a rotary booster driven free-cooling unit for data center.

• Author(s) : XUE L., LI S., MA G., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental investigation and application analysis on an integrated system of free cooling and heat recovery for data centers. 

• Author(s) : DING J., ZHANG H., LENG D., XU H., TIAN C., ZHAI Z.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 136
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Simulation investigation on pre-cooled heat pipe (PCHP) for free cooling of high thermal density space.

• Author(s) : LIU L., ZHANG Q., LING L., MA X.
• Publication date: 2021/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 122
• Formats : PDF

Study on distributed cooling system for data centers.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : TIAN H., LI Z.
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 45 - n. 307
• Formats : PDF

Free cooling for data center.

• Author(s) : KHATTAR M. K.
• Publication date: 2015/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal - vol. 18 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Innovative material for passive cooling and natural lighting

Researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology have developed a polymer-based material that is more transparent to light than regular glass and maintains a comfortable indoor...

• Publication date : 2024/06/10

A review of current status of free cooling in data centres

A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering reviews current status of the free cooling technologies in data centres

• Publication date : 2017/09/19

Facebook profiles cooled down through polar wind (in French)

The cooling of servers which process most of the data published on our walls uses polar wind.

• Publication date : 2016/10/01

An award-winning industrial dairy using an integrated heat pump system

A recent case study examined the energy consumption and system performance of an innovative integrated heat pump system of a dairy located in Norway. This dairy was among the winning projects of the 2019 “Heat...

• Publication date : 2021/03/29
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Launching of the ROCA project for sustainable cooling in francophone African countries

From 2021 to 2024, the ROCA project aims to promote sustainable and energy-efficient cooling in four French-speaking African countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali and Senegal....

• Publication date : 2021/10/04
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

5th generation district heating and cooling networks in Europe

A recent generation of district heating and cooling networks is developing in Europe, using low temperature renewable energy heat sources (such as shallow...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Technology

Sustainable air-conditioning solutions in EU buildings

In a recent briefing note, the European Environment Agency (EEA) discusses sustainable solutions to the growing need for cooling in Europe.

• Publication date : 2022/12/15
• Subjects: General information

Recent geothermal energy-based district cooling projects

In December 2023, district cooling projects using geothermal energy were launched in France and the United Arab Emirates.

• Publication date : 2024/01/25
• Subjects: Technology

Innovative solutions to reduce cooling needs for data centres

As the world’s demand for data continues to expand, the creation of new data centres poses the issue of cooling. Innovative solutions using renewable energy sources and heat recovery are presented...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Technology

Heat pumps : the core technology for sustainable heating

A recent report by the IEA highlights that heat pumps are essential to reducing the use of natural gas for heating, while improving energy security, reducing emissions and ensuring...

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Environment

Maturity level of alternative AC technologies

In a recent review article, the authors assessed air conditioning technologies in Europe according to their Technology Readiness Level (TRL).

• Publication date : 2023/12/29
• Subjects: Technology

IIR Cryogenics 2023 conference: perspectives of cryogenic technologies for 2030

Overview of future technological advances in cryogenics: liquid hydrogen electric aircrafts, cryofuels, hydrogen chemical energy conversion, fuel cells for energy storage, cryogenic rocket engine, quantum and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/27

Cooling the world’s largest supercomputers

Direct liquid cooling is a highly energy-efficient solution for cooling supercomputers capable of performing millions or billions of billions of calculations per second. Here are two examples in the United States and France.

• Publication date : 2019/12/30

European Commission adopts new calculation methodology for renewable cooling

The European Commission has adopted a new calculation methodology in which the renewable share of cooling depends on energy performance. This should serve as an incentive for the...

• Publication date : 2022/01/10
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

Past events: The IIR around the world, August and September 2024

A look back at the IIR’s latest events during conferences (Gustav Lorentzen, Thermag, Compressors) and during sponsored vents (CHPC).

• Publication date : 2024/10/07

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference, June 13-15, 2022: the detailed programme is now available!

The detailed program of the 15th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants is now available online.

• Publication date : 2022/05/16
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Highlights from REFCOLD India 2024

The International Institute of Refrigeration recently participated in REFCOLD India 2024, held from October 3-5 in Kolkata, India. Organised by ISHRAE and Informa Markets, this

• Publication date : 2024/10/30

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives, Technology, Developing country

March 2023: An active communication and awareness campaign for INDEE+

March 2023 was marked by a series of communication events for INDEE+, gathering all project partners and key Indian HVAC&R stakeholders in India.

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Developing country

What’s on the IIR’s 2024 conference calendar?

The IIR calendar for 2024 features a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes such as the cold chain, natural refrigerants, compressor technologies and much more! 

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 3

The IIR concluded another successful side event on natural refrigerants at COP13/MOP36. Today's session brought together a diverse group of government representatives, industry leaders, and environmental experts...

• Publication date : 2024/10/30

Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront

In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2018 attracts its largest number of participants yet

With a focus on natural refrigerants, principally ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the 13th conference in the series attracted the largest number of participants yet, welcoming an impressive 300 individuals from 45 different countries and...

• Publication date : 2018/07/03

Another successful IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference 2016

Dedicated to natural refrigerants, mainly ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, Gustav Lorentzen 2016 was a great success attracting over 270 people and more than 145 papers from leading international researchers and industrialists.

• Publication date : 2016/09/14

Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.

• Publication date : 2021/03/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology

Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.

• Publication date : 2022/08/16
• Subjects: Technology

Now available: ICR2015 congress papers

Following on from the successful IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), the long anticipated papers and proceedings are now available to download in Fridoc.

• Publication date : 2015/12/09

Past events: the IIR worldwide, April 2024

In March and April, the IIR attended Centro Studi Galileo, IIAR, and China Refrigeration conferences. Update on these three events

• Publication date : 2024/04/29

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)