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IIR document
Compact LNG regasification plants and fueling stations.
Boil-off prevention and thermal modelling of LNG fuelling stations.
The multiscale boiling investigation on-board the International Space Station: An overview.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Techno-economic analysis of cold energy recovery in L-CNG stations.
Parametric optimization of LCNG fuelling station using modelling and simulation.
Flexible operation of magnetocaloric heat pump in a natural gas reduction station.
The deployment of a fleet of LNG fuelling stations into the industrial Internet of Things.
Analysis for a safer design of high pressure oxygen pressure reducing stations in steel plants.
Study on thermal performance of micro-channel separate heat pipe for telecommunication stations: experiment and simulation.
Calculation of maximum length of directly-buried cooling pipeline in cooling base station.
[In Chinese. / En chinois.]
Health management system for compressors in hydrogen refueling stations based on non-destructive fault diagnosis method.
An energetical, exergetical and experimental analysis of an absorption-heat exchanger used as transfer sub-station in an already existing district heating grid.
Proposal and design of a natural gas liquefaction process recovering the energy obtained from the pressure reducing stations of high-pressure pipelines.
Ventilation and deodorization system optimization of a wastewater treatment plant.
Recommended by the IIR
Investigation of model predictive control for fifth generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) substations.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
433 results
Briefs: 1905: St Michel station the Parisian Métro
Today, freezing is widely used in tunnel construction. However, it was recent technology in 1905 when line No. 4 of the Parisian Métro system was under construction. This was the first line built under the Seine and the works proved difficult...
Over 700 LNG stations for road transport in Europe
The Natural & bio Gas Vehicle Association (NGVA Europe) has identified 707 LNG stations in Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries.
Over 650 LNG stations for road transport in Europe
The Natural & bio Gas Vehicle Association (NGVA Europe) has identified 664 LNG stations in Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries.
A milestone for road transport: 500 LNG stations in Europe
As of February 2022, the Natural & bio Gas Vehicle Association (NGVA Europe) has identified 500 LNG stations in Europe and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)...
News from the space: ammonia air conditioning for International Space Station
Astronauts from the space shuttle Discovery completed a 6-hour spacewalk outside the International Space Station in September 2009, installing a new ammonia refrigerant tank. They removed an 816 kg ammonia tank from a cargo carrier attached to the...
China: World's largest indoor ski resort applies energy saving measures
Shanghai’s new indoor ski resort relies heavily on refrigeration technologies, including 33 snow-making machines to feed the pistes.
Briefs: Magnetic-levitation bearing system
The world's first large tonnage magnetic-levitation bearing air-cooled chiller for air conditioning is being installed in the American Embassy in Tokyo. The 2520-kW chiller plant consists of 12 MagLev Chiller modules. OBO, which installed it,...
Design and operation of district heating and cooling systems supplied by renewable energy sources
A report published by the European Commission analyses 8 efficient district heating and cooling systems in different Member States.
New Zealand: consultation on future licensing regime for refrigeration technicians
The New Zealand National Committee of the IIR participated in the MBIE consultations in order to seek comments on the proposed refrigeration technicians licensing regime.
Dehydrofreezing of apples
A recent study focuses on a freezing process for partially dehydrated apples.
EU F-gas Consultation Forum: alternatives to fluorinated gases exist for single-split air conditioners
A document published by this forum underlines that it now seems possible to avoid the use of fluorinated gases in new small single split air conditioners by replacing them with propane, unless prohibition...
Heat pump market in the german new residential buildings
According to the German Federal Bureau of Statistics, the share of heat pumps used as primary heating device for newly constructed residential buildings was 32,2% in 2013 - a gain of 2% compared to 2012.
Spacewalkers replace the cooling pumps of the ISS cosmic particle detector
Two astronauts just finished successfully repairing the cooling pumps of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer fitted to the International Space Station.
Innovative system to cool spacecraft on long missions
An innovative cooling system developed by a team of mechanical engineers has proven successful in testing aboard the International Space Station.
IIR news
90 results
Invitation: IIR Seminar on the "Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries"
The IIR is delighted to invite you to the IIR Seminar on the "Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries” and an IIR Working Group meeting on The Cold Chain in Hot Countries.
Your invitation: United Nations Food Systems Summit 2021
The UN has invited the Director General of the IIR to present key data from two of its Informatory Notes during the Food Systems Summit 2021 to take place on September 20.
Invitation to join the IIR working group: Solid-state cooling and heating
Established last year, this latest IIR working group aims to promote international research collaboration to provide energy efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for a variety of solid-state...
The IIR participated in the EC consultation on the F-gas Regulation
In response to the European Commission (EC) consultation, the IIR sent comments on an EC report on the application, effects and adequacy of the F-gas Regulation.
A new version of the ATP Agreement
The new version on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special equipment to be used for such carriage became effective from 30 September 2015. The IIR was involved in this process thanks to its Commission D2...
IIR Sub-Commission D2 CERTE news
A new president and a meeting in Germany for this very active IIR Sub-Commission on test stations (refrigerated transport).
IIR member news: Engie
Engie (formerly GDF SUEZ) LNG Solutions has opened the first Liquefied Natural Gas filling station for trucks at Leeuwarden in the north of the Netherlands.
New IIR Working Groups focus on core matters in refrigeration
IIR Working Groups (WGs) operate on a temporary basis and bring together specialists to work on projects concerning current technological, social or economic issues linked to refrigeration. Their aim is to promote development, provide knowledge...
IIR Working Group publishes Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance
The Guidelines for Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) provide a harmonised method to calculate the LCCP for all types of stationary air conditioning, heat pumping and refrigeration systems.
Commission D2: at the forefront of refrigerated transport
Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission D2 is aimed at promoting knowledge of refrigerated transport technology worldwide.
News from IIR members: Danfoss & LOGSTOR
Danfoss and LOGSTOR establish alliance to market and offer energy-efficient district cooling solutions. They have now joined forces to apply their technologies and expertise in the district cooling sector. Together with selected industry partners...
Briefs: CERTE Sub-Commission meeting
The annual meeting of Sub-Commission (SC) D2 on Refrigerated Transport (CERTE), which took place in Prague, Czech Republic, was the occasion to discuss numerous technical questions on tests. It was decided to enlarge the scope of the SC and...
Obituary: Rui Telmo Nobre
Mr Rui Telmo Nobre was the chairman of the UNECE Working Party on Transport of Perishable Foodstuffs and involved in the work of the IIR CERTE Sub-Commission.
IIR Congress 2023: The programme is now available!
The exciting 5-day programme of the upcoming IIR Congress 2023 includes 600 scientific papers, 1 plenary address, 14 keynote speakers, 21 workshops and 3 technical tours.
Obituary: S. Forbes Pearson
Dr S Forbes Pearson, one of the most famous IIR person, passed away. The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to his family and relatives.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
15 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Events
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Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
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