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  • Cryoextraction techniques for better tasting wine?

    A recent study in Spain suggests that freezing white grapes using low temperatures in the winemaking process, produces wines that are more aromatic than wines produced with traditional...

    • Publication date : 2020/11/27
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  • Prototype wine cooler using magnetic refrigeration

    A prototype wine cooler using magnetocaloric technology was presented at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in January 2015.

    • Publication date : 2015/01/29
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  • Unassuming energy saving device

    The eCube energy saving device is designed to reduce energy consumption by at least 25%. It takes into account product temperatures instead of fluctuating air temperatures in refrigerators, freezes, chillers, coolers, dispensers and cold rooms. It...

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
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  • Energy savings in display cabinets

    Several new developments make it possible to save energy in display cabinets. - Optimizing air curtain velocity A team at the Air Curtain Research Laboratory at Kettering University in Michigan, US, has modellized the air flow in air curtains and...

    • Publication date : 2009/12/09
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  • Pharmaceutical cold chain logistics in Fujian province of China

    According to the Department of Commerce of Fujian Province, current sales of refrigerated medicines in Fujian have exceeded RMB 8 billion (USD 1.2 billion), accounting for 25% of overall drug sales.

    • Publication date : 2016/07/12
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  • Briefs: Lifesaving pocket refrigerator

    During the severe heatwave in Europe in 2003, Uwe Diegel realized that his brother was encountering problems keeping his insulin refrigerated while travelling. So the inventor decided to invent a pocket refrigerator based on the Peltier effect...

    • Publication date : 2011/02/04
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  • Saving the Iberian lynx thanks to cryopreservation

    IZW scientists developed a method for cryopreserving oocytes and embryos of wild cat species.

    • Publication date : 2013/09/23
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  • Cryogenics: Energy Saving for Cryogenic Systems

    The Cryogenics Group in the Accelerator Engineering Department of the Accelerator Division of Thomas Jefferson's National Accelerator Facilities has discovered a way of cutting the energy consumption of the compressors involved in cryocooling. The...

    • Publication date : 2007/05/04
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  • Briefs: Chameleon tiles for energy savings

    It is a well-known fact that dark surfaces absorb the sun's heat, whereas white surfaces reflect it. US Secretary of Energy, Steven Chu, considers that turning all roofs white would eliminate as much greenhouse gas emissions in 20 years as the...

    • Publication date : 2010/03/07
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  • Saving lives using solar refrigerators

    The SolarChill project is providing an environmentally friendly means of refrigerating vaccines and certain drugs. The aim is to replace the 100 000 kerosene refrigerators in use today: these refrigerators emit unpleasant fumes, can catch fire and...

    • Publication date : 2005/10/26
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  • Briefs: Energy-saving Maersk reefers

    Thanks to QUEST (Quality and Energy efficiency in Storage and Transport) software providing a new temperature-control regime based on commodity instead of air temperature, Maersk estimates that the energy consumption used to cool its reefers will...

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
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  • Saving water thanks to air conditioning

    Two Houston Universities are tapping into the city’s air-conditioning (AC) systems to conserve water in the midst of a historic drought.

    • Publication date : 2011/12/13
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  • Briefs: Water savings thanks to hybrid condensers

    Hybrid condensers offer significant water savings versus traditional water-cooled and evaporative condensers. They also make it possible to reduce energy consumption and refrigerant charge. In Australia, where water savings are a major issue since...

    • Publication date : 2007/08/05
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  • Huge energy savings thanks to Mexican standards for domestic fridges

    A recent article by researchers from the Autonomous University of Mexico City presents an assessment of the savings achieved since the introduction of recent national official standards setting maximum energy use caps. This paper can be downloaded...

    • Publication date : 2013/03/07
    • Subjects: Regulation
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  • Phase-change materials result in huge cost savings

    Phase-change materials (PCMs) are being used in a new building for the molecular engineering department of the University of Washington, in Seattle. The 7150 m² building has PCMs encapsulated in its wall and ceiling panels, and the expectation is...

    • Publication date : 2012/08/14
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  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
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  • Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

    This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

    • Last update : 2022/11/17
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
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  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
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  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

    Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

    • Last update : 2023/09/15
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : HFCs
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  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
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  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
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  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
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  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
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  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
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  • Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

    Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

    • Last update : 2023/01/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Fruit, Vegetables
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  • For IIR members only

    Global cold storage capacity

    This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

    • Last update : 2021/12/06
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics
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  • For IIR members only

    Heat pump stock in Europe

    This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

    • Last update : 2021/12/14
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO
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See all results in the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration