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Recuperacion de solutos del hielo procedente de un proceso de crioconcentacion de suero lacteo.
Recovery of ice solutes from a whey cryoconcentration process.
Potential of the vacuum-assisted freeze concentration applied to the cheese whey.
Progressive freeze concentration of whey in a pilot plant: process performance.
Physical changes in the structure of ice cream and frozen fruit desserts during storage.
Listeria monocytogenes inhibition by whey protein films and coatings incorporating the lactoperoxidase system.
Growth of Aeromonas hydrophila in the whey cheeses Myzithra, Anthotyros and Manouri during storage at 4 and 12°C.
IIR document
STUDY OF THE USE OF MILK PROTEINS IN FISH GEL PRODUCTS.
Incorporation and survival of probiotic bacteria in whey cheese matrices.
Fermentive activity and storage stability of Kluyveromyces fragilis 2C1 (non-conventional baker's yeast) cultivated on paneer whey permeate.
Functionality of carrageenan in ice cream mix formulations.
Effect of fat replacers and fruit pulp on quality of frozen yoghurt.
THE APPLICATION OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA FOR PSYCHROTROPHIC FLORA GROWTH LIMITATION ON RAW FISH IN COLD STORAGE CONDITIONS.
Thermophysical properties of frozen dairy desserts.
LIGHT CURING OF HERRING FILLETS FOR FREEZING AND FROZEN STORAGE.
Packaging with internal antimicrobial coatings for refrigerated meat products.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
569 results
Briefs: Mahindra introduces Hy-Alfa hydrogen-powered three-wheeler
Three-wheeled vehicles are common on the streets in India. However, these vehicles are generally either human-powered or they run on gasoline, often using highly polluting two-stroke motors. Mahindra, a major vehicle manufacturer in India, has its...
World desiccant wheel market.
A few figures to illustrate the desiccant wheel market.
Refrigerated lockers for fresh food delivered anywhere.
Epta France won the prestigious Janus de l’Industrie French award for the third consecutive time for its innovative #EPTAbricks.
UK: 50% of refrigeration plant end-users might not comply with F-Gas requirements
Many equipment owners believe that because they have a maintenance contract with an F-gas registered service company, they are fully covered in terms of F-gas compliance.
European Commission warns Italy and Malta on F-gas issues
The EC warned Italy and Malta that they could face legal action if they fail to comply with the F-gas regulation.
Recovery and reproduction of tardigrades frozen for over 30 years
Scientists managed to resuscitate tardigrades and have them reproduce although they had been frozen since 1983!
An innovation in thermoregulating clothing
Thermoregulating garments powered by solar energy and bidirectional electrocaloric devices are under development. They are said to be effective for outdoor temperatures of 12.5 to...
Thai frozen food industry
In 1991, frozen food was firstly introduced to Thai consumers whereas they were well known for their taste sensation, reasonable price, safe and cleaning process in 1993.
LED lighting extends the colour shelf life of meat
Researchers from Kansas State University, USA, claim they have proved that the use of LED lights in refrigerated display cabinets can improve the shelf life of fresh meat.
Vokswagen to use CO2 as a refrigerant in its electric vehicle air conditioning systems
The Volkswagen Group announced that they will develop a CO2 air conditioner system for a series of new electric cars to be produced from the end of 2019.
Use of ejectors for performance improvement in CO2 commercial refrigeration systems
Expansion work recovery by means of a two-phase ejector is an attractive option for improving the efficiency of CO2 commercial refrigeration systems. Transcritical CO2 systems have relatively large throttling loss, meaning that they offer the...
“Soft chill” technology improves temperature control for food processors
A new way of using liquid nitrogen to control the temperature of foods while they are being processed will improve quality, even when used with the most heat-sensitive or reactive foods, according to Air Products.
An American study tries to identify the best candidates to replace HFC refrigerants in air conditioning.
27 suitably-efficient fluids were found to replace HFCs in air-conditioning systems. However, they all are at least slightly flammable.
Refrigerated transport: R452A as a “drop-in” alternative to R404A
Two major transport refrigeration companies recently announced they will offer R452A as an alternative to R404A in their transport refrigeration units.
US researchers create film with cool benefits.
US researchers have developed a metamaterial they say could be used to help cool buildings without the use of energy or water.
IIR news
129 results
IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration
Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...
Annual IIR statutory meetings
The annual IIR statutory meetings took place between June 13 and 15, 2018 in Paris. They were held at La Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, where the attendees could visit the international exhibition on refrigeration.
We are hiring a techical project manager
The IIR is involved in diverse projects supporting academia and countries. The candidate will support the IIR projects department, and will develop and secure new projects for the IIR and ensure that they are...
Purdue conferences
The Purdue Conferences, co-sponsored by the IIR, took place on July 9-12, 2018. As successful as the previous editions, they gathered 800 attendees.
World Refrigeration Day 2020: Highlights
Attracting overwhelming interest from international associations, companies and professionals in the field, discover what initiatives were organised for the second World Refrigeration Day held on June 26,...
Participation of the IIR at COP-10
On December 6-18, 2004, over 6100 participants from 169 countries attended the 10th Conference of the Parties (COP-10) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) held at the Rural Exhibition Center in Buenos Aires ,...
The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR)
The IJR is the most important scientific journal in the field of refrigeration technology. It is a co-publication of Elsevier and the IIR. Eight issues are published each year, with over 15 articles per issue. Certain issues are totally or...
IIR Working Parties
The IIR has 10 commissions: Cryophysics, cryoegineering (A1); Liquefaction and separation of gases (A2); Thermodynamics and transfer processes(B1); Refrigerating equipment (B2); Cryobiology, cryomedicine (C1); Food science and engineering (C2);...
Meeting: UNEP
Didier Coulomb and Daniel Viard, Deputy Director, met Rajendra Shende, Head of the Energy and OzonAction Branch of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), on April 6, 2005. They particularly exchanged ideas on the future of refrigerants...
News from IIR members: Danfoss & LOGSTOR
Danfoss and LOGSTOR establish alliance to market and offer energy-efficient district cooling solutions. They have now joined forces to apply their technologies and expertise in the district cooling sector. Together with selected industry partners...
New publications: The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences
The CD-ROM proceedings of the Vicenza IIR Conferences on 1) Commercial Refrigeration and 2) Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants are on sale. They comprise 134 papers. Main topics: 1) display cabinets, energy simulation...
New publications: The CD-ROM proceedings of the 1st IIR International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature
The CD-ROM proceedings of the 1st IIR International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature held in Montreux, Switzerland, are now available. They comprise 4 keynote presentations, 20 papers on materials (gadolinium and its...
News from IIR members: Freezcube
FreezCube, developed by Playcube, corporate member of the IIR based in France, has been awarded the Gold Medal at Concours Lépine 2010. FreezCube is a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods...
Briefs: Philippe Lebrun is “Engineer of the Year”
Philippe Lebrun, a member of the Management Committee of the IIR and Head of Section A of the IIR (Cryology and Gas Processing), was awarded the "Prix Ingénieur de l'Année 2010" in the "Science" category, by the French magazine Usine...
IIR Working Party on “Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain”
The Terms of Reference of the new IIR Working Party (WP) "Energy labelling in the cold chain" have been approved. The main objective of this WP - chaired by Prof. Giovanni Cortella, Italy, and involving Commissions D1 and D2 - is to investigate...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
16 results
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Events
1 result
Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Submit your abstract by 29 May...
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