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Performance modeling and analysis of a thermoelectric building envelope for space heating.
Thermoelectric building envelope: material characterization, modeling, and experimental performance evaluation.
Numerical analysis of buoyancy effect and heat transfer enhancement in flow of supercritical water through internally ribbed tubes.
IIR document
Experimental study on two-stage ejector refrigeration system driven by two heat sources.
Effect of metal particles on promoting the nucleation of tetra-n-butylammonium semiclathrate hydrate.
Study on TBAB hydrate nucleating activity of electrode products due to DC voltage application.
TBAB hydrate slurry based latent heat thermal storage system.
Improving heat pump system performance using a novel frost/defrost model.
Energy-saving potential study on telecommunication base station free cooling with a thermosyphon heat exchanger in China.
Granular filtration for airborne nanoparticles.
Carbon dioxide refrigeration system.
Keeping cool in Iraq.
Solid fraction determination in cold storage by tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide clathrate hydrate slurry.
Thermal properties of CO2 hydrate in the presence of TBAB.
Performance optimization of an adsorption chiller: cycle time and duration of isobaric phases.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1574 results
Bradbury in split condition
Australian Winter Olympic gold medallist speed skater Steven Bradbury is trying his hand at HVAC. Retired from the sporting arena as the first Australian to take home gold in the Winter Olympics, he set up ASG AIR 18 months ago with two friends to...
Ambient beer cooler cuts energy bills
A new ambient beer cooler, using free cooling when available, could save 40% of energy costs.
GL2024: Improving the performance of R744-refrigeration systems at high ambient temperatures
A paper presented during the 16th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants proposes improving the performance of R744 refrigeration systems in transcritical operation using low-charge R290...
UNIDO project to help green Gambia’s refrigeration and air-conditioning sector
The Gambia and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) will implement a demonstration project to reduce greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances in the country's refrigeration and air-conditioning sector.
The most ambitious energy efficiency standards compared
The CLASP compared MEPS requirements across ten of the world’s most carbon-intensive economies.
China sets ambitious emission cuts for HFCs
China announced a short-term target for reducing emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) by the equivalent of 0.28 billion tonnes of CO2 by 2015 – similar to the annual CO2 emissions of Spain.
R410A/R22 alternatives for AC in high-ambient temperature environments: R32 and R290
The final US Oak Ridge National Laboratory report – presented during MOP27 in Dubaï – compares the performance of low-GWP alternative refrigerants to HFC R410A in mini-split air conditioners (ACs) under high-ambient-temperature conditions.
Latin America and the Caribbean: implementing efficiency policies to curb dumping of inefficient air conditioners
According to a report published by the CLASP, 44% of all new air conditioners sold in eleven countries in Latin America and the Caribbean constitute environmental dumping of low efficiency equipment. However,...
Alternative low-GWP refrigerants for transport refrigeration.
Summary of a paper presented during the 12th IIR Gustave Lorentzen conference on Natural refrigerant, available in Fridoc.
Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning
A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning.
IJR highlights: review of low-GWP alternative refrigerants
In a recent review article based on over 60 published studies and published in the International Journal of Refrigeration, Chinese researchers have compared nearly 40 alternative low-GWP refrigerants in terms of...
New low-GWP refrigerants popping up
Asahi Glass and DuPont recently announced the development of new low-GWP alternative refrigerants.
Low GWP refrigerants for Olympic ice rinks in China
For the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Beijing, nine ice rinks are used. five use CO2 as a refrigerant, and four use R449A.
Latest progress in the Caribbean Cooling Initiative
Jamaica and the Dominican Republic are working towards setting up policies and minimum energy efficiency requirements to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions from cooling.
UK: low-charge ammonia frozen food storage
The refrigerant charge on previous ammonia plant which was an estimated 5,000 kg has been reduced to just 188 kg
IIR news
457 results
Epta introduces new ‘Alba’ refrigeration units featuring optimized airflow and R290 technology
The development of a new technical configuration within refrigeration display units has led to improved energy efficiency through optimised air flow.
Conference update: Cambridge
The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain will take place on March 29-31, 2010 in Cambridge, UK. Present a paper, check out pre-registration and keep updated on themes and short courses:
The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain is to be held on March 29-31, 2010. The conference, which will attract an international audience of researchers and industrialists, will bring together those with an...
IIR committees meetings in Cambridge
The Management Committee of the IIR met in Cambridge (UK) on March 19, 2005. It was invited by the UK Institute of Refrigeration and Cambridge Refrigeration Technology (CRT), thanks to Robert Heap. The main points discussed during were: - the...
The Norwegian Royal Ambassy visit to INDEE+ educational unit in IIT Madras
To acknowledge the efforts of INDEE+, the Norwegian Ambassador Hans Jacob Frydenlund, Arvind Gopinath (Honorary Consul), Ms. Marit Marie Strand (Advisor), Mr. Vivek (Senior Advisor) and other team members...
The IIR at ESEF 2025 in the Gambia
For the third time this year, the IIR took part in the successful 10th edition of the ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum (ESEF 2025) at the Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara International Conference Center, marking not only...
A renewed board and ambition for the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF)
Gérald Cavalier, Director of Cemafroid, took over from Patrick Antoine as head of this century old association
Join our training course and officially become a new Ambassador for clean cooling and heating!
Experts and representatives from three sister projects in different regions of the world: ENOUGH in Europe, INDEE+ in India and ACES in Africa are arranging a free one-hour training course on clean cooling and...
New IIR Informatory Note. Low-GWP Refrigerants: Status and Outlook
The latest IIR Informatory Note outlines the options available for low-GWP refrigerants and their respective performance. It provides a series of recommendations on refrigerant...
Submit your abstracts to the 3rd IIR Conference on HFO Refrigerants and Low GWP Blends
To be organised by the Chinese Association of Refrigeration (CAR), the call for abstracts for the 2023 IIR Conference on HFOs has now been launched. Submit...
REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!
Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...
The 2025 Conference on Low-Emission Refrigeration and Refrigerant Substitution Held Successfully in Foshan, Guangdong
From 26 to 28 October 2025, the Conference on Low-Emission Refrigeration and Refrigerant Substitution was successfully held in Foshan, Guangdong.
Daikin launches educational initiative on next-generation refrigerants
Daikin Comfort Technologies partners with the ESCO Institute to prepare the HVAC industry for the use of low global warming potential refrigerants.
The Mostra Convegno exhibition
In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Events
11 results
IIR event
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
Register...
Find out more
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Sponsored event
21st International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue
July 12, 2026 - July 16, 2026
West Lafayette, IN, United States
A conference co-sponsored by the IIR Since 1972, Herrick Labs has hosted the premier international conferences on Compressor Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, and...
9th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Currently accepting full papers! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for...
28th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue
2026 China International Heat Pump Conference
October 13, 2026 - October 17, 2026
Shanghai, China
Following the resounding success of the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference (CHPC 2024) in Shenzhen, which gathered over 850 experts and delegates from 33 countries & regions, the upcoming 3rd CHPC in 2026 is poised to further expand its global...
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
19th IIR Conference on Cryogenics
April 26, 2027 - April 30, 2027
Dresden, Germany
The 19th CRYOGENICS 2027 continues in the series of conferences held every two years. The conference will deal with new challenges of the equipment and technologies with temperatures below 120 K (-153°C), as well as with other...
