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IIR document
Comparison of the performance of propane (R290) and propene (R1270) as alternative refrigerants for cooling during expansion in a helical capillary tube: A CFD-based insight investigation.
Bose-Einstein condensation of exciton polaritons.
Bose-Einstein condensation of quasi-equilibrium magnons at room temperature under pumping conditions.
The alternating- and direct-current Josephson effects in a Bose-Einstein condensate.
A superfluid is born.
Magnetic trapping of rare-earth atoms at millikelvin temperatures.
Some like it cold.
Exergy maximization of cascade refrigeration cycles and its numerical verification for a transcritical CO2-C3H8 system.
Quasiparticle breakdown in a quantum spin liquid.
STUDIES ON FREEZING AND FREEZE-DRYING OF FOOD PRODUCTS FOR CONSUMER MARKETING.
STUDY ON STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS USING CONTROLLED/MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE.
STUDIES ON TECHNO-ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF LIQUID NITROGEN FREEZING OF PRAWN IN INDIA IN A MODEL SYSTEM.
Sideband cooling of micromechanical motion to the quantum ground state.
STUDIES ON CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE STORAGE FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES.
Comparison of the conventional and the magnetic refrigeration techniques for the production of liquid hydrogen.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
708 results
A Listeria monocytogenes biosensor based on gold nanoparticles
The innovation is an inexpensive, portable, disposable enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay-based biosensing strip that detects L. monocytogenes theough gold particle-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes.
Fuel-cell-based system for refrigerated transport
According to researchers* from the National Renewable Energy Centre in Sarriguren, Spain, hydrogen fuel cells could offer a solution for refrigerated transport.
New hydrocarbon-based refrigerant option for replacing R22
RED TEK® 22a, a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant from Thermofluid Technologies, is a blend of environmentally safe hydrocarbon fluids designed as a direct replacement and retrofit refrigerant option for replacing R22 refrigerants in commercial...
Dalian builds China’s first CO2/NH3 cascade cold storage logistics base
China is building the largest cold storage logistics base for aquatic products in Dalian, Northeast China. The 200 000-tonne, RMB 1 billion (roughly 128 million €) cold store is said to be the first large-scale cold storage logistics base adopting...
Briefs: Development of liquid-ammonia-based CO2 capture is pacing up
Alstom, EPRI and We Energies are launching a pilot project in the United States, using a chilled liquid-ammonia-based solution in order to capture the CO2 rejected by coal-powered power plants. The system captures the gas before isolating it at...
PCM2016 conference: TBAB hydrate slurry based latent heat thermal storage system
Combining latent heat thermal storage with night time generation of TBAB hydrate slurry can significantly reduce the investment cost of systems for cooling purposes.
Carbon capture on board LNG-fuelled ships
A project involving science and industry partners has received EU funding to accelerate the uptake of ship-based carbon capture on LNG-fuelled ships.
First zero carbon building in Hong Kong
In order to set an example, Hong-Kong’s Construction Industry Council commissioned its first Zero Carbon Building (ZCB). A ZCB goes beyond the common definition of zero energy buildings (ZEB) producing on-site renewable energy and exporting part...
Abolition of the carbon tax in Australia.
The Australian Government has abolished carbon tax, with effect from July 1, 2014.
Cryogenic distillation: a promising technology for carbon capture
Cryogenic distillation is subject to intense R&D works for CO2 capture in CCS facilities. A plant using this technology is under construction in China.
Repealing the Carbon Tax in Australia.
The Australian Government decided to abolish the carbon tax from 1 July 2014.
Net zero: some initiatives in the field of refrigeration
As part of the Race to Zero campaign launched by the UNFCCC, two initiatives on refrigeration have recently been promoted.
Crystalline silicon solar cells efficiency
A study published in Nature Energy indicates that solar cell technology continues to develop and may rival energy produced by fossil fuels.
CO2, one of the options for reducing the carbon footprint of refrigerated transport
Comparison of CO2 emissions from refrigerated transport units using R744 and HFC-134a and overview of solutions that could reduce the carbon footprint of this sector.
CO2-based car air conditioning more efficient?
The prototype of a car operating with a CO2-based air conditioning system is claimed to be operating more efficiently than current models running with R134a.
IIR news
250 results
CYTEF 2012 proceedings in Fridoc database!
The IIR has added to Fridoc the proceedings of CYTEF 2012 (VI Congreso Ibérico y IV Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío) organized by the Sociedad Española de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío in February 2012 to Fridoc.
Are you familiar with Fridoc, the IIR’s database?
Readers of the paper Bulletin (or the e-Bulletin) of the IIR are regularly informed on the latest articles and publications in all refrigeration fields, thanks to the Abstracts section. Fridoc now contains over 81 500 references to articles and...
FRIDOC: The most comprehensive refrigeration database in the world!
With more than 109,000 indexed resources, FRIDOC is the world’s most comprehensive database dedicated to refrigeration information. Discover the latest improvements!
Fridoc: the most comprehensive refrigeration database in the world
Fridoc contains documents written in 36 languages by over 80,000 authors from 93 countries.
Publish your PhD thesis dedicated to refrigeration in the IIR Fridoc database
The IIR references and makes available in open access on its website, PhD theses dedicated to refrigeration. Your thesis, your database.
Press release: Publish your PhD thesis dedicated to refrigeration in the International Institute of Refrigeration Fridoc database
The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) references and makes available in open access on its website, PhD theses dedicated to refrigeration.
European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations
The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target.
The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons
The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna
New IIR Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain
The IIR has just issued a new Informatory Note on the carbon footprint of the cold chain. It highlights the food safety and environmental benefits of an improved global cold chain.
ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050
The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.
The “Carbon reduction opportunities for the food chain” workshop at ICCC 2022
The workshop was focused on the solutions brought by the EU project ENOUGH to reduce emissions from the food sector as set by the EU farm to fork strategy. A panel discussion was also held during the event...
STEF-TFE opens largest cold store in Madrid
New site cuts energy consumption by 15% with innovative energy storage system during off-peak hours
Share your thesis with the international refrigeration community : publish it in FRIDOC !
To increase the visibility of your thesis, publish it in FRIDOC: the most comprehensive database dedicated to refrigeration information in the world!
Now it’s even easier to find your thesis in FRIDOC!
To increase the visibility of your thesis, publish it in FRIDOC. The comprehensive database dedicated to refrigeration information now comprises nearly 300 theses from across the globe.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
16 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
