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Controlling the cold-water temperature at the outlet of an adsorption refrigerator driven by exhaust heat.

• Author(s) : MATSUDA Y., KOGANEI M., KUWAHARA R., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/08/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold water, Temperature, Refrigerator, Adsorption, Expérimentation, Condenser
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference, ISHPC 2017, Tokyo august 7-10.

IIR document

Stirling cycle for hot and cold drinking water dispenser.

• Author(s) : GADELKAREEM T. M., ELDEINHUSSIN A. M. T. A., HENNES G. M., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Household application, Hot water, Cold water, Refrigerator, Stirling, Heat pump, Modelling, COP
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 99
• Formats : PDF

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Cold Water Phase-Change Heat Exchangers under Active Icing Conditions.

• Author(s) : LIU C., WU R., YU H., ZHAN H., XU L.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Cold climate, Cold water, Change of phase, Heat exchanger, Heat transfer, Simulation, Modelling
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 19
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental study on the performance of R290 air-water heat pump with vapor injection for cold regions.

• Author(s) : LEI B., SHI H., WANG C., WU J., ZHANG L.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, R290, Propane, Expérimentation, Optimization, R410A, COP, Performance, Air-water, Air-source system, Comparison, Natural refrigerant, Cold climate
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Comparison of two indirect cooling processes to produce cold water.

• Author(s) : JIANG Y., XIE X.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Comparison, Temperature, Water chiller, Performance, Indirect system, Evaporative system, Testing, Chilled water
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Cellulose-pad water cooling system with cold storage.

• Author(s) : HOU T. F., HSIEH Y. Y., LIN T. L., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cellulose, Cooling tower, Design, Evaporative system, COP, Water, Thermal energy storage
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 69
• Formats : PDF

On the development of a technological solution for long-term preservation of the commercial qualities in live oysters.

• Author(s) : GARCÍA M. A., SILVEIRA N. Jr., MENDES L. A., CORDEIRO MENDONCA K.
• Publication date: 2022/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Brazil, Expérimentation, Cold water, Tank, Containment
• Source: XI Congreso Ibérico y IX Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, CYTEF 2022.
• Formats : PDF

Liquefied Natural Gas Cold Energy Utilization for Land-Based Cold Water Fish Aquaculture in South Korea.

• Author(s) : BAEK S., CHOI W., KIM G., SEO J., LEE S., JEONG H., SUNG Y.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Source: Energies - vol. 15 - n. 19
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental study of water drop freezing process on cryogenic cold surface.

• Author(s) : YU F., LIU Z., LI Y., WANG Z.
• Publication date: 2023/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 150
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermophysical properties of water-based carbon nanotubes nanofluid as cold storage media.

• Author(s) : XING M., WANG R.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

From lumped to full scale modeling approach: on the use of computational fluid dynamics to model heat and mass transfer processes in water cooled evaporator.

• Author(s) : FAYSSAL I., MOUKALLED F.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Cold water, CFD, Mass transfer, Heat transfer, Simulation, Evaporator
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A lattice Boltzmann model for solidification of water droplet on cold flat plate.

• Author(s) : SUN J., GONG J., LI G.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Training, Frost, Solidification, Flat plate, Model, Droplet, Water
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 59
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy recovering using greywater as cold body in a CO2 heat pump water heater.

• Author(s) : ILLÁN GÓMEZ F., GARCÍA-CASCALES J. R., LÓPEZ BELCHÍ A.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Water heater, Hot water, Energy balance, R744, Heat pump, Modelling, Expérimentation, CO2
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Changes in the content of water-soluble vitamins in Actinidia chinensis during cold storage.

• Author(s) : ZHU X. B., PAN L., WEI W., et al.
• Publication date: 2016
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Vitamin C, Expérimentation, Cold storage, Kiwifruit
• Source: Journal of the Serbian chemical Society - vol. 81 - n. 6

IIR document

Experimental study on the freezing process of a supercooled horizontal water bridge between cold fins.

• Author(s) : WU X., GONG J., JIN L., HOU J., LIU G.
• Publication date: 2023/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Expérimentation, Freezing, Nucleation, Interface, Ice, Water, Finned tube
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 145
• Formats : PDF

An air conditioning system using cold ocean water in Mauritius

The Indian Ocean island of Mauritius has obtained a grant to install an air conditioning system for the inhabitants of its capital, Port Louis, which will use cold ocean water.

• Publication date : 2014/02/23

Evaporative cooling: continuation of the Cold-Snap project at Harvard University

Tests show that Cold-Snap evaporative cooling technology would be effective in humid climates, while limiting water consumption.

• Publication date : 2022/09/28

World’s largest seawater air-conditioning system commissioned in Tahiti

Thanks to this system, the cold waters of the deep will cool the French Polynesia Hospital Center, saving at least 2.5 million euros of electricity per year. 

• Publication date : 2021/11/29
• Subjects: Technology

A seawater district cooling system in the Caribbean.

A study by Makai Ocean Engineering analyzed the feasibility of using cold deep seawater for a district cooling system in the Caribbean.

• Publication date : 2015/10/13

Seawater for district cooling in tropical coastal areas

A recent study explored the pros and cons of using deep cold seawater as an alternative cooling solution in tropical coastal regions.

• Publication date : 2020/12/21
• Subjects: Technology

Mele Kaliki Cool!

An USD 3-4 million dollar deep-seawater cooling system is to form part of a USD 100 million redevelopment project underway in Hawaii to meet the island's air-conditioning requirements. The system, to be designed by the Honolulu Board of Water...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

R&D

The US Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has developed a new air-conditioning system combining membranes, evaporative coolers and desiccants into a single device with the objective to suit to all climates,...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

The Cold Hard Facts 2022 report presents the main figures for refrigeration in Australia

According to the latest Cold Hard Facts 2022 report published earlier this year, transition to low GWP refrigerants slowed down in Australia in 2021, and equipment sales increased...

• Publication date : 2023/04/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Underground river to cool the London tube

The "Cooling the Tube" competition in 2003, promising GBP 100 000 to those finding a workable solution to cool the Tube, received 3400 entries. Modern systems with large tunnels and surface lines can be cooled using air-cooling systems. However,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Ice Gurus

Ice tailoring appears to be the new Olympic challenge. Ice must be tailored to each athlete's needs, e.g. long-track speed skaters prefer a surface as low as -7 to -8°C, whilst figure skaters need to dig their skates into the ice in order to pull...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

Ice storage

Ice storage is not only beneficial in economic terms, it is also energy-saving, noise-free and helps extend the life of the systems. It consists in keeping a certain amount of ice, as a way of storing "cold", in order to use it later. It was...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Energy saving initiatives for cooling in data centres

In January 2021, Europe’s leading cloud and data centre operators signed the Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact, a self-regulatory initiative to become climate neutral by 2030. According to recent studies, free...

• Publication date : 2021/02/25
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

LNG cold energy recovery for salmon aquaculture

A team of Korean researchersis proposing a novel application of LNG cold energy recovery for aquaculture. 

• Publication date : 2023/02/20
• Subjects: Technology

Residential CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating

This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sep. 2004). A theoretical and experimental study was carried out for a residential brine-to-water CO2 heat pump system for combined space heating and hot water heating - a...

• Publication date : 2004/11/24

Briefs: Sustainable fishery in Namibia

Since November 2009, Hangana Seafood has a new pre-sorting facility in Walvis Bay harbour, Namibia, which uses ammonia as a refrigerant. The 2800 m² sorting facility has a 0°C chill room for holding unsorted fish, two 16°C temperature-controlled...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

The IIR with the World Bank in West Bengal

The IIR is a key partner in the World Bank’s project on the Inland Waterways Transport (IWT) integration into the cold chain in West Bengal 

• Publication date : 2021/09/07

Conference update: Ohrid

The 3rd IIR event in a series, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology was held on May 7-9, 2009, in Ohrid, Macedonia. With 95 participants from 24 countries and 32 papers presented, the event was very successful. A key focus of this series of...

• Publication date : 2009/05/27

Member news: Efficient Energy has been rewarded for its remarkable growth over the last 4 years

Energy Efficient, an IIR corporate member, ranked third in the latest Deloitte Technology Fast 50 in Germany. This ranking rewards companies based on the percentage increase in their revenue over the last four...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Statement given by Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, during COP 26

Statement Given by the Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) during the 26th Conference of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 26) in...

• Publication date : 2021/11/15
• Subjects: Environment

ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”

The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

How to adapt in a world at 50°C? Learn more at the IMechE conference this September

On September 6-8, 2023, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) will host its 1st International Conference and Workshop on Climate Adaptation and Resilience in London.

• Publication date : 2023/09/05
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

Member news: Mirai Intex releases new high capacity ultra-low temperature refrigeration system

Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, has released a new ultra-low temperature (ULT) system based on air-cycle technology, offering high cooling capacity.

• Publication date : 2021/03/09
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Technology

New IIR Informatory Note on thermal energy storage systems

IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that a well-designed TES system can reduce energy consumption through more efficient equipment operation and lower investment costs, thus reducing the equipment...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

IIR partnership in two new EU-funded projects: SophiA and ENOUGH

In October, the IIR participated in two kick-off meetings of newly granted European projects SophiA and ENOUGH, which officially started on October 1, 2021. Both projects are funded by the European Union’s...

• Publication date : 2021/10/28

The IIR around the world: October 2023

A look back at the IIR's latest events at Refcold in India, the ESEF forum in Praia, Cabo Verde, and the SIFA trade fair in France. 

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

Latest news from B-Medical Systems, Epta and GEA, three IIR corporate members

B Medical Systems, a global leader in the vaccine cold chain, is expanding its production capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Epta monitors R290 fridges in cashier-free store in Dubai and GEA provides a...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

Another successful IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference 2016

Dedicated to natural refrigerants, mainly ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, Gustav Lorentzen 2016 was a great success attracting over 270 people and more than 145 papers from leading international researchers and industrialists.

• Publication date : 2016/09/14

The Congress in Yokohama: a great success!

In Yokohama, the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), a huge milestone in the refrigeration sector, saw a massive amount of information disseminated and certainly lived up to expectations with almost 1,200 conference delegates, 143...

• Publication date : 2015/09/16

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers