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IIR document

Sleeping evaporator and refrigerant maldistribution: An experimental investigation in an automotive multi-evaporator air-conditioning and battery cooling system.

• Author(s) : GILLET T., ANDRES E., EL-BAKKALI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 90
• Formats : PDF

Inactivation of Anisakis larvae in salt-fermented squid and pollock tripe by freezing, salting, and combined treatment with chlorine and ultrasound.

• Author(s) : OH S. R., ZHANG C. Y., KIM T. I., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 40

Cryopreservation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa: Effect of dilution ratio, foetal bovine serum supplementation, and cryoprotectants.

• Author(s) : MARCO-JIMÉNEZ F., GARZÓN D. L., PEÑARANDA D. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2006/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sperm, Eel, Cryoprotectant, Cryopreservation, Cryofreezing
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 53 - n. 1

Study of stability of frozen hot smoked fish during cold storage.

[In Russian. / En russe.]

• Author(s) : TCHERNEGA O. P., SEMENOV B. N.
• Publication date: 2007
• Languages : Russian
• Keywords : Eel, Carp, Microbiology, Liquid nitrogen, Trout, Quality, Fish, Cold storage, Freezing, Smoking
• Source: Vestnik Mezdunarodarnoj Akademii Holoda - n. 1

IIR document

Comparative investigations on different methods for stunning fish with special regard to meat quality parameters.

• Author(s) : MARX H., BRUNNER B., WEINZIERL W., HOFFMANN R., STOLLE A.
• Publication date: 1996/03/20
• Languages : English
• Source: Refrigeration and Aquaculture.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

MODIFICATION OF GEL STRENGTH DURING STORAGE OF GELS MADE FROM ALASKA POLLACK SURIMI.

• Author(s) : ALVAREZ C.
• Publication date: 1990/09/18
• Languages : English
• Source: Chilling and Freezing of New Fish Products.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Vapour–liquid equilibrium of binary systems containing pentafluorochemicals from 363 to 413 K: measurement and modelling with Peng–Robinson and three SAFT-like equations of states.

• Author(s) : AHMAR E. el, VALTZ A., PARICAUD P., et al.
• Publication date: 2012/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 35 - n. 8
• Formats : PDF

Global retail markets feeling the bulge

According to IGD, a market research distributor, China is set to be the world's second largest food retail market by 2020, an increase driven by the increased spending power and changes in eating habits of the 1.3 billion population. China is fast...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Briefs: Mahindra introduces Hy-Alfa hydrogen-powered three-wheeler

Three-wheeled vehicles are common on the streets in India. However, these vehicles are generally either human-powered or they run on gasoline, often using highly polluting two-stroke motors. Mahindra, a major vehicle manufacturer in India, has its...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Smart refrigerated display cabinet collects real-time data.

The "Fresh-Cut" refrigerated display cabinet is a "smart" piece of equipment that records and transmits real-time data on the condition of goods on-shelf.

• Publication date : 2021/03/26
• Subjects: General information, Technology

World desiccant wheel market.

A few figures to illustrate the desiccant wheel market.

• Publication date : 2017/01/31

Real-time savings in buildings HVAC consumption

HVAC energy costs reductions by 25% are possible thanks to a software that automatically makes real-time adjustments to buildings control.

• Publication date : 2014/04/22

Novel energy-saving cryogenic equipment for walnut kernel peeling

In a recent study, a prototype cryogenic equipment was designed to peel walnut kernel more efficiently than by immersion in liquid nitrogen. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/28
• Subjects: Technology

Israel: new pre-cooling system for cherries

Mobile pre-cooling system can help preserve fruit quality straight after harvest

• Publication date : 2012/08/24

Israel has launched a programme to replace 10 000 inefficient air conditioners

In Israel, the Energy and Water Ministry launched in March 2012 a programme to replace 10 000 air conditioners, aiming to provide energy savings of 17 million kWh per year.

• Publication date : 2012/08/08
• Subjects: Regulation

US and Canada: home appliance industry sets goal to eliminate use of HFCs

The home appliance manufacturing industry in the US and Canada has announced their goal to voluntarily phase down the use of HFC refrigerants used in household refrigerators and freezers after 2024.

• Publication date : 2016/06/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

HFC phase down talks at MOP-25 in Bangkok

The phase down of HFC production and use was the focal point of discussions during the 25th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-25).

• Publication date : 2013/10/25
• Subjects: Regulation

Brazilian government outlines measures to reduce electricity consumption

Owing to severe droughts affecting hydropower generation, the Brazilian government is imposing measures to reduce electricity consumption in public buildings, including limiting the...

• Publication date : 2021/09/27
• Subjects: Regulation, Developing country

HCFC phase-out and HFC phase-down discussed by African Ozone Officers (en anglais)

At the end of March 2017, fifty National Ozone Officers met in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to review challenges related to the phase-out of HCFCs and the phase-down of HFCs.

• Publication date : 2017/04/06
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation, Developing country

New HCFC phase-out guides by UNEP

UNEP has produced two guides to assist developing countries in their phase-out of HCFC.

• Publication date : 2015/04/23
• Subjects: Regulation

EPA finalizes R22 phaseout plan

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced a final phase down schedule regarding production and importation of HCFC-22 refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2015/03/18
• Subjects: Regulation

France: refrigeration (excluding air conditioning) accounts for almost 11% of electricity consumption

According to the CEREN, energy production in the refrigeration sector accounts for 52 TWh in total annual electric energy consumption:

• Publication date : 2014/01/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Now freely accessible: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration

Now available in 11 languages, the complete version of the IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is freely accessible online!

• Publication date : 2018/01/31

Press release: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online

Available in 11 languages, the complete version of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online.

• Publication date : 2018/02/01

News from IIR members: Michael Bellstedt

Michael Bellstedt is taking over from Stephen White as Delegate of Australia to the IIR and Chair of the Australian National Committee for the IIR. The IIR expresses its gratitude to Stephen for his actions in favour of the IIR.

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

International events: Belgrade

The IIR co-sponsored 40th International Conference on Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration took place in Belgrade, Serbia, on December 2-4, 2009. With 750 participants from 20 countries, 63 papers and 132 exhibitors, the event was highly...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

International events: Belgrade

The 39th International Congress and Exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning in Belgrade, Serbia, an IIR-co-sponsored event, took place on December 3-5, 2008. It celebrated the IIR's centenary and the role of Serbia from the very...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Upcoming IIR events: Belgrade

International Conference on Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning, an IIR-co-sponsored conference, will be held on December 6-8, 2006 in Belgrade, Serbia. Consult the programme:

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

IIR Working Party on “Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain”

The Terms of Reference of the new IIR Working Party (WP) "Energy labelling in the cold chain" have been approved. The main objective of this WP - chaired by Prof. Giovanni Cortella, Italy, and involving Commissions D1 and D2 - is to investigate...

• Publication date : 2008/05/16

The First Students and Researchers Network!

During the Prague congress, a great turn-out of 70 young researchers of over 20 different nationalities met face to face with 30 leading experts in various fields of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2011/09/19

IIR members benefit from new services

Members of the IIR will soon have a new service available via the Web site of the IIR: a directory of research organizations comprising information on 200 laboratories (worldwide) specialized in one or more refrigeration fields, full details on...

• Publication date : 2005/06/14

News from IIR members: Danfoss

A pleasant indoor climate and no energy costs. This is what it feels like to live in the Zero+ house - the first home in Denmark that produces more power than is actually consumed. The house supplies its own heating and electricity and generates...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

New IIR Informatory Note: “Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation”

Learn about the latest advances and the challenges related to these rapidly developing techniques.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

New course on magnetic refrigeration!

The IIR has just published a new course entitled “Magnetic refrigeration” on its website, in the “Courses and training” section. 

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

Frisbee Project: Latest Developments

Frisbee is a European-Union-funded 4-year project. It was launched in September 2010 and involves 26 partners including the IIR. the IIR is in charge of collecting data and the dissemination of research outcomes. The aim is to provide new...

• Publication date : 2011/12/20

New IIR Informatory Note on The Role of Refrigeration in the Global Economy

In its latest Informatory Note, the IIR highlights the major and growing role of the refrigeration industry in the global economy, particularly in the areas of food, health, energy and the environment. It calls on policy makers to consider this...

• Publication date : 2019/08/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

IIR member news: Carrier Transicold

Carrier Transicold celebrates 45 years of container refrigeration production as it prepares to build one-millionth unit.

• Publication date : 2013/11/20

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 160 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of July 2, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/07/02
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction