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IIR document
Sleeping evaporator and refrigerant maldistribution: An experimental investigation in an automotive multi-evaporator air-conditioning and battery cooling system.
Cryopreservation of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) spermatozoa: Effect of dilution ratio, foetal bovine serum supplementation, and cryoprotectants.
Study of stability of frozen hot smoked fish during cold storage.
[In Russian. / En russe.]
Comparative investigations on different methods for stunning fish with special regard to meat quality parameters.
MODIFICATION OF GEL STRENGTH DURING STORAGE OF GELS MADE FROM ALASKA POLLACK SURIMI.
Vapour–liquid equilibrium of binary systems containing pentafluorochemicals from 363 to 413 K: measurement and modelling with Peng–Robinson and three SAFT-like equations of states.
Inactivation of Anisakis larvae in salt-fermented squid and pollock tripe by freezing, salting, and combined treatment with chlorine and ultrasound.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
929 results
Global retail markets feeling the bulge
According to IGD, a market research distributor, China is set to be the world's second largest food retail market by 2020, an increase driven by the increased spending power and changes in eating habits of the 1.3 billion population. China is fast...
Briefs: Mahindra introduces Hy-Alfa hydrogen-powered three-wheeler
Three-wheeled vehicles are common on the streets in India. However, these vehicles are generally either human-powered or they run on gasoline, often using highly polluting two-stroke motors. Mahindra, a major vehicle manufacturer in India, has its...
World desiccant wheel market.
A few figures to illustrate the desiccant wheel market.
Novel energy-saving cryogenic equipment for walnut kernel peeling
In a recent study, a prototype cryogenic equipment was designed to peel walnut kernel more efficiently than by immersion in liquid nitrogen.
Smart refrigerated display cabinet collects real-time data.
The "Fresh-Cut" refrigerated display cabinet is a "smart" piece of equipment that records and transmits real-time data on the condition of goods on-shelf.
Real-time savings in buildings HVAC consumption
HVAC energy costs reductions by 25% are possible thanks to a software that automatically makes real-time adjustments to buildings control.
Israel: new pre-cooling system for cherries
Mobile pre-cooling system can help preserve fruit quality straight after harvest
Israel has launched a programme to replace 10 000 inefficient air conditioners
In Israel, the Energy and Water Ministry launched in March 2012 a programme to replace 10 000 air conditioners, aiming to provide energy savings of 17 million kWh per year.
US and Canada: home appliance industry sets goal to eliminate use of HFCs
The home appliance manufacturing industry in the US and Canada has announced their goal to voluntarily phase down the use of HFC refrigerants used in household refrigerators and freezers after 2024.
Brazilian government outlines measures to reduce electricity consumption
Owing to severe droughts affecting hydropower generation, the Brazilian government is imposing measures to reduce electricity consumption in public buildings, including limiting the...
HFC phase down talks at MOP-25 in Bangkok
The phase down of HFC production and use was the focal point of discussions during the 25th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP-25).
HCFC phase-out and HFC phase-down discussed by African Ozone Officers (en anglais)
At the end of March 2017, fifty National Ozone Officers met in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to review challenges related to the phase-out of HCFCs and the phase-down of HFCs.
Belgium heat pump market situation
In Belgium, there were over 40,000 heat pumps in operation for space or water heating.
New HCFC phase-out guides by UNEP
UNEP has produced two guides to assist developing countries in their phase-out of HCFC.
EPA finalizes R22 phaseout plan
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced a final phase down schedule regarding production and importation of HCFC-22 refrigerant.
IIR news
374 results
We are hiring a Graphic Design Consultant – Technical Publications & Scientific Infographics
This role requires a designer with a strong grasp of scientific communication, capable of translating complex data and engineering concepts into clear, engaging visuals for diverse audiences.
Now freely accessible: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration
Now available in 11 languages, the complete version of the IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is freely accessible online!
Press release: The IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online
Available in 11 languages, the complete version of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) International Dictionary of Refrigeration is now freely accessible online.
News from IIR members: Michael Bellstedt
Michael Bellstedt is taking over from Stephen White as Delegate of Australia to the IIR and Chair of the Australian National Committee for the IIR. The IIR expresses its gratitude to Stephen for his actions in favour of the IIR.
Tribute to Farès Charbel
The IIR is deeply saddened by the passing of prof. Farès Charbel, former Lebanese delegate, and extends its heartfelt condolences to his family.
International events: Belgrade
The IIR co-sponsored 40th International Conference on Heating, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration took place in Belgrade, Serbia, on December 2-4, 2009. With 750 participants from 20 countries, 63 papers and 132 exhibitors, the event was highly...
The 39th International Congress and Exhibition on heating, refrigeration and air conditioning in Belgrade, Serbia, an IIR-co-sponsored event, took place on December 3-5, 2008. It celebrated the IIR's centenary and the role of Serbia from the very...
The importance of heat pump data for policymaking: Insights from the IEA workshop
On January 23, the IIR participated in the workshop “The importance of heat pump data for policymaking and innovation,” organised by the IEA in Paris.
Upcoming IIR events: Belgrade
International Conference on Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning, an IIR-co-sponsored conference, will be held on December 6-8, 2006 in Belgrade, Serbia. Consult the programme:
IIR Working Party on “Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain”
The Terms of Reference of the new IIR Working Party (WP) "Energy labelling in the cold chain" have been approved. The main objective of this WP - chaired by Prof. Giovanni Cortella, Italy, and involving Commissions D1 and D2 - is to investigate...
The First Students and Researchers Network!
During the Prague congress, a great turn-out of 70 young researchers of over 20 different nationalities met face to face with 30 leading experts in various fields of refrigeration.
We are hiring a Scientific Translator (EN > ES) – Technical Publications & Refrigeration Content
This consulting role requires a translator with proven experience in scientific and technical content, particularly in the fields of refrigeration, thermal engineering, and energy systems.
IIR members benefit from new services
Members of the IIR will soon have a new service available via the Web site of the IIR: a directory of research organizations comprising information on 200 laboratories (worldwide) specialized in one or more refrigeration fields, full details on...
News from IIR members: Danfoss
A pleasant indoor climate and no energy costs. This is what it feels like to live in the Zero+ house - the first home in Denmark that produces more power than is actually consumed. The house supplies its own heating and electricity and generates...
The IIR at ESEF 2025 in the Gambia
For the third time this year, the IIR took part in the successful 10th edition of the ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum (ESEF 2025) at the Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara International Conference Center, marking not only...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
17 results
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Events
5 results
Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Register...
Find out more
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Webinar – Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates: Challenges and Innovations
December 09, 2025
France
Objective: To share key insights from the UNEP/IIR Cold Chain Technology Brief: Road Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates, foster dialogue between experts, industry, and policymakers, and promote sustainable...
