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Salmonella in table eggs from farm to retail: when is cooling required?

• Author(s) : GROSS S., JOHNE A., ADOLPHS J., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Time, Salmonella, Time-temperature tolerance, Cooling, Storage, Egg
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 47

Modelling survival behaviour of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Tennessee on table eggs during storage at different temperatures.

• Author(s) : PASQUALI F., KLEIN G., REICH F., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Salmonella, Contamination, Temperature, Survival, Surface, Storage, Egg, Modelling
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 59

IIR document

Effect of freezing storage on inactivation of Escherichia Coli in liquid whole egg with sucrose and high hydrostatic pressure treatment.

• Author(s) : UENO S., HAYASHI M., IGUCHI A., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Treatment, Sucrose, Performance, Egg, Pressure, Expérimentation, Escherichia, Freezing
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

The Quality Analysis and Deterioration Mechanism of Liquid Egg White during Storage.

• Author(s) : GUO D., PAN Q., HUANG Q., YI Y., WANG H., XU W.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Liquid, Egg white, Chilling, Microbiological quality, Packaging, Storage condition, Storage life, Food industry
• Source: Applied Sciences - vol. 12 - n. 5
• Formats : PDF

Cryopreservation of epididymal stallion sperm.

• Author(s) : OLACIREGUI M., GIL L., MONTON A., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sperm, Egg yolk, Cryoprotectant, Cooling rate, Cryopreservation
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 68 - n. 1

IIR document

Mobile abattoir and refrigeration tunnel for laying hens.

• Author(s) : INDERGÅRD E., STARHEIM SVENDSEN E., STALA NORDTVELDT T. S., WIDELL K. N.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF, Video

IIR document

Development of a food temperature prediction model for real time food quality assessment.

• Author(s) : SONG H., KIM J., KIM B. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

Improved sperm cryosurvival in diluents containing amides versus glycerol in the Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalskii).

• Author(s) : PUKAZHENTHI B. S., JOHNSON A., GUTHRIE D., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 68 - n. 2

Hatching, survival and deformities of piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) embryos subjected to different cooling protocols.

• Author(s) : CARMO FARIA PAES M. do, SILVA R. C. da, FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO N., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 69 - n. 3

Valuation of a new Maillard reaction type time-temperature integrator at various temperatures.

• Author(s) : ROKUGAWA H., FUJIKAWA H.
• Publication date: 2015/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 57

IIR document

Cryobiology: cryopreservation and cryostorage of cells/tissue engineered constructs

• Author(s) : KULESHOVA L.
• Publication date: 2016/09/08
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Workshop on cold applications in life sciences.
• Formats : PDF

Protective effects of propolis on cryopreservation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) sperm.

• Author(s) : ÖGRETMEN F., INANAN B. E., ÖZTÜRK M.
• Publication date: 2014/02
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryobiology - vol. 68 - n. 1

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Is it effective to pre-cool close to the freezing point temperature before freezing?

• Author(s) : MAEKAWA R., WATANABE M., POUDYAL R. L., SUZUKI T.
• Publication date: 2021/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 132
• Formats : PDF

Cold chain management concepts.

• Author(s) : MAITRA S.
• Publication date: 2016/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal, Cold Chain - vol. 7 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Identification of Enterobacteriaceae from washed and unwashed commercial shell eggs.

• Author(s) : MUSGROVE M. T., JONES D. R., NORTHCUTT J. K., et al.
• Publication date: 2004/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Microbiology, Treatment, Egg, Cold storage, Enterobacteria
• Source: Journal of Food Protection - vol. 67 - n. 11

Cool eggs

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) estimates that 30 deaths and 79000 foodborne illnesses due to consumption of eggs infected with Salmonella Enteritidis occur annually. New food safety requirements designed to address this issue...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

Cooling helps eggs fight salmonella

A team from Purdue University has demonstrated that lysozyme activity could be increased by as much as 50%, thanks to the addition of carbon dioxide or to a cooling process which causes carbon dioxide to be sucked inside the shell.

• Publication date : 2012/08/03

The 8th IARW/WFLO European Education Programme: RFID tagging

RFID tagging and traceability in refrigerated warehouses will be an important subject addressed during of the 8th IAWR/WFLO European Education Programme held in Brussels on February 28 and March 1, 2005. Representatives from food retail and...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Australia: cutting edge compressor technology drives results

The installation of computer-controlled variable speed drives on refrigerating plant compressors at a warehouse in Sydney, Australia, has enabled Swire Cold Storage to reduce its energy consumption by over 15% during the cooler months.

• Publication date : 2012/10/26

Carrefour pledges to reduce its CO2 emissions by 40% by 2025

Supermarket group Carrefour has pledged to reduce CO2 emissions from all stores by 40% by 2025 and by 70% by 2050 compared to 2010 levels.

• Publication date : 2018/01/22
• Subjects: Environment

UNEP knowledge maps of refrigeration sector organisations and training centres worldwide

UNEP has launched its OzonAction Knowledge Maps tool, which offers access to data and information about relevant stakeholders in the refrigeration sector, including air conditioning and heat pumps (RACHP)...

• Publication date : 2021/07/15
• Subjects: General information

Brief: Frozen fertility

Women over 30 who have not yet met the man they would like to spend the rest of their lives with and have children before their fertility plummets can now freeze their eggs while waiting for "Mr Right" to come along. The peace of mind comes with a...

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

The Gallic cock saved thanks to cryogenics

The Gallic cock, of the Gauloise dorée breed, one of the most ancient French animal breeds, and France's national symbol, was gradually disappearing. Only 200 individuals, kept by amateur breeders, were left. One of the characteristics of this...

• Publication date : 2005/01/12

Briefs: first bank of coral cells

US scientists have created the first bank of frozen coral cells, intended to preserve endangered coral species in Hawaii and protect their diversity. The bank so far contains frozen sperm and embryonic cells from mushroom coral and rice...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Canada: CFIA Standardization of Food Safety Practices

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) recently announced plans to standardize its inspection practices to keep up with the changing food safety landscape.

• Publication date : 2012/08/16
• Subjects: Regulation

Recovery and reproduction of tardigrades frozen for over 30 years

Scientists managed to resuscitate tardigrades and have them reproduce although they had been frozen since 1983!

• Publication date : 2016/08/17

Refrigeration technologies help preserve biodiversity

The role of refrigeration in biodiversity protection is illustrated by two examples: the cryopreservation of coral larvae and the use of refrigeration to fight bee colony collapse.

• Publication date : 2019/05/29
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Japan scientists launch freeze-dry animal sperm bank

Japanese scientists have launched a sperm bank for endangered animals that uses freeze-drying technology.

• Publication date : 2013/12/12

USA: consumption of frozen meals compared to quick service restaurant meals

In the USA, people who regularly eat frozen meals consume 253 fewer calories and 2.6 less grams of saturated fat per day than people who eat fast food. Additionally, adults who eat frozen meals have higher daily intakes of important nutrients.

• Publication date : 2014/12/04

Is super-cooling better than chilling for seafood products?

Super-cooled storage is a novel technique that better preserves the texture and freshness of fish and extends shelf life compared to chilling. 

• Publication date : 2024/02/29
• Subjects: Technology

Corporate members of the IIR react to the draft revision of the F-Gas (in French)

The AFF, AFCE and Snefcca have communicated their reactions to the draft revision of the F-Gas. Both organisations draw attention to the difficulty of following the recommendations currently...

• Publication date : 2022/08/23
• Subjects: Regulation

Upcoming cutting-edge IIR events for 2016

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events covering cutting-edge refrigeration themes from refrigerants to energy issues.

• Publication date : 2016/05/25

Test your knowledge with the IIR Quiz: Refrigeration in Numbers

Are you up to speed on the latest figures in the field of refrigeration? Test your knowledge with the IIR Refrigeration Quiz.

• Publication date : 2016/12/01

The IIR supports the Global Cooling Pledge

The IIR and several of its corporate members support this historic commitment signed during COP28.

• Publication date : 2024/01/26
• Subjects: Environment

Check out the upcoming cutting edge IIR events for 2016

IIR conference activities in 2016 show a promising choice of events.

• Publication date : 2015/12/16

New IIR Informatory Note: The Role of Refrigeration in Worldwide Nutrition

In line with its corporate objective to promote knowledge of refrigeration and associated technologies and applications on a global scale, the IIR has published a new Informatory Note on “The Role of Refrigeration in Worldwide...

• Publication date : 2020/04/23
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Technology, Developing country, Regulation, General information, Environment

Expo Froid - A public exhibition dedicated to refrigeration

From December 5, 2017 to September 16, 2018 a staggering 250,000 visitors explored the “Expo Froid” (Cold Exhibition) at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie.

• Publication date : 2018/12/05

New in our Encyclopedia. Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: General information

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

New IIR Working Party on LCCP evaluation: first meeting planned in Delft on June 28, 2012, during the 10th IIR-G. Lorentzen Conference

The IIR is inviting commission, private, and corporate members of the IIR and more generally all experts whose knowledge of the subject will benefit the working party to join it.

• Publication date : 2012/04/27

The IIR participated in the EC consultation on the F-gas Regulation

In response to the European Commission (EC) consultation, the IIR sent comments on an EC report on the application, effects and adequacy of the F-gas Regulation.

• Publication date : 2012/02/08
• Subjects: Regulation

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Quito, Equador

The 30th Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol took place in Quito (Equador) on 5-9 November 2018. Didier Coulomb, Director General of the IIR, made a statement.

• Publication date : 2018/11/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

IIR member news: AFCE

The AFCE published an explanatory document of the F-Gas Regulation.

• Publication date : 2014/12/01
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Regulation

Activities of the IIR's Commission C1 on Cryobiology and Cryomedicine

Members of the Cryobiology and Cryomedicine Commission (C1) are working hard to reach their 2013-2015 objectives in cryobiology and cryomedicine research; knowledge dissemination; technology transfer and education.

• Publication date : 2013/11/25

The 2nd IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2013): a great success

The 2nd IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2013) took place in Paris on April 2-4, 2013. With 180 participants, 78 papers and three leading edge plenary presentations, the event was highly successful.

• Publication date : 2013/05/29

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/11/15
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers