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Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Frost and ice fog formation in industrial freezers operating in supersaturated air.
Rychlostní pole v okolí vyústky pro odmrazování a odmlžování celního skla osobního automobilu.
Velocity field near air outlet for defrosting and defogging of a car windshield
Investigation on an improved heat pump AC system with the view of return air utilization and anti-fogging for electric vehicles.
IIR document
Effect of different retailing methods on quality of grape after forced-air cooling and low temperature transportation.
Effects of forced-air precooling, low temperature transportation and different retailing methods on the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage.
Effects of different internal and external packaging on precooling rate and cold chain quality of green bell pepper.
Effect of different film packaging on the quality of Chinese flowering cabbage during cold storage.
Effect of precooling, transportation and distribution methods on tomato quality.
Recommended by the IIR
Use of Different Cooling Methods in Pig Facilities to Alleviate the Effects of Heat Stress—A Review
A novel air-source heat pump system with integrated desiccant for electric vehicles.
The effects of external corrosion protection methods on the thermal-hydraulic performance of aluminum microchannel heat exchangers.
Energy-saving effect of utilizing recirculated air in electric vehicle air conditioning system.
Influence of condensation on the efficiency of regenerative heat exchanger for ventilation.
Effects of controlled atmosphere and film packaging on the quality of sweet cherry at cold storage.
Investigating dehumidification and heating performance in a dual evaporator heat pump system for electric vehicles.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1205 results
An infographic shows what would happen if all technologies suddenly vanished
The Refrigeration School recently published The Refrigeration Apocalypse, an infographic showing the consequences of a failure of all cooling systems after different periods of time.
Briefs: BOCOG
The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the 29th Olympiad (BOCOG) - in co-operation with China's State Environmental Protection Administration and UNEP - is addressing stratospheric ozone protection as part of the 2008 Beijing Olympic...
European legislation and cogeneration
COGEN Europe has issued a new briefing paper on "European Policy and Legislation affecting Cogeneration", which summarises the most important pieces of legislation relevant to the development of cogeneration in Europe. This document shows that the...
Nestlé Japan’s Himeji factory’s natural gas cogeneration system
Nestlé Japan's Himeji factory's natural gas cogeneration system has won the 9th New Energy Award in recognition of its high degree of innovation. The Himeji plant is used to produce soluble coffee cryogenically and has high energy efficiency (92%,...
Cogeneration power and cooling for an army mobile system
This paper was presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference in Glasgow (Sept. 2004). With the US army's ongoing need to make systems smaller, lighter, quieter and more efficient, new technologies to meet these needs are continuously being...
National Geographic Society sets an example with green headquarters
The National Geographic Society is saving 8 to 11% on energy costs, amounting to USD 300 000 per year, following energy efficiency and water conservation upgrades to its headquarters in Washington DC. The Society’s 100-year-old building...
Briefs: EU Directive recognizes heat pumps as a renewable energy technology
On December 17, 2008, the European Parliament adopted the EU Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. The final compromise text for the first time includes aerothermal and hydrothermal energy sources, effectively...
New report: Global Frozen Food Market Analysis by Product Type and by Geography – Trends and Forecasts (2010-2015)
A report entitled Global Frozen Food Market Analysis by Product Type and by Geography – Trends and Forecasts (2010-2015) is a study of the global food and beverage market. The global frozen-food market is expected to grow from USD 218.41 billion...
From waste to warmth: Geospatial information for UK waste heat recovery and Net-Zero energy systems
A new project led by London South Bank University (LSBU) aims to map and assess waste heat generated by cooling systems in urban areas, starting with Birmingham.
Heat pump systems for HVAC in electric vehicles
Heat pump systems offer an energy efficient option for HVAC in electric vehicles. Recent studies present innovative technologies to further improve the heating and cooling performance of heat pump systems as...
Efficient cooling methods to reduce heat stress in pigs
Microclimate parameters such as air temperature and humidity are important indicators of animal welfare. Besides, heat stress is more detrimental to productivity in the swine...
Renewable energy consumption for heating and cooling in the EU
Over one fifth of energy used for heating and cooling from renewable sources in the EU.
Brief: A stop to weight loss!
Although spraying of refrigerated meat produce throughout transportation has been in operation for over 20 years, water loss continues to be a problem during the second phase of refrigeration in the cold chamber. However, if the entire enclosure...
Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications
An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...
Quest for the eternal bubble
Two Paris-based artists, Olivier Dollinger and Jochen Dehn, are attempting to freeze a liquid bubble permanently. The bubble is to be suspended in mid-air thanks to a refined air-flow system, in a large low-temperature refrigerated display cabinet.
IIR news
373 results
We are hiring a Graphic Design Consultant – Technical Publications & Scientific Infographics
This role requires a designer with a strong grasp of scientific communication, capable of translating complex data and engineering concepts into clear, engaging visuals for diverse audiences.
Discover the 33rd IIR Informatory Note on "Cogeneration/Trigeneration"
This Informatory Note discusses the operating principles of cogeneration and trigeneration as well as their advantages and challenges.
New report ranks the IJR as a highly recognisable publication in the technical industry
Following a recent analysis released by Clarivate Analytics, the Impact Factor for the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) is now reported to be 3.177 for the year 2018. These results confirm that the IJR is still highly recognised within...
IIR member news: Cemafroid's experience in F-Gas certification recognized in Italy
Tecnea, majority shareholder in French company Cemafroid, benefactor member of the IIR, was recently accredited to grant certifications (certificates of competency) via its branch Tecnea Italia.
We are hiring a Scientific Translator (EN > ES) – Technical Publications & Refrigeration Content
This consulting role requires a translator with proven experience in scientific and technical content, particularly in the fields of refrigeration, thermal engineering, and energy systems.
We are hiring a Data Scientist – Refrigeration and Sustainability Analytics
The IIR is seeking a talented and impact-driven Data Scientist to lead the design, analysis, and visualisation of data-driven insights across the refrigeration sector. This role will play a critical part in...
Statutory meetings of the IIR
The annual statutory meetings of the IIR took place on June 6-9, 2006, in the beautiful premises of the French Ministry of Research in Paris: the Publications Sub-Committee, the Management Committee, the Science and Technology Council and the...
Yokohama e yokoso !
From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...
Now available: IIR Congress papers 2019
Download your copy of the ICR 2019 proceedings. Over 630 technical papers are available!
New publications: The French version of the Red Book
The French version of the Red Book (Recommendations for the Processing and Handling of Frozen Foods) is on sale! The 4th edition of this IIR reference publication - prepared by Mr Leif Bøgh-Sørensen and several international experts - gives an...
Red Book on sale!
The Red Book (Recommendations for the Processing and Handling of Frozen Foods) is one of the IIR's reference publications and one of its best sellers. The 4th edition - prepared by Mr Leif Bøgh-Sørensen and several international experts - presents...
Two ENOUGH events not to be missed in May!
The ENOUGH project is hosting two major events in May 2025 – mark your calendar!
World Refrigeration Day 2020
The annual World Refrigeration Day aims to raise awareness among the wider public about the importance of refrigeration technologies in everyday life. Organised under...
New IIR publication: Informatory Note
The IIR has published the 3rd Informatory Note on Refrigeration and Food "Temperature Indicators and Time-Temperature Integrators", written by Leif Bøgh-Sørensen, past President of IIR Commission C2, and Göran Löndahl, member of IIR Commission C2,...
Activities of the IIR’s Commission D2 on Refrigerated Transport
The role of the IIR is well recognized worldwide, and in particular the expertise of the members of Commission D2 makes an important contribution to refrigerated transport issues: avoiding the wastage of food and the minimizing of emissions.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
17 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
André Lebon
André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Events
8 results
Sponsored event
9th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue
July 12, 2026 - July 16, 2026
West Lafayette, IN, United States
A conference co-sponsored by the IIR Since 1972, Herrick Labs has hosted the premier international conferences on Compressor Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, and...
Find out more
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Currently accepting full papers! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for...
19th IIR Conference on Cryogenics
April 26, 2027 - April 30, 2027
Dresden, Germany
The 19th CRYOGENICS 2027 continues in the series of conferences held every two years. The conference will deal with new challenges of the equipment and technologies with temperatures below 120 K (-153°C), as well as with other...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
21st International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue
2026 China International Heat Pump Conference
October 13, 2026 - October 17, 2026
Shanghai, China
Following the resounding success of the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference (CHPC 2024) in Shenzhen, which gathered over 850 experts and delegates from 33 countries & regions, the upcoming 3rd CHPC in 2026 is poised to further expand its global...
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
