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Bioactive amines in fresh beef liver and influence of refrigerated storage and pan-roasting.
IIR document
Cryopreservation at large scale: current and future perspectives for applied cryobiology.
Problèmes de couleur du foie gras d'oie sous vide surgelé.
Colour issues in fatted goose liver (foie gras) frozen under vacuum.
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF IN VIVO FREEZING OF PIG LIVER.
HEAT TRANSFER VIA CRYOPROBES DURING LIVER AND SPLEEN FREEZING.
THE FREEZING TIMES OF LIVER IN A VERTICAL PLATE FREEZER.
VALORISATION DES ABATS PAR COMBINAISON DU FROID ET DES TRAITEMENTS IONISANTS : APPLICATION AU FOIE BOVIN.
VALORIZATION OF EDIBLE OFFALS BY COMBINATION OF REFRIGERATION AND IONIZING RADIATION PROCESS: APPLICATION TO BOVINE LIVER.
Influence des techniques de refroidissement sur la dureté et la couleur des foies gras crus.
Influence of cooling technologies on the hardness and the colour of raw foie gras.
On a computational study for investigating acoustic streaming and heating during focused ultrasound ablation of liver tumor.
Cryosurgery: advances in the application of low temperatures to medicine.
Therapy by freezing at removal of hepatic metastasis cancer of a thick gut.
[In Russian. / En russe.]
The osmotic characteristics of human fetal liver-derived hematopoietic stem cell candidates.
The effect of cryopreservation on the expression of stemness-genes in mouse fetal liver cells.
Analysis of IDO gene expressions in mouse fetal liver mesenchymal stem cells after cryopreservation using different programs.
Effects of crucial parameters on the freezing delivery in the cryosurgical system.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
150 results
Forecasts concerning global demand for commercial refrigeration
According to a recent market report by Freedonia, global demand for commercial refrigeration equipment is forecast so rise by 4.6% annually until 2016 and reach around USD 32 billion.
Global cooling tower market forecast to reach 2.6 billion USD by 2018
According to a recent report by Global Industry Analysts Inc., the global market for cooling towers is projected to reach USD 2.6 billion by 2018, driven by improving economic conditions and more stringent environmental regulations.
New report: Global Frozen Food Market Analysis by Product Type and by Geography – Trends and Forecasts (2010-2015)
A report entitled Global Frozen Food Market Analysis by Product Type and by Geography – Trends and Forecasts (2010-2015) is a study of the global food and beverage market. The global frozen-food market is expected to grow from USD 218.41 billion...
R22 and R134a emissions double, even triple, in summer
In a recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, B. Xiang et al. present the results of in situ observations of R22 and R134a taken from research aircraft over the Pacific Ocean combined with long-term ground...
A new concept of more environmentally friendly aircraft
NASA funds an aeronautical research project on a new fuel concept.
Briefs: Environmentally friendly arena
The Marcel Dutil Arena in Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce, Quebec, is now environmentally friendly and economic thanks to CO2 technology. The control technology can be modulated remotely. The electricity consumption has dropped 20-25% since the system was...
Eco-friendly skiing in Spain
Dutch architects working for SnowWorld say they have found a way to build an indoor ski facility with a difference in warm Barcelona.
Global refrigerant market forecast to 2022
MarketsandMarkets published a report which estimates global refrigerants markets at USD 14.49 Billion in 2017 .
IPCC forecasts boom for residential air conditioning
IPCC estimates that energy demand for residential air conditioning in summer is projected to increase over 13-fold between 2000 and 2050 and over 30-fold by 2100, under its reference climate change scenario.
Manual fridge recycling is less environmentally friendly
Recent research, performed by Öko-Institut shows that manual stripping of fridges releases up to 100 times more emissions than when encapsulated shredders are used. The key element here is the treatment of the insulation foam containing residual...
Eco-friendly cooling for Tokyo’s Haneda Airport
The new international terminal of Haneda Airport opened in October 2010. It uses a combination of geothermal energy, solar power and cogeneration systems to reduce energy consumption and is also the first airport to use sodium sulphur (NaS)...
Global district cooling market: 2016 - 2024 forecast
The district cooling market is estimated to exhibit a 5.1% compound annual growth rate until 2024, according to a Transparency Market Research report.
Cryogenic mobile refrigeration system for environmentally friendly delivery
A system developed by Linde Group’s BOC uses the the cryogenic effect of liquid nitrogen at -196°C to achieve rapid and evenly distributed temperature drops.
Promising forecasts for the global refrigerated transport market
The global refrigerated transport market is predicted to reach USD 93,656.4 million by 2019, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.2%.
Residential heat pump optimised by solar radiation forecasts
A new heat pump system heats water mainly during the day based on solar radiation data, offering significant energy savings.
IIR news
31 results
Healthcare ColDays 2022: innovations in refrigeration and health
The French Association of Refrigeration (Association Française du Froid) is organising a day dedicated to the latest technical and scientific developments in the field of refrigeration and health on 26 April...
Commission D2: at the forefront of refrigerated transport
Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission D2 is aimed at promoting knowledge of refrigerated transport technology worldwide.
The IIR brings women in refrigeration to the forefront
Discover the reasons why the IIR organised its first fun and informal workshop on “Women in Refrigeration” during ICR2015.
The IIR at the refrigeration forefront of EU projects
Generally involved in the dissemination process, the IIR makes use of its network, activities and services to promote worldwide the research outcomes of the EU projects.
WGC PARIS 2015: “Growing together towards a friendly planet”
The 26th World Gas Conference (WGC), held in Paris last week, offered attendees an ideal opportunity for networking, learning and sharing information on the latest developments
Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront
In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.
Spotlight on Commission B2: at the forefront of refrigerating equipment
Coordinated by the IIR Science and Technology Council, Commission B2 focuses on promoting knowledge of refrigerating equipment technologies and their applications worldwide.
Commission C1: At the forefront of Cryobiology, Cryomedicine and Health Products
The commission has clearly defined objectives in cryobiology, cryomedicine and health products research; knowledge dissemination; technology transfer and education.
Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery
Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”
IIR Seminar in Tunis brings to the forefront the social and economic strategic importance of the cold chain
Recognising the social and economic importance of this issue on a global scale, the IIR organised a seminar on the Logistics For Transport Of Foodstuffs Under Controlled Temperatures In Hot Countries on October 25, 2016 in Tunis (Tunisia),...
IIR Congress 2023: Submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” before May 31
You have just over a month to submit an abstract to the session on “Work in Progress & Innovation” at the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
New IIR Informatory Note on Liquefied Natural Gas
The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that LNG is expected to play a major role in global energy strategies as it has many advantages and helps mitigate global warming when used instead of coal and...
Your International Journal of Refrigeration; still the best in its field
Thomson Reuters confirms that the International Journal of Refrigeration is still the best in its field
First European field study on food cold chain carried out by the Frisbee consortium
Four Frisbee project partners will conduct a major field study in four representative European countries this Summer
IIR member news: Air Liquide joins the fight against the Covid-19 epidemic
To deal with the Covid-19 epidemic in France, the Air Liquide group, member of the IIR, has decided to produce 10,000 respirators in 50 days.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
10 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Events
5 results
Other event
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Register...
Find out more
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Call for abstracts is open! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration...
