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An inverse method to estimate bulk density and specific heat of cereal grains during heat pump drying.

• Author(s) : EBRAHIMIFAKHAR A., YUILL D.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Seed conservation under –196°C in liquid nitrogen. The use of paper tubes for seed cryopreservation.

• Author(s) : ARAPETYAN E., USANTENKO Y., BODNAR L., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2014. Proceedings of the 13^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 7-11, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Using liquid nitrogen for conifer plant seed conservation.

• Author(s) : ARAPETIAN E., USATENKO Y., SCHERBINA M.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Performance optimization and economic analysis of solar based desiccant wheel grain dryer.

• Author(s) : HANIF S., MIYAZAKI T., KOYAMA S.
• Publication date: 2017/08/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International sorption heat pump conference, ISHPC 2017, Tokyo august 7-10.

IIR document

Solid sorption of ammonia observed at the salt grain scale and its refrigeration and thermal powers.

• Author(s) : PUBILL A.
• Publication date: 2023/04/27
• Languages : English
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Generation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in soybean by freezing and subsequent storage.

• Author(s) : UENO S., IRYO N., SASAO S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Direct grain-scale observation of chloride salts contained in the absorber of solid sorption heat pumps to characterize their reaction kinetics.

• Author(s) : PUBILL A., LULKA X.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Researches on the optimal process of heat pump intermittent drying.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : ZHAO H., YANG Z., ZHU Z.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 35 - n. 160
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Correlation between grain connectivity, packing density, and critical current density in MgB2 synthesized by in situ/ex situ combination technique.

• Author(s) : SHAH S., SHAHABUDDIN, ALZAYED N. S.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Grape seed and clove bud extracts as natural antioxidants in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets during chilled storage: effect on lipid and protein oxidation.

• Author(s) : SHI C., CUI J., YING X., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/06
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 40

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Liquid nitrogen and preservation of genetic material of biological origin. Historical overview.

• Author(s) : ARAPETYAN E.
• Publication date: 2021/10/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2021 online. Proceedings of the 16^th IIR International Conference, October 5-7, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Cryconservation of plants in Ukraine.

• Author(s) : ARAPETYAN E.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference on Cryogenics, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

The effect of resolidification on preform optimized infiltration growth processed (Y, Nd, Sm, Gd)BCO, multi-grain bulk superconductor.

• Author(s) : PAVAN KUMAR NAIK S., SESHU BAI V.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 81

Recommended by the IIR

Overwinter storage of European beech and Norway spruce planting stock: effect of different methods and temperature conditions.

• Author(s) : PANTOVÁ P., HOUŠKOVÁ K., MAUER O.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Forests - 12 - 9
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Quality changes in Pteridium aquilinum and the root of Platycodon grandiflorum frozen under different conditions.

• Author(s) : PARK S. J., MIJAN M. al, SONG K. B.
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 43
• Formats : PDF

Insufficient cold chains in Ukraine

Statistics show that around 50-60% of fruit and vegetables harvested in Ukraine are lost due to insufficient logistics and cold chains.

• Publication date : 2012/02/20
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Cooling coffee bean to improve flavour.

A simple discovery which could have a major impact for the coffee industry.

• Publication date : 2017/03/09

Discovery of an 18th century ice-well in London

A huge subterranean ice house dating from the 1780s, recently uncovered in central London, has been designated as a scheduled monument by Historic England.

• Publication date : 2019/01/31

Refrigeration innovations for the avocado market

The booming global avocado market calls for increasing standards of quality. Refrigeration technologies offer cutting-edge solutions for fruit ripening and seed preservation for future crops.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

Cryogenics 2021 highlights: applications of liquid nitrogen

Cryopreservation of biological materials to favour biodiversity and cooling of superconducting cables to allow transmission of electrical energy with zero resistance are key applications of liquid...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

The hidden cold chain behind Valentine’s Day roses

The average journey of a Valentine’s rose, from harvesting in South America to the point of sale in the US, is 10-12 days during which the role of refrigeration is essential.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28

Cold storage of evergreen seedlings affected by global warming

Due to global warming, conifer seedlings are more often exposed to desiccation during snow-free winters. Overwinter cold storage allows to improve their survival, provided that...

• Publication date : 2022/05/23
• Subjects: Environment, Technology

Use of chillers in cannabis greenhouses

The legalisation of medical cannabis in several states in the US involves the development of new techniques to manage temperatures while reducing production costs.

• Publication date : 2020/02/06

HFC alternatives: insufficient training in Europe

An AREA survey shows that in the EU, only 3.5-7% of F-Gas certified personnel are trained in the use of low-GWP refrigerants, depending on the alternative used. 

• Publication date : 2021/02/23
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Green roofs can reduce cooling demand in warm climate zones

The impact of green roofs on building energy performance was assessed in 15 climate zones. In most regions, the reduction in energy demand for cooling was greater than for...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24
• Subjects: Technology

The Russian refrigerated cases market

According to experts, the market volume in 2012 compared to 2011 increased by about 25%.

• Publication date : 2013/12/12
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Latest IGU report: alarming gas-to-coal switching requires low-carbon solutions

The International Gas Union (IGU) assesses the global natural gas trade in 2020-21 in a report released in May 2022. The report also discusses the need for long-term alternatives to natural gas to reduce...

• Publication date : 2022/06/21
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

Russia: Refrigerating equipment market

According to a new market report published by IndexBox Marketing, the Russian refrigerating equipment market – except household type equipment – in 2012 was worth 319.447 million € – an increase of 5.1% compared to the previous year.

• Publication date : 2014/12/02
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Update on illegal HFC trade in Europe

An EIA investigation highlights the different smuggling routes used to illegally import HFCs into Europe and shows which refrigerants are most frequently sold in this way. 

• Publication date : 2021/09/07
• Subjects: Regulation

Briefs: Obituary

Prof. Boris Adolfovitch Minkus died on February 12, 2004. Aged almost 100, Prof. Minkus was a founder of and taught at the Odessa State Academy of Refrigeration (Ukraine). He was a renowned specialist in the field of absorption refrigeration. He...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

New IIR members

Here are the private members worldwide who have joined us over the past year. We are very pleased to welcome them. Several members are from countries that are not yet member countries. We also have a lot of new junior members (under 35 years) and...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Participation of the IIR at COP-10

On December 6-18, 2004, over 6100 participants from 169 countries attended the 10th Conference of the Parties (COP-10) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)  held at the Rural Exhibition Center in Buenos Aires ,...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids