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Numerical simulation of a GM-type pulse tube cryocooler system: Part II. Rotary valve and cold head.
IIR document
Physicochemical and rheological properties of COD hydrolysates.
The effect of forced convection and PCM on helmets’ thermal performance in hot and arid environments.
Performance of cylinder head and piston head suction valve configurations in small variable-speed reciprocating compressors.
Experimental study of a pulse tube cold head driven by a low frequency thermal compressor.
Sub-chilling of head-on gutted Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) before filleting; effect on storage quality.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cod heads – effect of freezing and thawing on the quality and composition of protein hydrolysates.
Study of different cooling structures on the thermal status of an Internal Combustion Engine.
Development of a Vuilleumier refrigerator with crank drive mechanism based on experimental and numerical study.
Development of a 90-K beta type Stirling cooler with rhombic drive mechanism.
Numerical and experimental investigations on the failure mechanism of the suction valve in the refrigerator compressor under unconventional conditions.
FSI simulation of the suction valve on the piston for reciprocating compressors.
Study on a high capacity two-stage free piston Stirling cryocooler working around 30 K.
Experimental investigation of helium gas heat exchangers for vibration and thermal noise control in closed-cycle cryostats.
Experimental research on the performance of a refrigerant generating bubble pump based on a diffusion generation process with H2O-HCOOK-R134a.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
582 results
Jordan phases out CFCs one year ahead of schedule
Jordan’s national programme for phasing out the use of CFCs, which aimed at disposing 1500 tonnes of these refrigerants was achieved one year ahead of schedule.
Wales to launches its own deep freeze ahead of the Six Nations Championship
Wales is to build a cryotherapy chamber at its rugby training base near Cardiff in time for next year’s Six Nations Championship.
National Geographic Society sets an example with green headquarters
The National Geographic Society is saving 8 to 11% on energy costs, amounting to USD 300 000 per year, following energy efficiency and water conservation upgrades to its headquarters in Washington DC. The Society’s 100-year-old building...
Hypothermia and head injury: a new study
According to certain researchers, hypothermia should not be used to treat traumatic brain injuries.
Irregularities found in deadly ammonia leak accident in China
Investigators found that the company illegally built the workshop after completing construction of the plant's main body, blocking the fire exits, according to a statement from the Shanghai work safety supervision bureau.
Africa’s first concentrating solar cooling system
Mobile telecommunications company MTN has launched Africa’s first Concentrating Solar Cooling System in its Head office in Johannesburg.
Rio+20: support for HFC phase-down
In their final declaration, the Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives of 191 countries who met in June in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (“Rio+20”) have provided support of an HFC...
IIR Member news: EDF R&D
Following the kind invitation of Ms Bénédicte Ballot-Miguet, Research Engineer, the IIR, represented by F. Billiard, D. Viard and J.L. Dupont, had the pleasure of visiting the Electricité de France's (EDF) R&D Renardières site located near...
Out of ordinary: Ötzi’s curse?
Ötzi's curse? Tests run on Ötzi the iceman, the world's oldest and best-preserved mummy, show signs of decomposition. X-rays show grey spots on one knee, indicating gas formation caused by bacteria. The South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in...
Montreal Protocol news
- Malaysia expects to phase-out HCFCs by 2030 "Malaysia is expected to completely phase out the consumption of HCFCs by 2030 as scheduled", Natural Resources and Environment Minister Datuk Douglas Uggah Embas said recently. He presented a...
An ice barrier to stop radioactive water leaks at Fukushima
In early September, Japan’s government gave the go ahead on a project to create a mile-long artificial permafrost barrier around the Fukushima power station to stop radioactive water from leaking.
Appointments: Prof. Don Cleland
Prof. Don Cleland, New Zealand's Delegate to the IIR, was recently appointed Head of the Institute of Technology & Engineering at Massey University, New Zealand.
Brief: ASHRAE’s new Executive Vice President
Jeff Littleton has been named Executive Vice-President of ASHRAE. He succeeds Frank M. Coda and will head ASHRAE's 100-member staff in Altlanta, USA. Jeff Littleton has considerable business and association experience.
Artisanal ice cream, the rising star of the Australian ice cream sector to 2017
Artisanal ice cream will show the most growth of the three categories - take home ice cream, impulse ice cream, artisanal ice cream - over the next five years, with both value and volume growing ahead of the sector as a whole, at CAGR of 2.3% and...
Useful site: FRPERC
FRPERC at the University of Bristolhas won a prestigious Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Cooling Industry Award for work on display cabinets for supermarkets. Judith Evans headed the project focused on good control, high efficiency and low...
IIR news
298 results
IIR joins key stakeholder talks on AHEAD program in Delhi
Yosr Allouche, Director General of the IIR, had the distinct honour of participating in the National Stakeholder Consultation for the “Alleviating Heat Stress by Enhancing Production of Affordable Cooling...
Discover the newly-elected IIR Section and Commission heads
Welcome the IIR’s new statutory body members!
A New Era: Dr Yosr Allouche to become the first woman to head the International Institute of Refrigeration
A new chapter has begun for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) with the triumphant election of Dr Yosr Allouche (39) as the first woman to hold the prestigious position of Director...
IIR governing bodies meet in Seoul ahead of 27th International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR 2027)
In February 2026, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) held its biannual governing bodies meetings in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and met with the national delegation to discuss...
Paris Agreement signed and the OEWG37 makes headway
Find out how the Paris Agreement, adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) and signed on 22 April 2016, and advancements at the 37th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (OEWG37) will impact the...
A roundup of the top IIR headlines in 2016
Check out the major events that took the spotlight at the International Institute of Refrigeration during 2016.
ICR2015 Abstract submission deadline extended!
ICR2015 is gearing up to be more successful than ever with over 880 abstracts already submitted!
Deadline extended: Call for nominations for Scientific Prizes at IIR Congress 2023 ends May 27
Don’t miss out on your chance to apply for the prestigious academic and scientific awards to be presented at the upcoming 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration. The deadline for...
A renewed board and ambition for the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF)
Gérald Cavalier, Director of Cemafroid, took over from Patrick Antoine as head of this century old association
The IIR is seeking a Communication Manager
The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris preferably a English-mother-tongue Communication Manager, with fluent French, who will manage the IIR’s communication policy and conferences.
The IIR is seeking a Deputy Director
The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris a Deputy Director, with a scientific and technical background. The candidate should be a very good English and French speaker.
REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants
Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.
New IIR Working Group “Electric vehicle thermal management systems”
This new working group, which focuses on a topical theme, is headed by Xianting Li, new President of Section E.
The Beijing Congress
The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration will be held in Beijing, China, on August 21-26, 2007. IIR congresses are held every 4 years in various parts of the world, showing the global influence of the IIR. The previous event was held...
Visit: Lebanon
In December, 2004, Mr Michel Afram, Managing Director of LARI (Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, a Corporate Member of the IIR), with three members of the Board of LARI, and Mr Fares Charbel, Delegate of Lebanon to the IIR, visited the...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
14 results
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Events
7 results
IIR event
Cooling Without Warming: Energy‑Efficient ACs and Heat Pumps
April 28, 2026
Paris, France
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Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Sponsored event
2026 China International Heat Pump Conference
October 13, 2026 - October 17, 2026
Shanghai, China
Following the resounding success of the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference (CHPC 2024) in Shenzhen, which gathered over 850 experts and delegates from 33 countries & regions, the upcoming 3rd CHPC in 2026 is poised to further expand its global...
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
19th IIR Conference on Cryogenics
April 26, 2027 - April 30, 2027
Dresden, Germany
The 19th CRYOGENICS 2027 continues in the series of conferences held every two years. The conference will deal with new challenges of the equipment and technologies with temperatures below 120 K (-153°C), as well as with other...
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
