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Numerical simulation of a GM-type pulse tube cryocooler system: Part II. Rotary valve and cold head.

• Author(s) : LIU D., DIETRICH M., THUMMES G., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Valve (generic), Pulse tube, Head, Gifford-McMahon, Modelling, Cryocooler
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 81

The effect of forced convection and PCM on helmets’ thermal performance in hot and arid environments.

• Author(s) : GHANI S., ELBIALY E. M. A. A., BAKOCHRISTOU F., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermal property, Head, Performance, PCM, Modelling, Equipment, Forced convection, Hot climate
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 111

IIR document

Experimental study of a pulse tube cold head driven by a low frequency thermal compressor.

• Author(s) : ZHAO Y., DAI W., VANAPALLI S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06/22
• Languages : English
• Source: 1^st IIR International Conference of Cryogenics and Refrigeration Technology (ICCRT 2016). Proceedings: Bucharest, Romania, June 22-25, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cod heads – effect of freezing and thawing on the quality and composition of protein hydrolysates.

• Author(s) : TVEIT G. M., CARVAJAL A. K., SLIZYTE R., MELDSTAD F., NORDTVEDT T. S., REMME J., RUSTAD T.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF, Video

Commission delegated directive 2014/10/EU of 18 October 2013 amending, for the purposes of adapting to technical progress, Annex IV to Directive 2011/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards an exemption for lead in alloys, as a superconductor or thermal conductor, used in cryo-cooler cold heads and/or in cryo-cooled cold probes and/or in cryo-cooled equipotential bonding systems, in medical devices (category 8) and/or in industrial monitoring and control instruments.

• Author(s) : European Commission
• Publication date: 2014/01/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Journal officiel des Communautés européennes, L/JOCE, L - Vol. 57; L 4
• Formats : PDF

Study of different cooling structures on the thermal status of an Internal Combustion Engine.

• Author(s) : CHEN X., YU X., LU Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/04
• Languages : English
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 116

IIR document

Development of a Vuilleumier refrigerator with crank drive mechanism based on experimental and numerical study.

• Author(s) : CHANG C. H., FENG J. H., HUANG J. S.
• Publication date: 2021/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 129
• Formats : PDF

The improvement of the compressor efficiency by reducing heat transfer.

• Author(s) : COLMEK S.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 22nd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical and experimental investigations on the failure mechanism of the suction valve in the refrigerator compressor under unconventional conditions.

• Author(s) : YIN X., FANG J., CAO F., CHEN Z., WANG X.
• Publication date: 2020/09
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 117
• Formats : PDF

A compact thermal heat switch for cryogenic space applications operating near 100 K.

• Author(s) : DIETRICH M., EULER A., THUMMES G.
• Publication date: 2014/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 59

IIR document

Development of a 90-K beta type Stirling cooler with rhombic drive mechanism.

• Author(s) : CHENG C. H., HUANG C. Y., YANG H. S.
• Publication date: 2019/02
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 98
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

FSI simulation of the suction valve on the piston for reciprocating compressors.

• Author(s) : WU W., GUO T., PENG C., LI X., ZHANG Z., XU L., HE Z.
• Publication date: 2022/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 137
• Formats : PDF

Study on a high capacity two-stage free piston Stirling cryocooler working around 30 K.

• Author(s) : WANG X., ZHU J., CHEN S., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/07
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics - vol. 80

IIR document

Pulse tube refrigerator with displacer for near room temperature operation.

• Author(s) : ZHU S. W.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental research on the performance of a refrigerant generating bubble pump based on a diffusion generation process with H₂O-HCOOK-R134a.

• Author(s) : LIU Y., TANG J., WANG C., WANG S., WANG Q., CHEN G.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 142
• Formats : PDF

Jordan phases out CFCs one year ahead of schedule

Jordan’s national programme for phasing out the use of CFCs, which aimed at disposing 1500 tonnes of these refrigerants was achieved one year ahead of schedule.

• Publication date : 2012/08/21
• Subjects: Regulation

Wales to launches its own deep freeze ahead of the Six Nations Championship

Wales is to build a cryotherapy chamber at its rugby training base near Cardiff in time for next year’s Six Nations Championship.

• Publication date : 2013/01/28

National Geographic Society sets an example with green headquarters

The National Geographic Society is saving 8 to 11% on energy costs, amounting to USD 300 000 per year, following energy efficiency and water conservation upgrades to its headquarters in Washington DC. The Society’s 100-year-old building...

• Publication date : 2011/08/05

Hypothermia and head injury: a new study

According to certain researchers, hypothermia should not be used to treat traumatic brain injuries.

• Publication date : 2015/11/01

Irregularities found in deadly ammonia leak accident in China

Investigators found that the company illegally built the workshop after completing construction of the plant's main body, blocking the fire exits, according to a statement from the Shanghai work safety supervision bureau.

• Publication date : 2013/12/09

Africa’s first concentrating solar cooling system

Mobile telecommunications company MTN has launched Africa’s first Concentrating Solar Cooling System in its Head office in Johannesburg.

• Publication date : 2014/09/30

Rio+20: support for HFC phase-down

In their final declaration, the Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives of 191 countries who met in June in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (“Rio+20”) have provided support of an HFC...

• Publication date : 2012/09/06
• Subjects: Regulation

IIR Member news: EDF R&D

Following the kind invitation of Ms Bénédicte Ballot-Miguet, Research Engineer, the IIR, represented by F. Billiard, D. Viard and J.L. Dupont, had the pleasure of visiting the Electricité de France's (EDF) R&D Renardières site located near...

• Publication date : 2004/07/27

Out of ordinary: Ötzi’s curse?

Ötzi's curse? Tests run on Ötzi the iceman, the world's oldest and best-preserved mummy, show signs of decomposition. X-rays show grey spots on one knee, indicating gas formation caused by bacteria. The South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology in...

• Publication date : 2006/01/28

An ice barrier to stop radioactive water leaks at Fukushima

In early September, Japan’s government gave the go ahead on a project to create a mile-long artificial permafrost barrier around the Fukushima power station to stop radioactive water from leaking.

• Publication date : 2013/12/04

Artisanal ice cream, the rising star of the Australian ice cream sector to 2017

Artisanal ice cream will show the most growth of the three categories - take home ice cream, impulse ice cream, artisanal ice cream - over the next five years, with both value and volume growing ahead of the sector as a whole, at CAGR of 2.3% and...

• Publication date : 2014/04/04

Montreal Protocol news

- Malaysia expects to phase-out HCFCs by 2030 "Malaysia is expected to completely phase out the consumption of HCFCs by 2030 as scheduled", Natural Resources and Environment Minister Datuk Douglas Uggah Embas said recently. He presented a...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

Appointments: Prof. Don Cleland

Prof. Don Cleland, New Zealand's Delegate to the IIR, was recently appointed Head of the Institute of Technology & Engineering at Massey University, New Zealand.

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Brief: ASHRAE’s new Executive Vice President

Jeff Littleton has been named Executive Vice-President of ASHRAE. He succeeds Frank M. Coda and will head ASHRAE's 100-member staff in Altlanta, USA. Jeff Littleton has considerable business and association experience.

• Publication date : 2004/11/10

Useful site: FRPERC

FRPERC at the University of Bristolhas won a prestigious Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Cooling Industry Award for work on display cabinets for supermarkets. Judith Evans headed the project focused on good control, high efficiency and low...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Discover the newly-elected IIR Section and Commission heads

Welcome the IIR’s new statutory body members!

• Publication date : 2019/08/29

A New Era: Dr Yosr Allouche to become the first woman to head the International Institute of Refrigeration

A new chapter has begun for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) with the triumphant election of Dr Yosr Allouche (39) as the first woman to hold the prestigious position of Director...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Paris Agreement signed and the OEWG37 makes headway

Find out how the Paris Agreement, adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) and signed on 22 April 2016, and advancements at the 37th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (OEWG37) will impact the...

• Publication date : 2016/04/26

A roundup of the top IIR headlines in 2016

Check out the major events that took the spotlight at the International Institute of Refrigeration during 2016.

• Publication date : 2016/12/26

ICR2015 Abstract submission deadline extended!

ICR2015 is gearing up to be more successful than ever with over 880 abstracts already submitted!

• Publication date : 2014/11/04

Deadline extended: Call for nominations for Scientific Prizes at IIR Congress 2023 ends May 27

Don’t miss out on your chance to apply for the prestigious academic and scientific awards to be presented at the upcoming 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration. The deadline for...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

A renewed board and ambition for the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF)

Gérald Cavalier, Director of Cemafroid, took over from Patrick Antoine as head of this century old association

• Publication date : 2013/11/13

The IIR is seeking a Communication Manager

The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris preferably a English-mother-tongue Communication Manager, with fluent French, who will manage the IIR’s communication policy and conferences.

• Publication date : 2013/03/05

The IIR is seeking a Deputy Director

The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris a Deputy Director, with a scientific and technical background. The candidate should be a very good English and French speaker.

• Publication date : 2013/03/05

REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants

Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.

• Publication date : 2015/06/23

New IIR Working Group “Electric vehicle thermal management systems”

This new working group, which focuses on a topical theme, is headed by Xianting Li, new President of Section E.

• Publication date : 2023/10/26

The Beijing Congress

The 22nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration will be held in Beijing, China, on August 21-26, 2007. IIR congresses are held every 4 years in various parts of the world, showing the global influence of the IIR. The previous event was held...

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Visit: Lebanon

In December, 2004, Mr Michel Afram, Managing Director of LARI (Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, a Corporate Member of the IIR), with three members of the Board of LARI, and Mr Fares Charbel, Delegate of Lebanon to the IIR, visited the...

• Publication date : 2005/02/11

Klaus Timmerhaus has died

The IIR is saddened by the death of Dr Klaus Timmerhaus, a distinguished IIR officer. Klaus Timmerhaus was former President of the IIR's General Conference and Head of Section A, Cryology and gas processing. The IIR extends its sincere sympathy to...

• Publication date : 2011/02/15

International events: Wellington

A 1-day celebration of the IIR's centenary took place in Wellington, New Zealand, on October 14, 2008. Papers on the past, present and future of refrigeration technology and industry were presented. Don Cleland, Head of Section C of the IIR's...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends