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  • Energy savings in a milk plant through permanent magnet speed motors (en français)

    A Belgian milk plant reduces by 18 to 21% the necessary energy for cooling through permanent magnet speed motors. (en français)

    • Publication date : 2016/09/09
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  • Indian LNG demand shows rapid growth due to high demand

    The Indian Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas claims that LNG accounted for 41% of India’s total gas consumption in 2012 - 2013 and will account50% in 2013 – 2014: a 25% rise.

    • Publication date : 2014/05/21
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  • Energy trends in German supermarkets.

    According to a recent survey, the average energy used to provide cooling to chilled and frozen displays represents 40% of the total energy demand of German supermarkets.

    • Publication date : 2017/01/27
    • Subjects: Figures, economy
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  • Performance comparison of R1234yf and R134a

    A study published in Applied Thermal Engineering compares the performance of HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf as drop-in alternative in automotive air conditioning systems.

    • Publication date : 2017/05/24
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  • Upsurge for mango market

    A new technology cooperation agreement between Blue Star Limited, India and Fruit Control Equipments, SRL, Italy, along with research organisations in India is set to sow the seeds for an expanding controlled atmosphere technology market over the...

    • Publication date : 2005/09/30
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  • Impact of failures on the performance of refrigeration systems 

    An Australian study assesses the impact of failures of different refrigeration systems on their performance. Various air conditioning systems, refrigerated display cabinets and walk-in cold rooms were put to the...

    • Publication date : 2022/12/12
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  • France: refrigerant demand and emissions data

    According to the Refrigerant Emissions Inventory – Year 2010 published by Mines ParisTech/Armines/ERIE at the request of French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), total refrigerant demand was 10 224 tonnes in 2010, including 80%...

    • Publication date : 2012/07/24
    • Subjects: Figures, economy
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  • Refrigerant management in California

    For HVACR distributors in California who distribute or receive commonly used CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs, life has gotten more complicated since the beginning of 2011. A new programme instituted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) requires...

    • Publication date : 2011/08/08
    • Subjects: Regulation
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  • Unique flow ice application in Tasmania

    A Flow Ice generator, built by Pam Refrigeration in Cape Town, is now in use for the rapid cooling of freshly caught salmon in road tankers for a Tasmanian salmon farm.

    • Publication date : 2014/01/02
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  • Cooling demand is booming

    The boom in cooling demand is already well established for some products in some countries: fridge ownership among Chinese urban households rose from 7% in 1995 to 95% in 2007, for example.

    • Publication date : 2016/05/26
    • Subjects: Figures, economy
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  • Geraud Darnis elected ARI chairman

    Geraud Darnis, President of Carrier Corporation, was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) during the Board meeting on November 14, 2004. He has served on ARI's Board of Directors and...

    • Publication date : 2004/12/22
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  • Nearly 500,000 German cars use 1234yf

    Despite some German opposition to the new car air conditioning refrigerant R1234yf, around 500,000 cars have already been registered in the country with this gas.

    • Publication date : 2015/09/18
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  • CO2 air-conditioning systems in German buses

    During the 12th Karlsruher Fahrzeugklima Symposium in September 2011, new approaches in mobile air-conditioning systems in buses were presented and an overview of a number of CO2 MAC buses in Germany was given.

    • Publication date : 2011/12/15
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  • Forecasts concerning global demand for commercial refrigeration

    According to a recent market report by Freedonia, global demand for commercial refrigeration equipment is forecast so rise by 4.6% annually until 2016 and reach around USD 32 billion.

    • Publication date : 2013/05/23
    • Subjects: Figures, economy
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  • German researchers approach absolute zero

    Physicists at the University of Bremen, Germany have produced the lowest temperature ever recorded, at 38 picoKelvin, which is 38 trillionths of a degree above absolute zero.

    • Publication date : 2021/11/15
    • Subjects: Technology
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  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
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  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
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  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
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  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
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  • Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

    Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

    • Last update : 2023/09/15
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : HFCs
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  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
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  • Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

    This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

    • Last update : 2022/11/17
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
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  • Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

    Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

    • Last update : 2023/01/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Fruit, Vegetables
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends
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  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
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  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends
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  • Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends
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See all results in the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration