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Recommended by the IIR
The nose – our personal high-performance air conditioning system and mighty protector.
Transpiration cooling of a nose cone by various foreign gases.
IIR document
CYTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE STATE OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE NOSE AFTER CRYOTHERAPY.
Next-generation cooling is looking up.
An experimental investigation on transpiration cooling under supersonic condition using a nose cone model.
An experimental investigation on transpiration cooling of wedge shaped nose cone with liquid coolant.
Prediction of microbial and sensory quality of cold smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by electronic nose.
Electronic nose technology in quality assessment: monitoring the ripening process of Danish Blue cheese.
Comparison of efficiency of two preconcentration techniques (SPME and INDEx) coupled to an MS-based "electronic nose".
Optimisation of a multi gas-sensor system, training of the artificial neural network and use of the electronic nose system for quality assessment of whiting (Merlangius merlangus).
Refrigeration sector monitoring
1563 results
Fish packaging with built-in nose
PhD candidate Jenneke Heising is working on packaging with a built-in nose that tells your smartphone how fresh fish is before you buy it.
Water desalination thanks to freezing
A new desalination process involving freezing has been developed and offers an alternative to the shortcomings of other technologies such as distillation or inverted osmosis.
Brief: Freezer in space
Leonardo, the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module used to transport payloads to the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-121 contains a freezer called MELFI (Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer). MELFI, provided by the European...
Eurofreeze Contest for Young Researchers
The International Workshop Eurofreeze 2005 on Individual Quick Freezing of Foods was held in Sofia (Bulgaria) on January 13-15, 2005. It was organized by the Refrigeration Science and Technology Division of the Technical University of Sofia, with...
Reducing food waste through improved use of home freezers
UK consumers currently throw away at least 800 000 tonnes (worth GBP 2 billion) of food each year, due to it ‘not being used in time’, much of which could have been frozen to eat at a later date. Reasons why foods are thrown away rather than...
The freeze on quick-frozen foods
The UK frozen product market has remained stagnant for several years, as was confirmed in 2004 reports. Competing with an innovative refrigerated foods market in full expansion, the sales volume dropped over 2% during 2004, despite having 99%...
New solar-cooling technology for cooling-freezing
Refrigeration is often based on compressor technology which consumes electricity. A recently developed system making it possible to achieve relatively low temperatures solely using solar energy has been designed by PROMES, a laboratory working...
New cryogenic refrigerator to deep-freeze chips
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a compact, solid-state refrigerator capable of reaching very low temperatures (as low as 100 milliKelvin). The refrigerator works using a "sandwich" of normal-...
Joint Irish fridge and freezer recycling scheme
Before the implementation, summer 2005, of the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive), Northern Ireland's and Ireland's Environment departments are working together on a scheme to collect, treat and recycle...
Highly efficient fridges and freezers generate huge energy savings in New Zealand
In New Zealand, better performing, more efficient fridges and freezers allowed energy savings corresponding to NZD 59 million in 2011, according to the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA).
Argentina: new regulation on energy efficiency for refrigerators and freezers
The Government of Argentina recently published the No. 98/2011 regulation specifying stricter energy efficiency standards for all freezers, refrigerators and other refrigeration appliances imported to or sold in Argentina. Under this...
Member news: Star Refrigeration continues to develop Azanefreezer’s production for cold stores
Azanefreezer, an ammonia system, has just been installed in a cold store near Peterborough, UK.
Wales to launches its own deep freeze ahead of the Six Nations Championship
Wales is to build a cryotherapy chamber at its rugby training base near Cardiff in time for next year’s Six Nations Championship.
As of 2019, the EU countries will be obliged to collect and recycle up to 85% of refrigerators and freezers
As of 2019, the EU countries will be obliged to collect and recycle up to 85% of refrigerators, freezers and other electrical and electronic equipment following the endorsement of the revised Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)...
Season’s greetings and a special gift: free access to a popular IJR article!
As we celebrate the holidays, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has a special gift for you! Download for free the most downloaded article of the year from the International Journal of...
IIR news
507 results
Join our training course and officially become a new Ambassador for clean cooling and heating!
Experts and representatives from three sister projects in different regions of the world: ENOUGH in Europe, INDEE+ in India and ACES in Africa are arranging a free one-hour training course on clean cooling and...
Have your say! Complete the survey on the IIR website
10 questions, 3 minutes! Whether you are a frequent visitor or new to our website, participate in the survey!
Join us on Facebook!
Don't miss a thing in the field of refrigeration; The IIR is now on Facebook.
Join the ENOUGH project webinar!
Funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, the ENOUGH project aims to address and reduce emissions from the food sector. Join the project webinar on December 1.
In 2023, join the IIR!
The International Congress of Refrigeration will take place in August in Paris. Remember to take your 2023 membership as soon as possible to benefit from significant discounts when...
Subscribe to the AGRI-COOL Newsletter!
Don't miss out on AGRI-COOL latest updates and advances by subscribing to the project’s upcoming newsletter.
Become a partner of the IIR Congress 2023
Sponsorship opportunities are now available! Don’t miss your chance to support the 26th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration 2023.
Join the IIR to stay up-to-date!
The world of refrigeration is changing rapidly and must continue to accelerate its adaptation to the challenges of climate change: very low greenhouse effect refrigerants, greatly increased energy efficiency,...
Become a member of the IIR to stay up-to-date!
Access, join, engage! The world of refrigeration is changing rapidly and must continue to accelerate its adaptation to the challenges of climate change. Join the IIR and become a part of an international...
Become an IIR member and receive free downloads from Fridoc!
Become an IIR member and download from Fridoc at no additional cost!
How to adapt in a world at 50°C? Learn more at the IMechE conference this September
On September 6-8, 2023, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) will host its 1st International Conference and Workshop on Climate Adaptation and Resilience in London.
Meeting: Eurofreeze 2005
Pôle Cristal Symposium: Les Rendez-Vous Du Pole Cristal 2019
The twelfth edition of the symposium "les rendez-vous du Pôle Cristal" was held in Dinan on Thursday, October 3, 2019.
News from IIR members: Freezcube
FreezCube, developed by Playcube, corporate member of the IIR based in France, has been awarded the Gold Medal at Concours Lépine 2010. FreezCube is a simple monitoring device which provides useful information related to the safety of frozen foods...
A date with Cold Chain Forum in Paris!
Cold Chain Forum is waiting to meet you on October 23 & 24 2013 at la Grande Halle de la Villette, in Paris.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
12 results
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Events
6 results
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Webinar – Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates: Challenges and Innovations
December 09, 2025
France
Objective: To share key insights from the UNEP/IIR Cold Chain Technology Brief: Road Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates, foster dialogue between experts, industry, and policymakers, and promote sustainable...
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Register...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Call for abstracts is open! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration...
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
