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IIR document
Effect of immersion freezing on water migration in Huangguan pears.
Recommended by the IIR
A review of storage temperature recommendations for apples and pears
X-ray CT-based CFD study to investigate the cooling process of packed pear fruit.
Effect of forced-air cooling, low temperature storage and transportation, four retailing methods on quality of pears.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Off grid long term pear storage; feasibility study of storage solely powered by local solar energy.
Recubrimientos de mucílago de nopal y grenetina para mejorar la vida comercial de nectarina arcela mínimamente procesada.
Prickly pear pectin and tasteless gelatine-based coatings to improve the commercial life of minimally processed nectarines.
Building blocks for a digital twin of large cool store complexes.
Cooling rates of fruits and vegetables.
Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: pear (Bartlett)./ Recommandations pour maintenir la qualité après récolte : poire (Bartlett).
Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: pear (Bartlett).
Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: pear (Anjou, Bosc and Comice)./ Recommandations pour maintenir la qualité après récolte : poire (Anjou, Bosc et Comice).
Recommendations for maintaining postharvest quality: pear (Anjou, Bosc and Comice).
Production and preservation of pears.
RESULTS OF AEROSOL TREATMENT FOR MOULD CONTROL ON PEARS.
Organic and integrated grown pears: aspects of postharvest behaviour.
Study on the low temperature hypobaric storage of gold pears.
Poire Elliot cov : date de récolte et condition d'affinage.
Elliot (cov) pear: harvest date and ripening conditions.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
629 results
Briefs: English pears all year round
Tesco, a UK-based retailer, has announced the availability of English pears all year round. Until now, the autumn fruit, which some consider the best in the world, was only available from September-May. Tesco's biggest pear supplier, Adrian...
France: tax on refrigerants does not appear in the public finance draft bill of 2018 (in French)
The tax on refrigerants announced in July 2017 by the French Ministry for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition does not finally appear in the public finance draft bill.
Magnetic-bearing centrifugal compressors
This new compressor technology - presented at the 2003 AHR Expo in Chicago - may have a significant effect on the future of mid-range chillers and rooftop applications in water-cooled, evaporatively cooled and air-cooled chilled-water and...
Briefs: Magnetic-levitation bearing system
The world's first large tonnage magnetic-levitation bearing air-cooled chiller for air conditioning is being installed in the American Embassy in Tokyo. The 2520-kW chiller plant consists of 12 MagLev Chiller modules. OBO, which installed it,...
Installation of a refrigerant separator in Bristol (UK)
After one year of planning, the refrigerant supplier A-Gas has completed the installation of a new refrigerant separator in Bristol.
European heat pump market repartition by energy source
Air continues to be the main energy source (more than 85%) used in the European heat pump markets. The aerothermal heat pump segment is dominated by air/air (with heating functionality) and air/water units used for heating and hot water production.
U.S. Department of Energy funds 15 projects for more efficient cooling of data centres
As part of the country’s goal to achieve net-zero carbon by 2050, over 40 million USD funding to support the development of high-performance, energy efficient cooling solutions for...
In-transit cold treatment facilitates imports of South African fruits in India
A recent agreement between India and South Africa for in-transit cold treatment should benefit South African exporters of apples and pears.
District cooling: A market poised for strong growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
During summer, air conditioning accounts for about 70% of the total electricity consumption.
Refrigeration employment in France: a growing need to replace retiring workers
In its latest sector survey, the Sneffca association highlights the ongoing positive balance between new hires and departures, albeit narrower than in 2021.
AHRI asks US Court of Appeals to review DOE's commercial refrigeration rule
The Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) claims that the Department of Energy’s (DOE) new energy conservation standards for commercial refrigeration equipment may be impossible to meet.
Air paths inside fruit
Microscopically small structures inside pears and apples allow them to "breathe". Researchers at the Catholic University of Leuven and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) have visualized these pathways for the first time, therefore...
Figures: refrigerated storage capacity in the US
In its January 2010 report, the US Department of Agriculture mentions that the general refrigerated storage capacity in the US totaled 107 million gross m3 in October 2009, an increase of 14% from October 2007. Usable refrigerated space in general...
Making ammonia systems safer
Andy Pearson’s keynote presentation at the 2013 IIR Ammonia Refrigeration Technology conference concludes that safety hazards related to ammonia could be mitigated through the correct design of systems, based on real health and safety issues.
Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease
A microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) protocol designed at CEA-I²BM enables high-resolution visualization of amyloid plaques, associated with Alzheimer’s disease, 15-20 years before the first signs of dementia and memory loss appear.
IIR news
223 results
Obituary: S. Forbes Pearson
Dr S Forbes Pearson, one of the most famous IIR person, passed away. The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to his family and relatives.
Activities of the IIR’s Commission A2 on Liquefaction and Separation of Gases
The problems related to thermodynamic optimization and new technologies in liquefaction and separation of gases are actual and critical for many branches of modern industry, power generation and medicine.
A new start
After 20 years serving the IIR as Director General, Didier Coulomb hands over to Yosr Allouche to manage and develop this organisation.
Get ready! Send in your application to the Best student paper competition at ICR 2023
Open to students up to Master’s level (plus one year) from engineering schools, universities or any other comparable higher education institution, the submitted work may focus on any technical area covered by...
We are hiring a Refrigeration Scientist
The Refrigeration Scientist will be responsible for spearheading the design, coordination, and delivery of the IIR Global Refrigeration Outlook, a high-impact, forward-looking publication that identifies key...
IIR publications
The IIR is preparing 4 new publications that will be available by the end of 2007: - a booklet entitled Refrigeration Drives Sustainable Development which is an update of the 2002 report Refrigeration Sector Achievements and Challenges prepared...
UN Climate Change Conference in Bali
- The 13th United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change, which was also the 3rd meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, took place in Bali, Indonesia, on December 3-14, 2007. More than 10 000 persons attended this event which...
The IIR at COP13/CMP3 in Bali
During the United Nations Conference on Climate Change which was held in Bali, Indonesia on December 3-14, 2007, delegates have agreed on both the agenda for the negotiations and a 2009 deadline for completing them. However, the text does not...
Conference update: Ohrid
The 3rd IIR event in a series, Ammonia Refrigeration Technology was held on May 7-9, 2009, in Ohrid, Macedonia. With 95 participants from 24 countries and 32 papers presented, the event was very successful. A key focus of this series of...
Cold off the press: CO2 as a Refrigerant
The new IIR technical guide on the application of “CO2 as a Refrigerant" is now available from our online bookstore.
The First Students and Researchers Network!
During the Prague congress, a great turn-out of 70 young researchers of over 20 different nationalities met face to face with 30 leading experts in various fields of refrigeration.
New publications: Energy Savings
The IIR has published a new version of its guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology; the goal of this completely revised version prepared by Forbes Pearson and several IIR experts and launched during the Bali...
Upcoming conferences: Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation
Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation, an IIR Conference, will be held in Auckland, New Zealand on February 16-19, 2006. Keynote speakers: James Braun, Robert Heap, Forbes Pearson, Satish Kandlikar and Paul Waide....
New publications: Ammonia as a Refrigerant
The new version of the IIR's guide Ammonia as a Refrigerant has just been published! It was prepared by Dr A.B. Pearson, member of IIR Commission E1. The overarching aim is to enhance decision-makers', designers', fitters' and end-users' knowledge...
Learn about the contribution of ammonia pioneers at the IOR historical talk on November 3
Travel back in time and find out more about the early pioneers of ammonia refrigeration at the Institute of Refrigeration's (IOR) historical TechTalk to be held online on November 3.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
15 results
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Events
3 results
IIR event
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Call for abstracts is open! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
