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HVAC&R systems for mango pulp processing.
IIR document
Investigation on the feasibility of using wood pulp fiber paper as substrate of rotary desiccant wheel for dehumidification.
Feasibility study for the application of a high-temperature heat pump in the pulp and paper industry: An Italian case study.
Uso de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como isolante térmico em aquecedor solar de agua.
Sugar cane pulp used as a thermal insulant for a solar water heater.
Optimization of multiple-effect evaporation in the pulp and paper industry using response surface methodology.
Mathematical modeling for heat conduction in stone fruits
Performance evaluation of various fiber paper matrix desiccant wheels coated with nano-adsorbent for energy efficient dehumidification.
Experimental peach conservation assessment under different environmental conditions.
Large-scale mechanical vapor recompression drying process in superheated steam.
Application of refrigeration for debittering table olives.
Industrial heat pumps: electrifying process heat supply in the United States through technology demonstration and market transformation actions.
Strawberry supply chain: Energy and environmental assessment from a field study and comparison of different packaging materials.
Freezing of strawberry pulp in large containers: experimental determination and prediction of freezing times.
Influence of the type of packaging and storage conditions on tamarind (Tamarindus indica) pulp quality.
Coeficientes de transferência de calor efetivos no congelamento com ar forçado de modelos de polpas de frutas em caixas comerciais.
Effective heat transfer coefficients in air blast freezing of fruit pulp models in commercial boxes.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
398 results
Out of ordinary: ice sculpture
Ice Sculptures Unlimited, based in Richmond, Virginia (USA) is specialized in custom-made ice sculptures including company logos, ice bars and food displays.
Incredible Harbin ice sculptures
The 31st International Snow and Ice Festival opened on 5 January 2015 in Harbin, northeast China.
Populations at risk due to lack of cooling
The report Chilling Prospects highlights the growing and unprecedented risks for the 1.1 billion people who cannot access cooling nowadays.
Growing popularity of LNG as a fuel in maritime and land transport
Less than 1% of the world fleet is LNG-powered, but this figure is expected to grow at least fivefold over the coming years. Recent figures suggest that the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel for...
Pulse technology defrosts surfaces in seconds
A team of Japanese and American researchers is developing with a new, fast and efficient technology to defrost surfaces.
Season’s greetings and a special gift: free access to a popular IJR article!
As we celebrate the holidays, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has a special gift for you! Download for free the most downloaded article of the year from the International Journal of...
Frozen avocados to meet the booming global “avo craze”
Frozen avocado pieces or products represent a rising market for exporters to guarantee year-round supply of avocados, which is becoming crucial to the food service sector.
Vegetable ice cream flavors to debut in Japan
Häagen-Dazs has announced the release of two vegetable-flavored ice creams in Japan.
China heat pump market in 2023
Although the country still relies heavily on coal for heating, China is currently the only major market where heat pumps sales grew in 2023, when global sales declined by 3%...
Assessing the market potential of industrial heat pumps in Europe
To address the lack of product development of high temperature heat pumps, a recent article provides manufacturers with an estimate of the industrial heat pump market potential in...
Out of the Ordinary: Ice Magic
Ice Magic in Paris is an ice sculpture exhibition. This year's theme was "Around the World". An insulated pavilion at a temperature of -6°C on the Champs-Elysées housed the temporary exhibition featuring the Coliseum, the Parthenon, the...
US consortium demonstrates first-of-its-kind liquid hydrogen storage tank
A consortium including CB and I, Shell, GenH2, and the University of Houston completed an affordable, large scale liquid hydrogen storage tank concept at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Centre, which will enable...
Out of ordinary: Ice skating inside and out
The National Gallery of Art in Washington DC has an ice-skating rink in its Art Sculpture Garden. Skaters can view sculpture as they skate, then go inside the museum and see paintings of ice skaters, including Gilbert Stuart's The Skater(Portrait...
Out of ordinary
Residents of Harbin, China, are not daunted by their long, cold winters. Instead they celebrate by holding the Harbin Snow and Ice Festival. Organized annually since 1985, the festival draws over a million tourists every winter. Teams of sculptors...
Out of the ordinary: Cool stays
Looking for a refreshingly cool place to stay? Ice hotels in Swedish Lapland and Quebec , Canada make a refreshing change. The Ice Hotel inJukkasjärvi, Sweden, is built (and rebuilt each year) from 10 000 tons of ice and 30 000 tons of snow; it...
IIR news
151 results
ELICiT pulls in the crowds at ICR2015
The second ELICiT project workshop on magnetic cooling welcomed over 70 participants from around the globe.
IIR Member news: Star Refrigeration installs ammonia chillers in an indoor skiing facility
After 90 years of existence, indoor skiing now uses modern and energy efficient technologies. Star Refrigeration participates in this evolution with its ammonia chillers.
Member news: Ultra-low temperatures. NIST creates a more efficient pulse-tube refrigerator prototype
American researchers have created a prototype pulse-tube refrigerator that significantly reduces the time and energy required to reach temperatures close to absolute zero: an exciting advance for the quantum...
Experience the unforgettable in Japan at ICR2015: It’s not just about refrigeration, it’s also about fun!
ICR2015: Discover the plenary speakers, technical tours, and popular tours and activities
IIR website: most downloaded publications in 2023
Discover the three most popular IIR publications of 2023. The focus is on the carbon footprint of the cold chain and cold rooms!
IIR website: best downloads in 2022
Discover the three most popular IIR publications in 2022. The focus is on the economy, women in refrigeration, and the carbon footprint of the cold chain.
Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”
Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2
Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery
New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling
The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.
The importance of heat pump data for policymaking: Insights from the IEA workshop
On January 23, the IIR participated in the workshop “The importance of heat pump data for policymaking and innovation,” organised by the IEA in Paris.
IIR publishes a new Technical Brief: Domestic heat pumps using hydrocarbons - Current status and market overview in Europe
At a time when the energy transition is at the top of the global agenda, the IIR is publishing a new Technical Brief on domestic hydrocarbon heat pumps. This strategic document...
See you at the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference in 2024
Join this co-sponsored IIR conference on heat pumps in China set to be bigger than the first!
Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress
An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...
50% off! Special Heat Pump Day sale on a selection of IIR publications
In celebration of Heat Pump Day 2025, we are offering a 50%-off sale from October 20 to October 24, 2025 on all IIR papers and a selection of IIR guides.
Member news: Carrier launches a high-temperature heat pump with R290
Carrier introduces its first high-temperature air source heat pump designed for commercial applications, using R290 to enhance efficiency.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
14 results
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Events
4 results
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Find out more
IIR event
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
