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IIR document

THE INFLUENCE OF THE RYE-WHEATEN DOUGHS FREEZING AND STORAGE ON THE QUALITY CHANGES OF BREAD.

• Author(s) : SWITKA J.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Bread, Rheology, Bakery, Organoleptic property, Rye, Freezing
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

QUALITE DES PRODUITS DE BOULANGERIE CONSERVES A BASSE TEMPERATURE.

QUALITY OF BAKERY PRODUCTS STORED AT LOW TEMPERATURES.

• Author(s) : KULAGOWSKA A.
• Publication date: 1987/08/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Wheat, Thawing, Bread, Bakery, Organoleptic property, Rye, Chemical property, Freezing
• Source: Development in refrigeration, refrigeration for development. Proceedings of the XVIIth international Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Leavening ability and freeze tolerance of yeasts isolated from traditional corn and rye bread doughs.

• Author(s) : ALMEIDA M. J., PAIS C.
• Publication date: 1996/12
• Languages : English
• Source: Appl. environ. Microbiol. - vol. 62 - n. 12

What lies beneath?

• Author(s) : RYE N.
• Publication date: 2005/05
• Languages : English
• Source: Build. Serv. J. - vol. 27 - n. 5

The influences of multi-irreversibilities on the performance of magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : XIA Z. R., YE X. M., LIN G. X.
• Publication date: 2005
• Languages : Chinese
• Source: Refrigeration - vol. 92 - n. 3

Ozone layer issues: China

China Closes Ozone Depleting Chemical Plants. On July 1, China, the world's largest producer of CFCs and halon, shut down five of its six remaining plants, putting the country two and a half years ahead of the Montreal Protocol's 2010 deadline for...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Ozone layer issues: Montreal Protocol

A recent policy article recommends "further adjustments to strengthen the Montreal Protocol and provide further insurance against the threat of abrupt climate change". According to the authors, "the Montreal Protocol's successful work to protect...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

LNG ship shortage hurts new players

 A lack of available liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers helped push charter rates up this winter and continues to hamper trade for smaller players without access to tonnage, according to shipper Golar LNG (GLNG). Large increases in Asian demand...

• Publication date : 2011/08/04

Phantom Eye completes its second flight

A liquid-hydrogen-powered unmanned spy plane from Boeing’s Phantom Works has successfully completed its second test flight.

• Publication date : 2013/06/19

Creation of Arkema: a new global chemical player

On October 1, 2004, Total put in place a new organization for its chemical business, marked by the creation of a new unit: Arkema, a new global chemical player. Hence, the chemical division is now divided into 3 business units. - Total...

• Publication date : 2004/11/19

Snapshot of air conditioning in the MENA region and Türkiye

The Cool Up programme monitors the status, developments, insights, and good practice examples regarding sustainable cooling in the MENA region.

• Publication date : 2023/06/12
• Subjects: General information

United-Kingdom: company tests a new system for refrigerated food haulage

A company is testing a new insulated-curtain system enabling moveable multi-temperature zones in refrigerated trucks

• Publication date : 2015/02/02

Costco to pay USD 335,000 for R22 leaks

In a settlement announced in September 2014 by the US EPA and Department of Justice, Costco Wholesale Corporation, the second largest US retailer, will have to pay USD 335,000 in penalties and to improve refrigerant management at 274 stores.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19

Cold chain : largest European and global players

Largest players in cold chain warehousing and logistics are from the U.S., China, Japan and the Netherlands.

• Publication date : 2016/12/21
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Potential impact of dichloromethane on the ozone layer recovery

In a study published in Nature Communications, Ryan Hossaini and a team of researchers consider the impact of dichloromethane (CH2CL2) on the ozone layer.

• Publication date : 2017/12/13
• Subjects: Environment, HFCs alternatives, General information

Refrigeration, a key player to eradicate malaria

Refrigeration techniques have been used to develop and preserve the very first malaria vaccine, which has been administered to almost 2 million children since 2019.

• Publication date : 2024/04/25
• Subjects: Developing country

Cuban plant to destroy substances depleting the ozone layer

Cuba will be the first country in Latin America to open a plant meant to destroy CFCs.

• Publication date : 2014/12/03

Research & Development: A cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane

A doctoral student at ETH Zurich's Functional Materials Laboratory has developed a cooling curtain made of a porous triple-layer membrane.

• Publication date : 2017/09/01

The frozen food transport players in France (French)

Today, frozen foods represent at least 20% of the transport activity of perishable goods.

• Publication date : 2015/12/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Refrigeration, a key player in the fight against cancer

Refrigeration technologies are an essential part of the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of several cancers.

• Publication date : 2024/02/02
• Subjects: General information

Conference update: West Lafayette

12th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue and the 19th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue will be held on July 14-17, 2008 in West Lafayette, USA. Deadlines: abstracts - December 17, 2007;...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

News from IIR members: Mayekawa

Mayekawa has supplied 6 Pascal Air units to Fukazawa Reizo's refrigerated fish warehouse in Yaizu, Japan. The Pascal Air units were launched recently and comprise a turbo-type expander, a compressor, a primary cooler and a heat recovery heat...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

News from IIR members: Mayekawa

Watch 3 videos on Mayekawa’s Web site: one deals with Mayekawa’s vision and philosophy, another covers activities at its Moriya plant, and the third one presents Mayekawa’s viewpoints on HCFC phase-out.Jan Boone describes the emphasis placed...

• Publication date : 2012/04/24

News from IIR members: MYCOM Mayekawa

The Japanese compressor manufacturer MYCOM Mayekawa will be introducing its high-efficiency NH3/CO2 cooling system NewTon3000 within the context of the Garden City Ammonia Program (GCAP). GCAP is actively promoting CO2 emissions reduction and...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 4

Today, at COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, high-level discussions continued as delegates, scientists, and policy leaders gathered with renewed urgency to protect the ozone layer and address climate...

• Publication date : 2024/10/31

Available now: All 474 papers from the Purdue Conferences 2018

Welcoming 800 participants from 30 different countries, the 2018 Purdue Conferences took place at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, from July 9 to 12, 2018.

• Publication date : 2019/05/06

Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 2

Today, COP13/MOP36 saw pivotal discussions and decisions aimed at strengthening global compliance and collaboration in the fight to protect the ozone layer

• Publication date : 2024/10/29

Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna

Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

IIR advocates for sustainable air conditioning solutions at HBRC event in Cairo

IIR played a prominent role in the HBRC International Conference held in Cairo from 14 to 17 December 2024. Its representatives led discussions on sustainable air conditioning, emphasising its technical and...

• Publication date : 2024/12/19

Technical visit to the Tokyo fish market

At the ICCC conference last June, attendees had the opportunity to participate in technical visits, including a tour of the Tokyo fish market. Alain Le Bail, President of IIR Commission C2, joined the visit and...

• Publication date : 2024/11/15

Call to Action for World Refrigeration Day

In support of this special day, and with the aim of raising awareness and boosting accessibility of the refrigeration sector from the grassroots up on an international level, the IIR is calling to all stakeholders to actively help bring the HVACR...

• Publication date : 2019/04/01

IIR at COP29 in Baku: Week 1 in review

The first week of COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, brought together global leaders, scientists, and industry stakeholders to tackle pressing climate issues. Among the key participants, the...

• Publication date : 2024/11/17

New IIR Informatory Note on passive cooling

The IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that passive cooling technologies can contribute significantly to reducing energy demand for air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29
• Subjects: Technology

International events: Purdue

The latest Purdue Conferences (19th International Compressor Engineering Conference and 12th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference) took place on July 14-17, 2008, in West Lafayette (Indiana, USA). The total attendance of the...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

IIR wins ECREEE Award for solar cooling and heating efforts in Africa with SophiA

The ECOWAS Sustainable Energy Forum took place in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire on November 28-29. The IIR organised a SophiA workshop and was honoured with an ECREEE Award for its outstanding contribution to...

• Publication date : 2024/12/13

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids