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  • Brief: Frozen fertility

    Women over 30 who have not yet met the man they would like to spend the rest of their lives with and have children before their fertility plummets can now freeze their eggs while waiting for "Mr Right" to come along. The peace of mind comes with a...

    • Publication date : 2004/11/10
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  • Traceability in Finland

    The Finnish government has announced a clampdown on the traceability of fruit and vegetables. Finland's Plant Production Inspection Centre, National Food Agency, provincial governments and municipal food control authorities will work together to...

    • Publication date : 2005/03/15
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  • State of the art on the flammability of HFOs

    An article recently published in the IJR reviews the flammability characteristics of 48 HFOs and blends for various experimental conditions.

    • Publication date : 2020/02/05
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  • Flammability hazards of air conditioners using R290 (propane)

    R290 (propane) attracts a lot of interest as a replacement refrigerant of high-GWP HFCs for household air conditioners, due to its negligible GWP, favourable system performance and relatively low cost. However, it raises some questions due to its...

    • Publication date : 2014/01/02
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  • Assessing indoor air quality: Air conditioning

    The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air conditioning against high CO2 levels. According to a recent KPMG study...

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
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  • Assessing indoor air quality: Air cleaners

    The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air-cleaner market is doing fine. According to the Environmental Protection...

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
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  • US: intensification of research on refrigerant flammability

    AHRI has set up a subcommittee to conduct a review of the safety issues around mildly flammable refrigerants.

    • Publication date : 2015/08/18
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  • Vaccines: a step towards thermostability

    Ensilication of the protein molecules of a vaccine against tuberculosis prevents its deterioration by heat.

    • Publication date : 2019/10/30
    • Subjects: Developing country
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  • GeoExchange coalition: promoting earth-energy heat pumps

    A coalition for the promotion of earth-energy heat pumps, called the GeoExchange Coalition has been formed in Canada. Five electric utilities formed this coalition in an effort to significantly increase the number of annual installations for...

    • Publication date : 2004/09/14
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  • Dynamic controlled atmosphere for better quality apples

    Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) appeared in Canada ten years ago where O2 rates are lowered to 0.5% thanks to a sophisticated system used to monitor fruit quality during the process.

    • Publication date : 2014/03/21
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  • A new tiny satellite cooling system

    Lockheed Martin makes tiny satellite cooling system which is three times more powerful.

    • Publication date : 2015/09/17
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  • Certification for cold logistics: Cool Chain Quality Indicators

    Cool Chain Quality Indicators (CCQI) is the name of the recently developed international standard for certification of the reliability, quality and proficiency of companies active in the cold logistics industry. This standard is aimed at...

    • Publication date : 2004/12/22
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  • Impact of indoor heat on mortality in the elderly

    A team of researchers has developed a model to assess the impact of indoor heat on the health status of populations, and more specifically on the mortality of people over 65 years of age. 

    • Publication date : 2021/06/28
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  • An integrated traceability system: the e-fruit system

    In preparation for the General Food Law, the European Commission decided in 2001 to fund the e-fruitrace project, aimed at achieving food security in the EU through an efficient traceability system based on Internet technologies. With 200,000 euro...

    • Publication date : 2005/06/14
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  • Asia’s largest cold storage facility to run on ammonia

    Ocean Star Aquatic Products Co., Ltd., a seafood processing company in Zhengzhou, Fujian Province, will soon complete the installation of a cold storage facility that is claimed to be the largest not only in China but in the whole of Asia.

    • Publication date : 2012/10/16
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  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
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  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
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  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
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  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
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  • Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

    Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

    • Last update : 2023/01/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Fruit, Vegetables
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  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
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  • Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

    This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

    • Last update : 2022/11/17
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

    Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

    • Last update : 2023/09/15
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : HFCs
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  • Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

    In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

    • Last update : 2022/09/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)
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  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
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  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
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  • For IIR members only

    Global cold storage capacity

    This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

    • Last update : 2021/12/06
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics
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