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IIR document
CFD modelling of the flow of ice slurry in a vertical slit channel.
Ice slurry flow through a vertical slit channel.
Performance assessment of aluminum slitted finned tube heat exchangers with small tube diameters.
Numerical optimization of a heat exchanger with slit fins and vortex generators using genetic algorithms.
Research of the injected effect by the narrow-slit injection orifice in a single screw compressor.
Experimental validation of CFD-based correlations for 5 mm louver- and slit-fin heat exchangers: lessons learned.
Research on injected effect and heat-transfer characteristics of narrow-slit injection orifice used for the screw compressor.
CFD based comparison of slit fin and louver fin performance for small diameter (3mm to 5 mm) heat exchangers.
Numerical analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer in wavy and hybrid-slit-wavy (HSW) fin-and-tube heat exchangers.
Effect of internal structure installed in pressure vessel in HFO-1123 disproportionation reaction.
Performance evaluation of fin-and-tube heat exchangers in an outdoor unit considering air flow mal-distribution.
Influence of different nozzle forms on heat transfer characteristics of quick freezer.
Effects of tube shape on boiling heat transfer of low-pressure refrigerant R1233zd(E) outside horizontal tubes.
Validation experiments on HFO-1123 mixtures: disproportionation reaction and its suppression by internal structure in refrigerant compressor.
A multilayer desiccant dehumidification system.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
660 results
Traceability in Finland
The Finnish government has announced a clampdown on the traceability of fruit and vegetables. Finland's Plant Production Inspection Centre, National Food Agency, provincial governments and municipal food control authorities will work together to...
Brief: Frozen fertility
Women over 30 who have not yet met the man they would like to spend the rest of their lives with and have children before their fertility plummets can now freeze their eggs while waiting for "Mr Right" to come along. The peace of mind comes with a...
State of the art on the flammability of HFOs
An article recently published in the IJR reviews the flammability characteristics of 48 HFOs and blends for various experimental conditions.
Flammability hazards of air conditioners using R290 (propane)
R290 (propane) attracts a lot of interest as a replacement refrigerant of high-GWP HFCs for household air conditioners, due to its negligible GWP, favourable system performance and relatively low cost. However, it raises some questions due to its...
Assessing indoor air quality: Air conditioning
The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air conditioning against high CO2 levels. According to a recent KPMG study...
Assessing indoor air quality: Air cleaners
The quality of indoor air and how to assess it are increasingly raising concern, whether this is related to the efficiency of air-conditioning systems or of air cleaners. Air-cleaner market is doing fine. According to the Environmental Protection...
Cryostimulation may improve sleep quality and mood
A recent study reveals that repeated cryostimulation exposures promote better sleep quality, increased deep sleep, and reduced anxiety, with more pronounced effects in women.
US: intensification of research on refrigerant flammability
AHRI has set up a subcommittee to conduct a review of the safety issues around mildly flammable refrigerants.
Vaccines: a step towards thermostability
Ensilication of the protein molecules of a vaccine against tuberculosis prevents its deterioration by heat.
GeoExchange coalition: promoting earth-energy heat pumps
A coalition for the promotion of earth-energy heat pumps, called the GeoExchange Coalition has been formed in Canada. Five electric utilities formed this coalition in an effort to significantly increase the number of annual installations for...
Dynamic controlled atmosphere for better quality apples
Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) appeared in Canada ten years ago where O2 rates are lowered to 0.5% thanks to a sophisticated system used to monitor fruit quality during the process.
A new tiny satellite cooling system
Lockheed Martin makes tiny satellite cooling system which is three times more powerful.
Certification for cold logistics: Cool Chain Quality Indicators
Cool Chain Quality Indicators (CCQI) is the name of the recently developed international standard for certification of the reliability, quality and proficiency of companies active in the cold logistics industry. This standard is aimed at...
Impact of indoor heat on mortality in the elderly
A team of researchers has developed a model to assess the impact of indoor heat on the health status of populations, and more specifically on the mortality of people over 65 years of age.
An integrated traceability system: the e-fruit system
In preparation for the General Food Law, the European Commission decided in 2001 to fund the e-fruitrace project, aimed at achieving food security in the EU through an efficient traceability system based on Internet technologies. With 200,000 euro...
IIR news
459 results
1st IIR International Cold and Sustainability Conference
The 1st IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain held in Cambridge, UK, on March 29-31, 2010 attracted over 150 participants from 22 countries. Academia, public and corporate research centres, public agencies and administrations, and...
We are hiring a Data Scientist – Refrigeration and Sustainability Analytics
The IIR is seeking a talented and impact-driven Data Scientist to lead the design, analysis, and visualisation of data-driven insights across the refrigeration sector. This role will play a critical part in...
Driving Consistent and High-Quality Training on Alternative Refrigerants Across Europe
Real Alternatives is driving consistent and high-quality training on low-GWP alternative refrigerants across Europe, providing a comprehensive certification system to support the transition away from fluorinated...
The 2nd IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2013): a great success
The 2nd IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2013) took place in Paris on April 2-4, 2013. With 180 participants, 78 papers and three leading edge plenary presentations, the event was highly successful.
New design for the IJR but still quality papers!
As well as original research papers the IJR also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of...
ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”
The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda.
Call for papers: 3rd International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
A call for papers has been announced for the upcoming IIR conference on sustainability and the cold chain in June 2014. Particularly welcome are papers showcasing UK and international innovation in the cold-chain, and practical case studies on the...
7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain – Call for Abstracts Now Open!
The call for abstracts is now open for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, which is due to take place in Newcastle (UK) on April 11-13, 2022.
ICCC 2022: Global experts moving forward on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
With over 50 presentations and over 100 delegates from across the globe, the online conference was a welcomed event in the industry agenda.
Book your place now for the International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
The 7th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain will take place online on April 11 to 13, 2022. Register today!
Conference update: 3rd IIR sponsored International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2014)
Bookings are now open for the 3rd IIR sponsored International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC2014). Early bird rates end March 31, 2014. Further discounts are available for conference speakers, IIR, IOR, and...
Workshop on Supermarkets during the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain
The workshop had the aim of presenting recent findings by the UK EUED joint project on supermarkets, the SuperSmart project and the HPT Annex44 project.
INWIC at ICR 2023: An inspirational event in the fight for gender equality in the refrigeration sector
At ICR 2023, the IIR’s CaRe (Career in Refrigeration) working group organised an INWIC (International Network of Women in Cooling) round table on Monday 21st August 2023. This discussion panel...
IIR Sub-Commission D2 CERTE news
A new president and a meeting in Germany for this very active IIR Sub-Commission on test stations (refrigerated transport).
Two IIR Informatory Notes on hot topics
The IIR has recently published two Informatory Notes on high-stakes subjects: flammable refrigerants and the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in refrigeration and air...
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
13 results
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Events
9 results
Sponsored event
21st International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue
July 12, 2026 - July 16, 2026
West Lafayette, IN, United States
A conference co-sponsored by the IIR Since 1972, Herrick Labs has hosted the premier international conferences on Compressor Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, and...
Find out more
9th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue
IIR event
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
Register...
28th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue
Other event
15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
September 13, 2027 - September 15, 2027
London, United Kingdom
On September 13-15, 2027, the 15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems of City University of London will provide a forum for debate on developments in air, gas and refrigeration...
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
2026 China International Heat Pump Conference
October 13, 2026 - October 17, 2026
Shanghai, China
Following the resounding success of the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference (CHPC 2024) in Shenzhen, which gathered over 850 experts and delegates from 33 countries & regions, the upcoming 3rd CHPC in 2026 is poised to further expand its global...
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
