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Optimal intermediate pressure of vapor compression cycles with vapor-injection using a scroll compressor with vapor-injection and a two-stage reciprocating compressor.
IIR document
Analysis of vapor pressure and VLE of HFOs, HCFOs, and their blends with cubic equations of state.
Vapor–liquid separation in a vertical impact T-junction for vapor compression systems with flash gas bypass.
Enhancement of vapor–liquid separation in vertical impact T-junctions for vapor compression systems with flash gas bypass.
Co-rotating scroll machinery applied to vapor power and vapor compression cycles.
Experimental study of two-phase separators for vapor compression systems in household appliances.
Numerical study on the vapor flow in the freeze dryer.
Exergy analysis of dual pressure HRSG for different dead states and varying steam generation states in gas/steam combined cycle power plant.
Numerical investigation of two-stage vapor compression system with simultaneous vapor and liquid injection.
Variable capacity operation of a vapor ejector equipped with an adjustable needle.
Continuing education for steam system operation and management.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements of HFO refrigerant mixtures.
A methodology for characterization of vapor-injection compressors.
Development of numerical modelling of isobutane vapor ejector.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
167 results
Vapour compression refrigeration for space applications
An IJR review paper presents the history of vapour-compression refrigeration systems used in microgravity environments and sets the next steps of research needed to achieve reliable...
Vapour-compression alternatives to serve future HVAC applications
A March 2014 report* prepared for the US Department of Energy by Navigant Consulting identifies and evaluates 17 technologies which could potentially replace traditional vapour-compression technology in residential and commercial HVAC applications
Freeze-drying of fruit does retain its nutritional goodness
A study at Sheffield Hallam University and Chaucer Foods has found that freeze drying strawberries had no significant impact on their nutrient content.
Comparison of the nutritional values of fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables
Researchers compared nutritional values between frozen, fresh and fresh-stored fruits and vegetables.
India's cold chain industry to double in value by 2017
India's integrated cold chain industry, currently valued at USD 4.08 billion, is expected to reach USD 8.66 billion by 2017, growing at a CAGR of 20%.
Cold storage: sustainable solutions for developing countries with hot climates
Two papers from the recent IIR Congress illustrate the importance of developing the cold chain in developing countries with warm climates. In particular, in India, environmentally-friendly technical solutions...
Maturity level of alternative AC technologies
In a recent review article, the authors assessed air conditioning technologies in Europe according to their Technology Readiness Level (TRL).
Solar ejector refrigeration systems: benefits and latest developments
Two IJR articles present the latest advancements in this technology and in particular the advantages of variable geometry ejectors and low-GWP refrigerants in terms of performance.
Two-phase ejectors: a high potential for energy savings
Two review papers recently published in the IJR highlight ejectors as a promising solution to dramatically improve the efficiency of vapour compression refrigeration systems and outline the challenges that...
Evaporative cooling without adding humidity
Scientists at the University of Harvard have designed a prototype evaporative cooling system called Cold-SNAP that effectively cools air at low cost for both dry and humid climates.
Passive cooling by combining evaporation, radiation and insulation
ICER, a new passive cooling technique, can extend food shelf life by 40% in humid climates and 200% in dry climates with low water-refilling frequences.
Initiatives to promote refrigeration technologies in the developing world
Focus on some initiatives to facilitate access to eco-friendly refrigeration technologies in hot countries.
The environmental benefits of evaporative cooling
An Eurovent study shows that evaporative cooling could help save up to 56,000 tons of CO2 emissions per year in the future in the European Union. Evaporative cooling is present in half of the projects presented by the eight Global Cooling Prize...
Assessment of the environmental impact of domestic refrigerators using LCCP
The environmental impact of domestic refrigerators over their lifetime has been quantified in different configurations (operating cycles, materials, insulation) in a recent IJR article.
Data centres: the challenges of energy-efficient chip cooling
Innovative liquid cooling solutions are under development to further reduce energy consumption in the ever-growing number of data centres.
IIR news
47 results
New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs
Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.
New IIR Informatory Note on evaporative cooling
The latest IIR Informatory Note highlights that evaporative cooling is an energy-efficient technology that has many applications in air conditioning but also in short-term food storage.
COOL-SAVE stakeholders in EU project COOL-SAVE hold a progress meeting in Rome
From July 3-4, stakeholders in EU project COOL-SAVE held a progress meeting in Rome, under the auspices of consortium partner Federalimentare.
Call for industrial partners for joint industry cryogenics project linked to LNG production
Become a project partner: Join the Joint Industry Project of MINES ParisTech – ARMINES “Evaluation of the crystallization risk in LNG production”.
Learn about the contribution of ammonia pioneers at the IOR historical talk on November 3
Travel back in time and find out more about the early pioneers of ammonia refrigeration at the Institute of Refrigeration's (IOR) historical TechTalk to be held online on November 3.
New IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling
Discover the latest IIR Informatory Note that provides a detailed analysis of solar cooling: an environmentally friendly and promising technology.
New IIR Informatory Note on high-temperature heat pumps
IRR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that high-temperature heat pumps are a key technology in the decarbonisation of process industries.
Member news: Efficient Energy has been rewarded for its remarkable growth over the last 4 years
Energy Efficient, an IIR corporate member, ranked third in the latest Deloitte Technology Fast 50 in Germany. This ranking rewards companies based on the percentage increase in their revenue over the last four...
Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2
Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...
New IIR Informatory Note on Whole Body Cryotherapy/Cryostimulation
Providing key insight in the field of cryostimulation, and particularly whole body and partial body cryotherapy, the new Informatory Note of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) explores the...
Call for abstracts now open! 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants
Prospective authors of papers are encouraged to submit 150-200 word abstracts by September 15, 2021.
New IIR Informatory Note on solar cooling and other new publications
The IIR has just published an Informatory Note on solar cooling and has posted the Chinese version of the Informatory Note on the role of refrigeration in worldwide nutrition on its website.
IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration
Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...
Now available: IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference Papers
Download your copy of the proceedings of the 14th Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants. Over 120 technical papers are available!
Member news: Mirai Intex ultra-low temperature refrigeration system at the ACHEMA trade show in Germany
Mirai Intex, corporate member of the IIR, will present its MC 15 C/W/T closed-cycle refrigeration machine at the ACHEMA trade show in August 2022 in Germany.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
