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Étude expérimentale d'un chauffe-eau thermodynamique au propane.
Experimental study of a propane thermodynamic water heater.
IIR document
Modeling of an ammonia–water absorption heat pump water heater for residential applications.
Performance optimization of CO2 heat pump water heater.
Alternate refrigerants for Heat Pump Water Heater Applications.
Semi-open absorption water heater: experimental results.
Modeling and simulation of air-source CO2 heat pump water heater.
Thermal performance evaluation of a solar/gas hybrid water heating system.
Experimental Investigation on One-time Heating R32 Two-stage Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater.
Machine-learning model of electric water heater for electricity consumption prediction.
Effect of the use pattern on performance of heat pump water heater.
Hybrid nanofluid flow in a water heater with intermediate fins and PCM.
Investigation, analysis and solution of higher noise of heat pump water heater.
Transient distribution of refrigerant and oil in a residential heat pump water heater system.
Uso de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como isolante térmico em aquecedor solar de agua.
Sugar cane pulp used as a thermal insulant for a solar water heater.
Recommended by the IIR
Enabling solar power with residential water heater load shifting.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
153 results
Novel catalysts to address overheating in hypersonic aircraft
Researchers at Australia's RMIT University have developed 3D-printed catalysts to address the challenge of overheating in hypersonic aircraft and possibly other industrial...
Heat pump and ice storage for heating and cooling an energy neutral German office building
Schnepf, a German company, has designed its new 2,500 m2 office building with an innovative energy concept, combining ice storage, a heat pump and solar energy.
5th generation district heating and cooling networks in Europe
A recent generation of district heating and cooling networks is developing in Europe, using low temperature renewable energy heat sources (such as shallow...
Spain: action plans for heating and cooling at local level
In June 2024, la Fundación Renovables issued a guide to promote sustainable cooling in Spanish cities with more than 45,000 inhabitants. Solutions include installing heat pumps,...
A semi-hermetic ammonia heat pump for heating and cooling an office complex
An innovative semi-hermetic ammonia heat pump for heating and cooling 40,000 m2 of apartments and business premises was recently installed in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
France: The HFC tax plan defered to January 1, 2019.
A video excerpt of the French finance commission informs the debate on taxes on HFCs.
Reducing the economic costs of a direct-use geothermal heating system
Italian researchers have modelled a polymer heat exchanger to reduce the cost of a direct-use geothermal heating system for a single building in the active volcano district of the...
Global air-to-water heat pump market: modest growth in 2023 amid regional variations
According to JARN, the global air-to-water (ATW) heat pump market increased by 0.2% in 2023, reaching close to 5 million units.
IIR GL2020 conference: Range of CO2 applications
Almost half of the presentations at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen conference in Kyoto focused on CO2, in commercial refrigeration systems but also in many other applications. Overview of these...
Solar-powered modular facade capable of cooling and heating a building
In Germany, researchers are testing a modular solar-powered facade that includes a mini heat pump for heating and cooling, and a decentralised ventilation unit with heat...
Emissions Gap Report 2024: the role of refrigeration in reducing emissions
In its latest report, UNEP outlines the potential for emissions reduction in various sectors, including energy efficiency measured in the buildings sector.
Road to COP28. Extending the temperature range and application for heat pumps
To promote decarbonation, “high temperature heat pumps should be designed using waste heat and renewables as a driving energy, and environmentally friendly working fluids”, according...
Cool like a butterfly wing
New study demonstrates that butterfly wings contain a network of living cells with specific thermodynamic and thermoregulatory properties. Butterfly wings cool down as a result of low solar absorption combined with efficient radiative heat...
Cryopreservation techniques in reproductive medicine: improving cell survival after warming
A recent literature review presents the technical progress in cryopreservation techniques. The vitrification concept is presented as crucial to ensure cell survival after cryopreservation.
New Monaco Yacht Club House to be cooled thanks to ocean water
Monaco’s new yacht club sticks to the sea-water cooling tradition.
IIR news
99 results
New IIR Working Group on Solid-State Cooling and Heating
Initiated by Andrej Kitanovski (Slovenia), this working group's first objective is to promote international research collaboration in the areas of solid-state cooling, heat pumps, and energy...
Interview: Director General of the IIR gives an overview of the trends of the refrigeration sector
In the 2018-2019 international special issue of the Industria & Formazione magazine, Director General of the International Institute of Refrigeration, Didier Coulomb, gives an overview of the impact of the refrigeration sector on climate...
New in the Encyclopedia: updated GWP values for HFCs
Find all the GWP values over 100 years and 20 years for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants.
Member news: Daikin introduces EWYS-4Z: High-Efficiency Cooling and Heating Solution for Industrial and Commercial Needs
The polyvalent EWYS-4Z cooling and heating unit, which runs on R513A, is designed for superior energy efficiency and reduced noise for industrial and commercial applications.
Highlights from COP13/MOP36 – Day 4
Today, at COP13/MOP36 in Bangkok, high-level discussions continued as delegates, scientists, and policy leaders gathered with renewed urgency to protect the ozone layer and address climate...
Next Generation Cooling: World Refrigeration Day Announces 2023 Theme
Titled "Next Generation Cooling", the WRD 2023 campaign will focus on the future of cooling technology, the industry, the people working within it, and those that benefit from cooling.
Paris Agreement adopted during COP21: an accepted common framework for all nations
The Paris Agreement which was adopted during the Conference of Parties (COP21) on climate change is of the utmost importance.
COP23 and MOP29 highlight the impact of refrigeration on the environment
As an independent intergovernmental organisation, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is actively involved in international events related to the climate.
IIR Conference overview: 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants - TPTPR2017
With over 150 participants from 12 countries, the 5th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants featured 85 technical presentations, including six plenary keynote lectures.
Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2
Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...
ACES Inaugural Conference: “The Hot Reality: Living in a +50°C World”
The Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain (ACES) hosted a series of events from 17 to 19 October 2023, at ACES headquarters at Rubirizi Campus in Kigali, Rwanda.
Latest news from B-Medical Systems, Epta and GEA, three IIR corporate members
B Medical Systems, a global leader in the vaccine cold chain, is expanding its production capacity due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Epta monitors R290 fridges in cashier-free store in Dubai and GEA provides a...
Download the new IIR Informatory Note on Solar Cooling
Solar cooling may have a very positive environmental impact reducing the usage of fossil fuel, and the technology is almost mature enough to compete with conventional cooling equipment.
Call for abstracts now open for the IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2020
Don’t miss the deadline! 14th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2020 invites delegates to submit abstracts
How to adapt in a world at 50°C? Learn more at the IMechE conference this September
On September 6-8, 2023, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) will host its 1st International Conference and Workshop on Climate Adaptation and Resilience in London.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
8 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
