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LHP heat transfer performance: a comparison study about sintered copper powder wick and copper mesh wick.

• Author(s) : WANG Y., CEN J., JIANG F., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pipe, Electronics, Copper, Heat transfer, Cooling, Performance, Wick, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 92

Copper pipework support and routing.

• Author(s) : IoR
• Publication date: 2017/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Plant (equipment), Pipe, Copper, Heat pump, Guide, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Formats : PDF

Pool boiling heat transfer enhancement with copper nanowire arrays.

• Author(s) : SHI B., WANG Y. B., CHEN K.
• Publication date: 2015/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Pool boiling, Copper, Heat transfer, Performance, Heat flux, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 75

IIR document

Low-temperature emissivity of thin AL2O3 layers deposited on copper substrate.

• Author(s) : FROLEC J., KRALIK T., NYMAN L., PUDAS M., KALLIO E.
• Publication date: 2021/10/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Low temperature, Alumina, Copper, Cryogenics, Emissivity, Measurement
• Source: Cryogenics 2021 online. Proceedings of the 16^th IIR International Conference, October 5-7, 2021.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigation on adhesion force of TBAB hydrate to cooling copper surface.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., MURASE M., EHARA K., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Copper, Measurement, Adhesion, PCM, Hydrate slurry, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 78
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effects of weak magnetic fields on frosting process on surface of copper tube.

• Author(s) : ZHAO H., WANG L., LAI Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Frosting, Copper, Tube, Expérimentation, Magnetic field
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Active control of ice adhesion force to copper surface by varying surfactant concentrations.

• Author(s) : MATSUMOTO K., MINAMIYA K., KUBOTA H.
• Publication date: 2017/04
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Surfactant, Ice, Copper, Measurement, Adsorption, Adhesion, Microscopy
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 76
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Experimental study of frosting cleaning process on superhydrophobic copper surface.

• Author(s) : LI Y., LI M., DANG C., CHEN H.
• Publication date: 2023/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Finned tube, Heat exchanger, Frosting, Dust, Cleaning, Copper, Expérimentation, Defrosting
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 151
• Formats : PDF

Optimization of MicroGroove Copper Tube Coil Designs for Flammable Refrigerants.

• Author(s) : COTTON N. D., RHOADS A., BORTOLETTO A., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R600a, Isobutane, Copper, Tube, Design, R290, Prototype, Propane, Optimization, Flammability, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Flow boiling heat transfer of R1234yf on a microparticle coated copper surface.

• Author(s) : MANCIN S., DIANI D., VEZZÙ S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R1234yf, Copper, Measurement, Heat transfer, Coating (materials), Surface, Flow, Boiling
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study on thermally regenerative battery based on copper/ammonia with low-grade waste heat.

• Author(s) : KO M. K., LEE S., KANG Y. T.
• Publication date: 2024/06/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Battery, Copper, Ammonia, Waste heat, Industry, Retrofitting, Electricity
• Source: 8^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: June 9-11 2024
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

New copper-based heat exchangers for R744 refrigerant. 2 : System design and case studies.

• Author(s) : SHABTAY Y., BLACK J. R. H., COTTON N. D.
• Publication date: 2015/04/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Copper, Tube, Design, R744, Coil, Refrigerant, Heat exchanger, CO2
• Source: 6^th Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technology. Proceedings: Ohrid, North Macedonia, April 16-18, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Suppression of frost layer growth on glass or copper surfaces with micro-scale lattice-patterned grooves.

• Author(s) : YONEZAWA S., AGUI H., OHKUBO H., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Condensation, Crystal, Expérimentation, Droplet, Plate, Glass, Copper, Frost
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 106
• Formats : PDF

Study on heat transfer enhancement of lotus-type porous copper heat sink.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : WU J., LIU Y., LI Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/06
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : Groove, Enhancement, Copper, Microchannel, Heat transfer, Simulation, Heat exchanger
• Source: Journal of Refrigeration - vol. 37 - n. 169
• Formats : PDF

Comparison study of bio-growth in commercial AHU’s using copper heat exchangers and components.

• Author(s) : HIPCHEN J., HOGAN A., POWELL D.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Copper, Comparison, Commercial application, Mould, Air treatment, Microbiological quality, Heat exchanger
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

First antimicrobial copper air-handling unit lauched in Europe

The first antimicrobial copper coil air-handling unit was produced last autumn in Europe

• Publication date : 2012/03/08

GL2012 highlights: low-charge propane air-conditioning system using small section copper tubes

Propane air conditioner with smaller copper tubes and a smaller (and thus safer) refrigerant charge.

• Publication date : 2012/09/28

A free guide for copper pipework support and routing

The IoR published a bulletin providing guidance on pipework support methods for copper pipework designed to contain refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2017/05/22

District cooling in Gulf Cooperation Council countries

The Gulf Cooperation Council is the second largest district cooling market after the Americas with a total installed capacity of 4.1 MN RT (14,500 MW).

• Publication date : 2015/06/11

UK younger shoppers neglect their freezers

Freezers across the UK are ‘neglected’, ‘under-used’ and ‘under-appreciated’, with younger shoppers dubbing them ‘graveyards’ for food that is soon to go off, according to the latest consumer research from IGD ShopperVista.

• Publication date : 2014/11/24

Doors on supermarket refrigerators inhibit shoppers

A shopping research company from the UK studied the impact that doors on supermarket refrigerators have on consumers' behaviour.

• Publication date : 2018/06/26

Squid skin inspires research on next-generation space blanket

Next-generation space blankets could be made of a thermoregulatory material inspired by the functioning of squid skin, which changes color.

• Publication date : 2019/05/29

India ice cream market is expected to grow fast.

India ice cream market is forecast to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate of over 17% during 2016-2021.

• Publication date : 2017/03/08
• Subjects: Figures, economy

China issues action plan to advance its heat pump industry

In April 2025, a group of China’s ministries and governmental bodies jointly released an “Action Plan for Promoting High-Quality Development of the Heat Pump Industry”.

• Publication date : 2025/05/19
• Subjects: General information, HFCs alternatives

Developing cold chain solutions in West Africa

African providers of cold storage solutions have entered into a strategic regional partnership to develop the cold chain business in African countries.

• Publication date : 2021/06/14
• Subjects: Developing country

India seeks New Zealand’s help for developing cold storages

India has sought expertise from New Zealand in development of cold storages in the country, where fruits and vegetables go waste every year due to inadequate storage infrastructure.

• Publication date : 2013/09/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Member news: Star Refrigeration continues to develop Azanefreezer’s production for cold stores

Azanefreezer, an ammonia system, has just been installed in a cold store near Peterborough, UK.

• Publication date : 2019/11/29

UNIDO project to help green Gambia’s refrigeration and air-conditioning sector

The Gambia and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) will implement a demonstration project to reduce greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances in the country's refrigeration and air-conditioning sector.

• Publication date : 2014/02/04
• Subjects: Environment, General information

Trends and Figures: Increase in AC prices in Asia

According to 2 articles in JARN, the prices of air conditioning are starting to show the effects of the rising raw materials prices, including those of copper, steel and aluminium. There are claims that the prices of these essential metals, in...

• Publication date : 2006/11/15

Briefs: US supermarkets: CO2 gains ground

Being already largely used in Europe, CO2 refrigeration systems might see important development in North American supermarkets. The medium-size retail chain Price Chopper Supermarkets has installed a cascade system using CO2 in the low-temperature...

• Publication date : 2008/08/12

ERC Grant Awarded to Steffen Grohmann for Advancing Cryogenic Technology

Steffen Grohmann, President of IIR Commission A1, receives an advanced grant from the European Research Council for his innovative cryogenic technology project: GRAVITHELIUM, a key technology for the Einstein...

• Publication date : 2024/04/26

Member news: Linde to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computers

Linde, corporate member of the IIR, partners with Bluefors to develop cryogenic cooling solutions for quantum computing technology. 

• Publication date : 2021/04/29

Policy brief available to download: Developing the cold chain in the agrifood sector in sub-Saharan Africa

A focus on the importance of the cold chain in reducing post-harvest losses

• Publication date : 2016/02/17

Ohrid 2015: Ammonia and CO2 refrigeration technologies at the forefront

In light of the intense debate on the F-Gas regulation, its implementation worldwide, as well as proposed amendments to the Montreal Protocol, the conference provided the ideal forum for the exchange of knowledge on ammonia and CO2 technologies.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

Celebrating Heat Pumps Day with Björn Palm: Scientific Leadership and IIR Engagement

In celebration of Heat Pumps Day, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) is proud to spotlight the work of Professor Björn Palm, a leading figure in the field of thermal systems and energy...

• Publication date : 2025/10/20
• Subjects: General information

Heat pumps, the central theme of the recent IIR Congress

An overview of the research carried out in the field of heat pumps, with the aim of achieving greater flexibility and increased energy efficiency, in particular through to the use of thermal energy...

• Publication date : 2023/10/24

News from IIR members: Cemafroid

Cemafroid and the National Centre for Cold chain Development (NCCD) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) within framework of cooperation in the cold-chain field in India.

• Publication date : 2013/05/23

World Ozone Day 2025 - 40 Years of Global Commitment

Join the International Institute for Refrigeration (IIR) in supporting the Ozone Secretariat on World Ozone Day 2025 marking the 40th anniversary of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer....

• Publication date : 2025/09/16
• Subjects: Environment

INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes

Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway)  to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15

Statement from IIR Director General at MOP37

Statement delivered by Dr. Yosr Allouche, IIR Director General, on November 7, 2025 at MOP37, in Nairobi, Kenya.

• Publication date : 2025/11/07
• Subjects: General information, Environment, Regulation

South Korea joins Horizon Europe

South Korea, an active IIR member country, is the first Asian country outside Europe to officially join the EU’s research and innovation programme, Horizon Europe, from 2025.

• Publication date : 2024/04/26

Working Group on the thermal management systems for electric vehicles

The IIR has decided to set up a working group on this subject. Experts from different countries are invited to join. We need you!

• Publication date : 2024/04/26

Walk-In Cold Rooms: A Practitioner’s Technical Guide

In many developing countries, agriculture is crucial to livelihoods, and developing the cold chain from field to table can boost incomes and stimulate economic growth. Cold stores are an essential link in the...

• Publication date : 2024/01/24
• Subjects: General information

UN Environment and IIR reinforce partnership

In order to formalise their existing partnership, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the UN Environment signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the 31st Meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP).

• Publication date : 2020/02/19

IIR National Committees: Discover the new bureau of the US National Committee

Following the February 2025 meeting of the USNC/IIR committee meeting, find out more about the new bureau and their activities.

• Publication date : 2025/03/10

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

André Lebon

André Lebon (1859 – 1938). Membre fondateur de l’Association Internationale du Froid puis de l’Institut International du Froid

• Last update : 2025/06/17
• Langues : French
• Themes : History of refrigeration

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information