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  • A ground source heat pump at Cornell

    The Bloomberg Center at the tech campus of Cornell University (New York, USA) was recently equipped with a Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP).

    • Publication date : 2018/04/18
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  • CERN milestone

    CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research and a corporate member of the IIR, has announced that an important milestone was reached in August 2005 with the installation of the two largest magnets ever built for experiments at CERN. On...

    • Publication date : 2005/10/26
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  • Briefs: CERN

    CERN is to inaugurate its Large Hadron Collider and is staging an event on May 31-June 1, 2007 in conjunction with the launching. Register for the Symposium for the Inauguration of the LHC Cryogenics:

    • Publication date : 2007/05/04
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  • Brief: cooling newborns

    A recent study demonstrated that cooling newborns having suffered from oxygen deprivation helps prevent brain damage. Medically induced hypothermia reduced the risk of death by 13% and the risk of cerebral palsy by 11%.

    • Publication date : 2006/01/28
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  • CERN’s 50th anniversary

    On October 19, 2004, CERN (Centre Européen de Recherche Nucléaire: European Organization for Nuclear Research) will officially celebrate its 50th anniversary in a ceremony to be attended by the Spanish, French and Swiss Heads of State, along with...

    • Publication date : 2004/11/19
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  • Airborne cool chain

    Have you ever wondered how many tonnes of perishable foods take to the air each year? Recent data show that of the 19-25 million tonnes of air freight transported annually, perishables, including fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, cut flowers and...

    • Publication date : 2005/02/11
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  • Briefs: CERN: LHC relaunch

    CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will initially run at an energy of 3.5 TeV per beam when it starts up in November this year. All tests on the machine's high-current electrical connections have now been completed and demonstrate that no further...

    • Publication date : 2009/12/09
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  • Briefs: AHRI is born

    The Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA) have merged as of January 1, 2008. The merged association has become the Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI)....

    • Publication date : 2008/02/12
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  • US: top 10 foodborne bugs

    Campylobacter, salmonella and Listeria are among a handful of foodborne bugs that cost the US billions of dollars a year and affect the quality of life for millions of victims according to new research. A study performed by the University of...

    • Publication date : 2011/08/03
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  • Forecasts concerning global demand for commercial refrigeration

    According to a recent market report by Freedonia, global demand for commercial refrigeration equipment is forecast so rise by 4.6% annually until 2016 and reach around USD 32 billion.

    • Publication date : 2013/05/23
    • Subjects: Figures, economy
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  • IIR corporate members news: CERN is 50

    On October 19, 2004, CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), a corporate member of the IIR, officially celebrated its 50th anniversary in a ceremony attended by many government representatives to pay tribute to the discoveries made by...

    • Publication date : 2005/02/11
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  • The incidence of foodborne infections in France

    A report, dated May 10, 2004, from the French Health Monitoring Agency (InVS) evaluated, from the analysis of available data, the incidence of foodborne infections in France. Over 200 diseases of bacterial, viral and parasitic or toxic origin are...

    • Publication date : 2004/07/15
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  • Liquid crystal technology speeds up foodborne pathogen detection

    Crystal Diagnostics has pioneered liquid-crystal technology that enables smart fast detection of bacteria and other dangerous pathogens such as E. coli in foodstuffs.

    • Publication date : 2012/02/28
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  • CERN’s LHC on a hunt for Higgs boson

    Two experiments led at CERN, ATLAS and CMS, attempt to discover data hinting at the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, a particle which is crucial to the Standard Model in physics.

    • Publication date : 2012/03/09
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  • Climate change: CERN is to investigate the climate

    Besides the Large Hadron Collider project (see "Technology"), CERN is at the forefront of a wide range of other projects including one designed to investigate the influence of galactic cosmic rays on the Earth's clouds and climate: for the first...

    • Publication date : 2007/02/12
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  • Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

    Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

    • Last update : 2023/01/16
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Fruit, Vegetables
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  • Kigali Amendment status per country

    List of the 160 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of July 2, 2024.

    • Last update : 2024/07/02
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)
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    Justice hammer and green earth

  • Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

    From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

    • Last update : 2023/06/30
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Ice creams
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  • Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

    Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

    • Last update : 2023/03/10
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information
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  • Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

    In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

    • Last update : 2022/09/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers
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  • For IIR members only

    Global cold storage capacity

    This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

    • Last update : 2021/12/06
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics
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  • Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

    This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

    • Last update : 2022/01/20
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)
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  • For IIR members only

    Heat pump stock in Europe

    This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

    • Last update : 2021/12/14
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO
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  • Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO
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  • Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends
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  • Hydrocarbon refrigerants

    Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

    • Last update : 2022/06/22
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction
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  • Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

    Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

    • Last update : 2023/06/23
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : LNG and LPG
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  • Nanorefrigerants

    Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

    • Last update : 2022/06/17
    • Langues : English, French
    • Themes : Nanofluids
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  • Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

    The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

    • Last update : 2023/11/07
    • Langues : French, English
    • Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs
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See all results in the Encyclopedia of Refrigeration