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IIR document

Visual experimental research on the effect of nozzle orifice structure on r124-DMAC absorption process in a vertical bubble tube.

• Author(s) : JIANG M., XU S., WU X., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/08
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Structure, Bubble, Nozzle, Vertical tube, Absorbent, R124, Orifice, Expérimentation, DMF, DMA
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 68
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Fuzzy modeling approach for transient vapor compression and expansion cycle simulation.

• Author(s) : KIM D., MA J., BRAUN J. E., GROLL E. A.
• Publication date: 2021/01
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 121
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Research on oxidation decomposition mechanism of fluoroethane.

• Author(s) : FENG B., ZHAO G., YANG Z., WANG D., MA S.
• Publication date: 2023/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 148
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Density data for carbon dioxide (CO₂) +trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (R-1234ze(E)) mixture at temperatures from 283.32 to 353.02K and pressures up to 10MPa.

• Author(s) : FU Y., VALTZ A., AHAMADA S., HU H., COQUELET C.
• Publication date: 2020/12
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 120
• Formats : PDF

Density of the refrigerant fluids of R365mfc and R152a: measurement and prediction.

• Author(s) : ABDALLA M. E., PANNIR. S.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Method of measuring the vapor pressure and concentration of fluids using VLE and vibrating tube densitometer apparatuses.

• Author(s) : ABDALLA M. E., PANNIR. S.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Investigations on the coupling principle of the four-stage DC linear compressor unit used in a hybrid cryocooler operating in 1–2 K.

• Author(s) : ZHAO Y., TAN J., ZHAO B., TAN H., XUE R., WU S., ZHAI Y., WU D., MA D., DANG H.
• Publication date: 2023/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 149
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

REFRIGERANT-ABSORBENT MIXTURES BASED ON THE REFRIGERANT R134A.

• Author(s) : BORDE I., JELINEK M., DALTROPHE N.
• Publication date: 1991/08/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Diagram, Absorbent, Performance, Refrigerant, DMA
• Source: New challenges in refrigeration. Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Refrigeration, August 10-17, 1991, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

VISCOSITY AND DENSITY OF REFRIGERANT ABSORBENT AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE.

• Author(s) : JELINEK M., DALTROPHE N. C., BORDE I.
• Publication date: 1991/08/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Viscosity, R134a, Measurement, Absorbent, Mixture, Refrigerant, DMA
• Source: New challenges in refrigeration. Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Refrigeration, August 10-17, 1991, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Working substances for absorption heat pumps based on R32.

• Author(s) : BORDE I., JELINEK M., DALTROPHE N. C.
• Publication date: 1995/08/20
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Absorption system, R32, Heat pump, Performance, DMA
• Source: For a Better Quality of Life. 19th International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A MEMBRANE FRACTION FROM RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS CHUSS) MUSCLE CATALYZING THE CONVERSION OF TMAO (TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE) TO DMA (DIMETHYLAMINE) AND FORMALDEHYDE.

• Author(s) : PARKIN K. L., HULTIN H. O.
• Publication date: 1981
• Languages : English
• Source: Advances in the refrigerated treatment of fish.
• Formats : PDF

Spray formation of binary organic solution for an absorption refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : ORIAN G., JELINEK M., LEVY A.
• Publication date: 2006/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Spray, Design, Absorption system, R22, Binary mixture, Expérimentation, DMA, Absorber
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 26 - n. 8-9

IIR document

P-T-X BEHAVIOUR OF REFRIGERANT-ABSORBENT PAIRS.

• Author(s) : BHADURI S. C., VARMA H. K.
• Publication date: 1985
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Absorption system, R22, R12, Thermodynamic property, Mixture, Hydrocarbon, Refrigerant, DMA
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 8 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

DIMETHYLAMINE (DMA) AND FORMALDEHYDE (HCHO) PRODUCTION IN FRESH RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS CHUSS): THE EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIAL OXYGEN PERMEABILITY AND CELLULAR DAMAGE.

• Author(s) : LUNDSTROM R. C., CORREIA F. F., WILHELM K. A.
• Publication date: 1981
• Languages : English
• Source: Advances in the refrigerated treatment of fish.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Thermodynamic properties of working-fluid pairs with R134a for absorption refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : NEZU Y., HISADA N., ISHIYAMA T., et al.
• Publication date: 2002/09/17
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, Diagram, TEGDME, Absorption system, Absorbent, Enthalpy, DEGDME, Concentration, DMF, DMA
• Formats : PDF

Buildings: heating and cooling equipment roadmap

At the request of the G8, IEA is developing a series of roadmaps for some of the most important technologies needed for achieving a global energy-related CO2 emissions target in 2050 of 50% below current levels. Energy-efficient Buildings: Heating...

• Publication date : 2011/08/11

IEA “Net Zero by 2050” roadmap: the role of the refrigeration sector

In its latest report, the IEA stresses that the path to net‐zero emissions by 2050 is narrow. In this context, the refrigeration sector, including heat pumps, has an important role to play. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/29
• Subjects: Environment

Infants with brain damage benefit from cooling

Doctors at the UC Davis Medical Center have been using a cooling technique to help children born with brain damage. Instead of being placed in blankets after birth, the infants are being cooled in order to prevent further brain damage from occurring.

• Publication date : 2012/07/31

Briefs: China, Fiji, Jamaica and Senegal

China, Fiji, Jamaica and Senegal have won 2003 Outstanding National Ozone Unit Awards in recognition of their achievements in terms of compliance with their Montreal-Protocol commitments. A panel comprising representatives of the Multilateral...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Brazilian cold chain panorama

An article from the International Journal of Refrigeration presents a few figures about the infrastructure, energy sources and expenditure of the Brazilian cold chain.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Heat pump sales grew dramatically in Europe in 2021

According to the 2022 market report by the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), heat pump sales grew by +34% in 2021, compared to a +7.4% growth in 2020.

• Publication date : 2023/01/16
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Coldest ever molecules

Physicists at Yale University claim to have achieved the coldest ever molecules through direct cooling.

• Publication date : 2014/10/01

Mauritius breaks record with the largest diesel/photovoltaic system installed

One of the world’s largest diesel/photovoltaic hybrid systems is to be installed in a supermarket in the city of Flacq, Mauritius.

• Publication date : 2014/10/06

Squid skin inspires research on next-generation space blanket

Next-generation space blankets could be made of a thermoregulatory material inspired by the functioning of squid skin, which changes color.

• Publication date : 2019/05/29

The European Commission has initiated an evaluation of the Regulation n°1005/2009 on ozone-depleting substances (ODS)

The European Commission recently published a roadmap ahead of the evaluation of the effectiveness of European ODS Regulation n°1005/2009.

• Publication date : 2017/09/05
• Subjects: Regulation

HFCs to be taxed in France in the near future?

In the “Roadmap for the Environmental Transition” published after the “Environmental Conference” held on September 14-15, 2012 in Paris, the French government raised the possibility of examining a potential tax on fluorinated gases used as...

• Publication date : 2012/10/23
• Subjects: Regulation

Global refrigerant market forecast to 2022

MarketsandMarkets published a report which estimates global refrigerants markets at USD 14.49 Billion in 2017 .

• Publication date : 2017/10/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Global markets: natural refrigerants, refrigerated road transport and refrigerated warehousing

Marketsandmarkets and Technavio recently provided projections of the global natural refrigerants market, the global refrigerated road transportation market and the global refrigerated warehousing market for for the next years.

• Publication date : 2017/06/06
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Global district cooling market

According to a new report from MarketsandMarkets (information provided by ReportLinker), global district cooling market is growing at 11.4% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) until 2019.

• Publication date : 2014/10/13

Refrigerant Market worth USD 21 Billion by 2020

The global refrigerant market is forecast to reach USD 21 billion by 2020, growing at a CAGR of 6 % from 2015 to 2020, according to a report published by MarketsandMarket.

• Publication date : 2015/09/16
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Yokohama e yokoso !

From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...

• Publication date : 2015/08/18

The Congress in Yokohama: a great success!

In Yokohama, the International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR2015), a huge milestone in the refrigeration sector, saw a massive amount of information disseminated and certainly lived up to expectations with almost 1,200 conference delegates, 143...

• Publication date : 2015/09/16

Special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) on boiling and condensation of refrigerants

A landmark special issue of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) on boiling and condensation of refrigerants has just been published.

• Publication date : 2013/03/29

News from IIR members: Tecumseh do Brasil

Tecumseh do Brasil has reached a landmark of 170 million compressors manufactured since the company was set up 35 years ago. The company manufactures hermetic compressors and condensing units for domestic and commercial refrigeration and air...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

UNEP events: the Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol: Celebrating 20 Years of Progress The Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer will celebrate the 20th Anniversary of the signature of this landmark international treaty, which is widely...

• Publication date : 2007/08/05

Happy World Ozone Day!

On behalf of UN Environment Programme (UNEP) OzonAction, it gives us great pleasure to wish you a happy World Ozone Day.

• Publication date : 2020/09/16
• Subjects: Developing country, Environment

The “Projects on clean and efficient refrigeration solutions for food and healthcare sectors in developing countries” workshop at ICCC 2022

An IIR workshop which has gathered the current projects in developing countries that will help to raise awareness among the industry, farmers, policymakers, and consumers… on the importance of adopting a...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

UN Environment and IIR reinforce partnership

In order to formalise their existing partnership, the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the UN Environment signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) during the 31st Meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP).

• Publication date : 2020/02/19

ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050

The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.

• Publication date : 2021/10/29

ICR2015: Early Bird Registration now open

Registration is now open for the much anticipated 24th ICR will be held at Yokohama, Japan from 16 to 22 August 2015.

• Publication date : 2015/01/30

The IIR launches a call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!

All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...

• Publication date : 2020/10/02
• Subjects: General information

Call to action to adopt 5 internationally established refrigeration terms!

All professionals in the field of low-temperature technologies are called and are strongly encouraged to strictly adhere to the internationally established and approved definitions, by the International...

• Publication date : 2020/09/28
• Subjects: General information

Conference update: Antony

1st IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Antony, France, on April 6-7, 2009. Contact helene.macchi@cemagref.fr to register and present...

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. The main themes are: design of low-refrigerant charge systems thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/03/07

Conference update: Stockholm

The 2nd IIR Workshop on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems will be held in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 16-17, 2010. Key themes include: design of low-refrigerant charge systems; thermodynamics in compact heat exchangers; design...

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Kigali Amendment status per country

List of the 160 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of July 2, 2024.

• Last update : 2024/07/02
• Langues : English
• Themes : Regulations and standardization (Montreal and Kyoto Protocols…)

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids