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Flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of nitrogen in plain and wire coil inserted tubes.

• Author(s) : YUN R., HWANG J. S., CHUNG J. T., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer - vol. 50 - n. 11-12

IIR document

Effect of defrost frequency of defrost efficiency, defrost heat load and coolstore performance.

• Author(s) : SUJAU M., BRONLUND J. E., MERTS I., et al.
• Publication date: 2006/02/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation.
• Formats : PDF

Efectos de la frecuencia de desescarche: eficiencia y carga térmica del desescarche, y rendimiento del almacén refrigerado.

Effect of defrost frequency of defrost efficiency, defrost heat load and coolstore performance.

• Author(s) : SUJAU M., BRONLUND J. E., MERTS I., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/12
• Languages : Spanish
• Source: IIF-IIR/Frío Calor Aire acond. - vol. 35 - n. 398
• Formats : PDF

Effect of the gamma radiation on histamine production, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters during storage at two different temperatures in sardine (Sardina pilchardus).

• Author(s) : MALTAR-STRMECKI N., LJUBIC-BEER B., LASKAJ R., et al.
• Publication date: 2013/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 34 - n. 1

Recovery and reproduction of tardigrades frozen for over 30 years

Scientists managed to resuscitate tardigrades and have them reproduce although they had been frozen since 1983!

• Publication date : 2016/08/17

Cryopreservation techniques in reproductive medicine: improving cell survival after warming

A recent literature review presents the technical progress in cryopreservation techniques. The vitrification concept is presented as crucial to ensure cell survival after cryopreservation. 

• Publication date : 2020/11/27

A blueprint HCFC and CFC phase-out regulation in France

French owners of refrigerating equipmement might have to cease all use of HCFCs before late 2017.

• Publication date : 2012/12/03
• Subjects: Regulation

Top beverage companies moving to phase out HFCs

An update on the efforts of Coca-Cola, Pepsico and Heineken to phase out HFCs from their commercial refrigeration equipment to reduce their carbon footprint. 

• Publication date : 2023/06/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

For IIR members only

AREA publishes new F-gas guide for contractors

AREA’s new F-Gas GUIDE details crucial updates on leak checks, labeling requirements, and service bans for high-GWP refrigerants. 

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: Regulation

France: refrigeration (excluding air conditioning) accounts for almost 11% of electricity consumption

According to the CEREN, energy production in the refrigeration sector accounts for 52 TWh in total annual electric energy consumption:

• Publication date : 2014/01/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Innovative trigeneration system for off-grid homes and businesses

An innovative 'trigeneration' system fuelled entirely by raw plant oils could have great potential for isolated homes and businesses operating outside grid systems.

• Publication date : 2014/10/01

United-Kingdom: company tests a new system for refrigerated food haulage

A company is testing a new insulated-curtain system enabling moveable multi-temperature zones in refrigerated trucks

• Publication date : 2015/02/02

What are the options for companies still using R22?

An article published in the British ACR Journal discusses the options available to companies still using R22 refrigerant.

• Publication date : 2017/05/05
• Subjects: Regulation

Cryogenics and 3D-printing techniques could allow the replication of human tissues

A team of researchers from Imperial College London have developed a new technique which could allow the replication of human brain and lung tissue and regenerate damaged parts.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22

The 15th annual Earth Technologies Forum and Mobile Air Conditioning Summit took place on April 13-15, 2004 in Washington DC.

The annual Earth Technologies Forum conference evolved from the International Conference on Ozone Protection Technologies and the International Climate Change Conference & Technologies Exhibition. It provides a comprehensive programme and...

• Publication date : 2004/05/18

Briefs: English pears all year round

Tesco, a UK-based retailer, has announced the availability of English pears all year round. Until now, the autumn fruit, which some consider the best in the world, was only available from September-May. Tesco's biggest pear supplier, Adrian...

• Publication date : 2011/02/11

The future of HFCs was at the heart of discussions in Geneva

Several issues of importance for the refrigeration sector were handled during the 30th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in Geneva, on June 15-18, 2010 where...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Data centre near London upgrades with Turbomiser chillers

The site’s power usage ratio has dropped by 24%

• Publication date : 2012/09/05

Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

A microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) protocol designed at CEA-I²BM enables high-resolution visualization of amyloid plaques, associated with Alzheimer’s disease, 15-20 years before the first signs of dementia and memory loss appear.

• Publication date : 2012/11/28

Obituary: S. Forbes Pearson

Dr S  Forbes Pearson, one of the most famous IIR person, passed away. The IIR presents its deepest sympathy and sincerest condolences to his family and relatives.

• Publication date : 2024/03/28

2008, Refrigeration Year

Many events and actions have already been scheduled or have already taken place in various countries in order to celebrate the IIR's centenary and the 100th anniversaries of several national associations of refrigeration (France, the Netherlands,...

• Publication date : 2008/05/13

IIR Research Priorities

The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Briefs: Philippe Lebrun is “Engineer of the Year”

Philippe Lebrun, a member of the Management Committee of the IIR and Head of Section A of the IIR (Cryology and Gas Processing), was awarded the "Prix Ingénieur de l'Année 2010" in the "Science" category, by the French magazine Usine...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

ICCC2022 - early bird rate ending soon

Only seven days left to take advantage of early bird rates for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2022).

• Publication date : 2022/02/18
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Developing country, Environment

Early bird registration ends April 15 for IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2022

Scheduled to take place on June 13-15, 2022, in Trondheim, Norway, the 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants will be a conference to remember!

• Publication date : 2022/04/07
• Subjects: Technology, Developing country, Environment

Student Networking at ICR 2023: An afternoon dedicated to young people!

At ICR 2023, Wednesday, August 23 was punctuated by an afternoon dedicated to young people! 

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

REAL Alternatives 4 LIFE comes to a close having achieved a lot for training on low GWP alternative refrigerants!

Over a three-year period this project, funded by the EU the LIFE programme, sought to incorporate the principles of a blended learning programme in an aim to create standardised training on the safety and...

• Publication date : 2020/07/27

The First Students and Researchers Network!

During the Prague congress, a great turn-out of 70 young researchers of over 20 different nationalities met face to face with 30 leading experts in various fields of refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2011/09/19

The year 2016: a new year full of opportunity

The year 2016 will be particularly important due to increasing international discussions on the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons with high global warming potential.

• Publication date : 2016/01/06

Professional forums on cryo-sciences: Experts and young researchers alike

Although significant progress has been made in cold application in life sciences driven by new solutions in the production, storage and handling of bio-products along the entire production chain all the way up to the end-user, there are still many...

• Publication date : 2017/03/01

New EU research project BETTED gets underway!

The IIR is one of 10 partners of the new European research project aimed at promoting the energy transition of the dairy value chain.

• Publication date : 2024/03/27

Refrigeration now has its own day of the year

As the only independent intergovernmental organisation in the field of refrigeration, the IIR joins associations and companies worldwide to support the initiative of an official World Refrigeration Day on 26 June every year.

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

The IIR supports innovative European research projects on refrigeration

In line with its international activities, the IIR is currently involved in two European research projects both focused on very distinct areas of refrigeration technologies.

• Publication date : 2017/02/22

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams