Search results

IIR document

Energy, exergy and economic analysis of a vacuum belt drying system integrated with mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) for aqueous extracts drying.

• Author(s) : XU P., ZHANG Z., PENG X., YANG J., ZHANG H., WANG Y., LI X., YUAN T., JIA X.
• Publication date: 2023/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Drying, Mechanical vapour compression, Vacuum pump, Energy saving, Exergy, Energy consumption, Modelling, Plant (botany)
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 145
• Formats : PDF

Eksergija kao mera održivosti energatskog sistema.

Exergy as mesure of sustainability of energy system.

• Author(s) : NOVAK P.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Sustainability, Renewable energy, Exergy, Energy, Measurement
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

Comparaison énergétique et exergétique de systèmes de dessalement.

Energy and exergy comparison between desalination systems.

• Author(s) : BYRNE P., DIABY A. T., SARRAY Y., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/03/24
• Languages : French
• Keywords : Reverse osmosis, Exergy, Energy, Performance, Solar energy, Desalination, Distillation
• Source: 1st International Refrigeration, Energy and Environment Colloquium. Proceedings: Hammamet, Tunisia, March 24-27, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Exergy analysis of adsorption cooling system.

• Author(s) : CAO N. V., KWON O. K., CHUNG J. D.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Silica gel, Energy, CFD, Adsorption system, Modelling
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Exergy-based methods for air separation.

• Author(s) : TESCH S., MOROZUK T., TSATSARONIS G.
• Publication date: 2017/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Gas, Exergy, Economy, Air, Separation, Production, Modelling, Expérimentation, Environment
• Source: Cryogenics 2017. Proceedings of the 14^th IIR International Conference: Dresden, Germany, Mai 15-19, 2017.
• Formats : PDF

Eksergetska optimizacija zgrada sa razlicitim solarnim sistemima.

Exergy optimization of buildings with different solar systems.

• Author(s) : NIKOLIC D., RADULOVIC J., SKERLIC J.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Solar collector, Exergy, Simulation, Photovoltaic panel, Optimization, Residential building
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy and exergy investigation of ejector refrigeration systems using retrograde refrigerants.

• Author(s) : ELDAKAMAWY M.H., SORIN M. V., BROUILLETTE M.
• Publication date: 2017/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Energy, Ejector system, Modelling, Refrigerant
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 78
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The exergy analysis of NGE-MR natural gas liquefaction process.

• Author(s) : WANG X., WU J., MENG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Liquefaction, Optimization, Modelling, Natural gas, Liquefied gas
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Energy and exergy analysis of a combined ground source heat pump system.

• Author(s) : ÖZTÜRK M.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Energy, Efficiency, Ground, Heat pump, Expérimentation
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 73 - n. 1

Energy and exergy analyses of an integrated solar heat pump system.

• Author(s) : SULEMAN F., DINCER I., AGELIN-CHAAB M.
• Publication date: 2014/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Energy, Efficiency, Heat pump, Expérimentation, Solar energy
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 73 - n. 1

IIR document

About a more intuitive exergy efficiency calculus applied to heat pumping and working cycles and other basic aspects issued thereof.

• Author(s) : STAICOVICI M. D. N.
• Publication date: 2018/06/18
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Thermodynamics, Exergy, Ammonia, Modelling, Entropy
• Source: 13^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2018). Proceedings. Valencia, Spain, June 18-20th 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Dinamicka analiza eksergije multifunkcionalne zgrade u kojoj se koriste podaci dobijeni monitoringom.

Dynamic exergy analysis of a multifonctional building using monitored data.

• Author(s) : SAYADI S., NAGHEJAHAN A., MOROSUK T., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Germany, Exergy, Energy balance, Commercial building, Performance, Case study, Air conditioning
• Source: 47^th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition.
• Formats : PDF

Transient exergy destruction analysis for a vapor compression system.

• Author(s) : JAIN N., ALLEYNE A.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Vapour, Efficiency, Compression system, Simulation, Destruction, Heat exchanger, Compressor
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 15th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Unsteady exergy analysis for a recycle and recovery machine.

• Author(s) : FAJAR B., PANCA D., WICAKSONO G.
• Publication date: 2018/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Measurement, Maintenance, Recovery, Performance, Entropy, Destruction, Leakage, Refrigerant, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 87
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energy, entransy and exergy analyses of a liquid desiccant regenerator.

• Author(s) : NAIK K., MUTHUKUMAR P.
• Publication date: 2019/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Exergy, Liquid desiccant, Regenerator, Performance, Modelling, Humidity, Entropy, Desorption, Air conditioning
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 105
• Formats : PDF

Energy savings: Japan: significant improvement of the energy efficiency of refrigerators

According to JARN, the energy efficiency of refrigerators in Japan has been continuously improved: their power consumption has been reduced to 1/5th of that 10 years ago. This is in part due to the development of vacuum heat insulators, which are...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Renewable energy supplied an estimated 16% of global final energy consumption in 2010

According to the Renewables 2011 Global Status Report, in 2010, rRenewable energy supplied an estimated 16% of global final energy consumption and delivered close to 20% of global electricity.

• Publication date : 2012/03/09
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Energy savings: Case study on a cool way to cut energy consumption in the UK food industry

A collaborative research and development project led by a mechanical engineering team from Brunel University, UK, found that supermarkets and food processing plants could cut their energy costs by over 30% and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by...

• Publication date : 2005/07/19

Storing energy thanks to cryocooled air

A new type of energy-storage process that can operate on a large scale.

• Publication date : 2012/11/29

Unassuming energy saving device

The eCube energy saving device is designed to reduce energy consumption by at least 25%. It takes into account product temperatures instead of fluctuating air temperatures in refrigerators, freezes, chillers, coolers, dispensers and cold rooms. It...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Benefits of thermal energy storage

The use of thermal storage, coupled to a refrigeration unit, allows the user to reduce the cooling capacity of installed units, to lower operating costs and electric bills, to increase plant reliability and to provide an effective solution for...

• Publication date : 2013/03/29

Energy storage thanks to refrigeration

Electrical energy is notoriously difficult to store, especially on a large scale and this can be particularly problematical when dealing with irregular sources such as wind power for which there can be a great mismatch between energy supply and...

• Publication date : 2009/02/25

ASERCOM Energy Efficiency Award 2004

The ASERCOM Energy Efficiency Award is designed to recognize the most valuable concept of innovation in the improvement of energy efficiency in a vapour-compression cycle applied to a refrigeration/air-conditioning/heat pump system. This award is...

• Publication date : 2004/07/15

Energy savings in display cabinets

Several new developments make it possible to save energy in display cabinets. - Optimizing air curtain velocity A team at the Air Curtain Research Laboratory at Kettering University in Michigan, US, has modellized the air flow in air curtains and...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Briefs: Energy-saving Maersk reefers

Thanks to QUEST (Quality and Energy efficiency in Storage and Transport) software providing a new temperature-control regime based on commodity instead of air temperature, Maersk estimates that the energy consumption used to cool its reefers will...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

European Union: New energy labelling rules

New EU energy labelling rules and efficiency requirements will apply to household equipment including refrigerators and freezers, after a committee of experts approved them on March 31, 2009. The new energy labels are based on the existing A to G...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

EU Directive 2012/27 on energy efficiency.

On October 25, 2012, the European Union adopted the Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency. This Directive establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion of energy efficiency within the EU.

• Publication date : 2013/04/05
• Subjects: Regulation

ASHRAE Publishes 2004 Residential Energy Standard

By reducing the number of tables needed to apply the envelope provisions and simplifying their application, ASHRAE's residential energy standard now contains only the essential information necessary to design and enforce energy conservation...

• Publication date : 2005/03/15

Briefs: Incentives for energy-efficient refrigerators

- US measures A USD 300 million programme, similar to what Stråberg suggested for Sweden, was recently announced by President Barack Obama. The US package will authorize states to create rebates with an expected value of USD 50-200 for each...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Briefs: Energy-efficient refrigeration in Switzerland

The Swiss Refrigeration Association, the Swiss Federal Office of Energy and the

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

New publications: Energy Savings

The IIR has published a new version of its guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology; the goal of this completely revised version prepared by Forbes Pearson and several IIR experts and launched during the Bali...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

IIR Working Party on “Energy Labelling in the Cold Chain”

The Terms of Reference of the new IIR Working Party (WP) "Energy labelling in the cold chain" have been approved. The main objective of this WP - chaired by Prof. Giovanni Cortella, Italy, and involving Commissions D1 and D2 - is to investigate...

• Publication date : 2008/05/16

New IIR publications: Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology

The French version of the IIR guide Saving Energy in Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat-Pump Technology will be published in November 2009; the goal of this guide is to provide practical ways of minimizing the energy consumption of...

• Publication date : 2009/12/09

Member news: Efficient Energy has been rewarded for its remarkable growth over the last 4 years

Energy Efficient, an IIR corporate member, ranked third in the latest Deloitte Technology Fast 50 in Germany. This ranking rewards companies based on the percentage increase in their revenue over the last four...

• Publication date : 2021/12/15
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

News from IIR members: Alfa Laval wins € 6 million energy efficiency order in Kazakhstan

Alfa Laval – a world leader in heat transfer, centrifugal separation and fluid handling – recently won an order to supply Alfa Laval Packinox heat exchangers to a refinery in Kazakhstan.

• Publication date : 2011/12/14

Call for abstracts ends October 10: LNG2023, “Fuelling a Secure Energy Future”

LNG2023 is the largest and most significant global LNG industry conference and exhibition, occurring once every three years!

• Publication date : 2022/09/27
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration

Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...

• Publication date : 2021/01/21

New IIR Informatory Note on Renewable Energy

The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that renewable energy sources can be considered practically inexhaustible and are currently the only solution for an ecological transition to clean...

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Environment

New IIR Informatory Note on thermal energy storage systems

IIR’s latest Informatory Note demonstrates that a well-designed TES system can reduce energy consumption through more efficient equipment operation and lower investment costs, thus reducing the equipment...

• Publication date : 2022/01/28

Two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The IIR has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment. 

• Publication date : 2021/06/29

Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery

Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”

• Publication date : 2015/07/01

The IIR publishes two new IIR Informatory Notes on Energy Recovery!

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) has just published two new Informatory Notes on energy recovery: one on Energy Recovery in Mechanical Ventilation Systems and the other one on Air-to-Air Energy...

• Publication date : 2021/07/13
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

IIR member news: Excess heat is the largest untapped energy source

In a whitepaper, IIR Benefactor member Danfoss highlights the vast untapped potential of excess heat as a source of energy.

• Publication date : 2023/03/27

Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”

Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2

• Publication date : 2015/05/22

Energy efficiency on the agenda for discussion during Montreal Protocol meetings in Vienna

Focus on the fruitful workshop on "the energy efficiency opportunities while phasing down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)", which preceded the 40th meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG40) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances...

• Publication date : 2018/08/08

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFO et HCFO, Blends

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information