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IIR document
Design and analysis of multi-scale annular fins attached to a pin fin.
Overall surface fin efficiency and dry angle for ammonia finned tube evaporators.
Discrete modeling of fin-and-tube heat exchangers with cross-fin conduction functionality.
Thermo-hydraulic performances of internally finned tube with a new type wave fin arrays.
Discrete modeling of fin-tube heat exchangers accounting for cross-fin conduction.
Numerical modelling of finned heat exchanger.
Thermal-hydraulic characteristics of plate-fin heat exchangers with corrugated/vortex-generator plate-fin (CVGPF).
Wavy fin profile optimization using NURBS for air-to-refrigerant tube-fin heat exchangers with small diameter tubes.
Validation of advanced fin-and-tube heat exchanger models with cross-fin conduction functionality.
CFD based comparison of slit fin and louver fin performance for small diameter (3mm to 5 mm) heat exchangers.
Numerical modelling of the multi-tubular hydride finned reactor with various fin configurations.
A novel technique for computationally efficient consideration of cross-fin conduction in fin-and-tube heat exchanger models.
Performance evaluation of a vertical-finned microchannel and a fin-tube heat exchangers under wet and frosting conditions.
Numerical model of dusty-water bridge forming between neighbor fins of fin-and-tube heat exchangers.
Defrosting performance of superhydrophobic fin-tube heat exchanger.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
2181 results
Reefer trains might redefine the refrigerated transport industry
Two examples of reefer trains in Europe.
Defining energy efficiency indicators for refrigerated shipping vessels
A working group from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) has proposed new energy efficiency indicators for ships. Shipping companies challenge their...
Heat pump market in Finland
According to the Finnish Heat Pump Association SULPU, 60 000 heat pumps were sold last year. In 2015, Finns invested approximately 350 million Euros in heat pumps, out of their own pockets.
Traceability in Finland
The Finnish government has announced a clampdown on the traceability of fruit and vegetables. Finland's Plant Production Inspection Centre, National Food Agency, provincial governments and municipal food control authorities will work together to...
EPA finalizes R22 phaseout plan
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently announced a final phase down schedule regarding production and importation of HCFC-22 refrigerant.
HFO1234ze prototypes finally released
The prototype is said to be suitable for outdoor air-cooled chiller applications
Market assessment and financial schemes for sustainable cooling in Ghana and Senegal
In partnership with the UNEP’s “United for Efficiency”, Ghana and Senegal have implemented financing schemes to replace obsolete ACs and refrigerators, as part of the ECOWAS Refrigerators and Air Conditioners...
UNEP report on HFCs: key findings
During the United Nations COP9/MOP23 Conference of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol which took place in Bali, Indonesia, on November 21-25, 2011, the IIR participated in a side-event presenting a new report "HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting...
From Finland to China: refrigerated rail transport is developing
A new refrigerated rail transport line has just opened between Narvik (Finland) and Chongqinq (China).
24 European countries offer financial support for industrial heat pumps
According to an EHPA report, nearly all European countries offer financial subsidies or support for companies to invest in industrial heat pumps.
Briefs: Financial benefits of frozen food highlighted
A study commissioned by the British Frozen Food Federation (BFFF) and conducted by the Manchester Food Research Centre concluded that it was more cost-effective for foodservice establishments to buy prepared frozen alternatives, rather than to...
USA: EPA proposes final phase-out schedule for R22
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently released its proposal for the final phase-out timeline of R22.
Data centre in Finland recovers waste heat
The companies Ericcson and Fortum signed an agreement to recover a data centre waste heat for district heating.
Find out how efficient your cold store is!
Find out how efficient your cold store is!Perhaps you know how much energy your cold store uses each year, but have you ever wondered how your cold store ranks against other similar cold stores? Maybe you are throwing away money and wasting...
Tyson agrees to pay fine to settle EPA case
In June, the Environmental Protection Agency filed a claim against Tyson Prepared Foods for not filing a timely and complete plan for managing the regulated toxic substance anhydrous ammonia, which was used as a refrigerant at their...
IIR news
938 results
Epta finalises acquisition of Hauser
IIR corporate member, Epta S.p.A., has completed its acquisition of Hauser GmbH, Austrian refrigeration company with a strong presence in the DACH region and Central and Eastern Europe.
SophiA Final Consortium Event: The IIR’s Strong Involvement in Sustainable Refrigeration Solutions for Africa
The Final Consortium Meeting of the SophiA Project took place in Karlsruhe, Germany, on 17–18 September 2025, co-organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and Hochschule Karlsruhe...
The IIR and the ASHRAE establish new definitions of five keywords in the refrigeration sector
For over a year, a group of experts from the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) have been working together to establish common definitions of...
Proposal for technical and financial collaboration: Census of cold production equipment in the industrial and tertiary sectors in France (in French)
As part of its activities in industrial and commercial refrigeration, the EDF R&D TREE department is planning to carry out a study on the French stock of installed refrigeration equipment.
IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials
Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...
Webinar: EU Project CryoHub comes to a close
Register to the webinar on March 17, 2021 to hear from experts on how the CryoHub technology was developed and demonstrated at a refrigerated facility at Frigologix in Belgium.
ICCC2022 - early bird rate ending soon
Only seven days left to take advantage of early bird rates for the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2022).
SophiA project nears completion: Installations underway in all four pilot countries
As the SophiA project approaches its final stages, all systems developed are now either fully installed or currently being deployed across the four pilot countries: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Malawi, and Uganda. These innovative technologies aim...
INDEE+ Project: Norwegian R744 condensing units arrived in India for educational purposes
Three R744 condensing units were sent to India by Prof. Armin Hafner (NTNU, Norway) to educate Indian institutions, end-users and vendors on clean cooling technologies, with the aim of helping India meet...
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS for the 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration ends June 28, 2018
The 25th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, ICR 2019, will offer dynamic programme of quality technical, scientific and industry insights including technical tours and visits, networking opportunities, focused work meetings and...
Early bird registration ends April 15 for IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference 2022
Scheduled to take place on June 13-15, 2022, in Trondheim, Norway, the 15th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants will be a conference to remember!
Call for abstracts ends December 20 - IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants
Authors are invited to send in submissions to the 6th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants (TPTPR 2021).
Call for abstracts ends October 10: LNG2023, “Fuelling a Secure Energy Future”
LNG2023 is the largest and most significant global LNG industry conference and exhibition, occurring once every three years!
Call for abstracts ends November 29 - 12th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
This conference, organised by the City University of London and co-sponsored by the IIR, will take place on September 6-8, 2021.
Call for abstracts ends September 30: IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO2 Refrigeration Technologies
The Conference concentrates on the benefits as well as the need to move towards natural refrigerants.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
18 results
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
For IIR members only
Global cold storage capacity
This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector
This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...
Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants
Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.
Events
13 results
IIR event
19th IIR Conference on Cryogenics
April 26, 2027 - April 30, 2027
Dresden, Germany
The 19th CRYOGENICS 2027 continues in the series of conferences held every two years. The conference will deal with new challenges of the equipment and technologies with temperatures below 120 K (-153°C), as well as with other...
Find out more
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
Data Centers at a Crossroads: Energy, Cooling, and Policy Challenges
May 12, 2026
Register...
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Currently accepting full papers! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for...
Cooling Without Warming: Energy‑Efficient ACs and Heat Pumps
April 28, 2026
Paris, France
Register here
27th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
August 21, 2027 - August 27, 2027
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Save the date! The International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR) is a leading global event in the field of refrigeration, organised by the International Institute of Refrigeration...
Sponsored event
2026 China International Heat Pump Conference
October 13, 2026 - October 17, 2026
Shanghai, China
Following the resounding success of the 2nd China Heat Pump Conference (CHPC 2024) in Shenzhen, which gathered over 850 experts and delegates from 33 countries & regions, the upcoming 3rd CHPC in 2026 is poised to further expand its global...
15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems
September 13, 2027 - September 15, 2027
London, United Kingdom
On September 13-15, 2027, the 15th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems of City University of London will provide a forum for debate on developments in air, gas and refrigeration...
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your full paper now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
9th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue
July 12, 2026 - July 16, 2026
West Lafayette, IN, United States
A conference co-sponsored by the IIR Since 1972, Herrick Labs has hosted the premier international conferences on Compressor Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning, and...
21st International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue
28th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue
