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IIR document

Improving built environmental design in large-space building by numerical analysis method and state space method: a case study.

• Author(s) : LIANG N., MA X., XU H.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : China, CFD, Building, Design, Large volume, Case study, Energy saving
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

P-V diagram measurement of a variable speed rotary compressor with large displacement.

• Author(s) : QIAN Y., ZHANG L., ZHANG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 24^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Development of large-and-small volume-switching rotary compressor for residential multi-connected air-conditioner.

• Author(s) : WEI H., XU J., QUE P., HU Y.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Rotary compressor, Residential building, Connection, Energy efficiency, China, Cylinder, Testing, Variable volume
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 25^th International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Efficiency improvement of a high capacity transcritical CO₂ heat pump for human comfort in large buildings.

• Author(s) : NESREDDINE H., MONNEY D., WEHBER W.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

Zjednodušené a pokrocilé metody návrhu velkoplošných otopných systému.

Simplified and advanced methods for designing large-area heating systems.

• Author(s) : SIKULA O.
• Publication date: 2011
• Languages : Czech
• Keywords : Calculation, Heat transfer, Design, Modelling, Large volume, Heating
• Source: Vytápení Vetrání Instalace - vol. 20 - n. 4
• Formats : PDF

Study on the application of a hybrid system in a large-space building.

• Author(s) : FU Y. Y., HUANG C., WANG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2009/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hybrid ventilation, Geometry, Building, Design, Recommendation, Large volume, Air conditioning
• Source: ASHRAE Transactions. Papers presented at the 2009 ASHRAE Winter Conference: Chicago, Illinois, January 2009. Volume 115, part 1.

Air management metrics in data centers.

• Author(s) : TOZER R., KURKJIAN C., SALIM M.
• Publication date: 2009/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Hybrid ventilation, Geometry, Building, Design, Recommendation, Large volume, Air conditioning
• Source: ASHRAE Transactions. Papers presented at the 2009 ASHRAE Winter Conference: Chicago, Illinois, January 2009. Volume 115, part 1.

Fuzzy-logic automated control system of air heating for the exhibition centre.

[In Russian. / En russe.]

• Author(s) : MIHAJLENKO V. S., HARABET A. N.
• Publication date: 2007
• Languages : Russian
• Keywords : Fuzzy logic, Exhibition, Control (automatic), Process, Large volume, Air conditioning, Heating
• Source: Holodil'na Tehnika i Tehnologiâ - n. 5

IIR document

Large heat pumps and district cooling in China.

• Author(s) : ENSTRÖM H.
• Publication date: 2007/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : China, District cooling, Heat pump, Large volume, Case study
• Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22^nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Numerical simulation and experimental study on the thermal stratification phenomenon in large space buildings.

• Author(s) : WANG H. Q., WANG Z. Y., LIU C. R., et al.
• Publication date: 2007/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Stratification, Building, Temperature, Simulation, Wall, Large volume, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22^nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Air conditioning energy efficiency design for a large open building in South China.

[In Chinese. / En chinois.]

• Author(s) : LIU F., QU G. L., TAN H., et al.
• Publication date: 2012/06
• Languages : Chinese
• Keywords : China, Building, Design, Large volume, Case study, Energy efficiency, Air conditioning
• Source: HV & AC - vol. 42 - n. 264
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The basic study of a fan induction unit in improving the thermal environment of an exhibition building.

• Author(s) : ZHANG W. L., HUANG C., JIA Y. F.
• Publication date: 2007/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Velocity (fluids, gases), Exhibition, Calculation, Ventilation, Design, Large volume, Induction unit, Ejector, Air conditioning
• Source: ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22^nd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.
• Formats : PDF

Discussion of design method and optimization on airflow distribution in a large-space building with stratified air-conditioning system.

• Author(s) : HUANG C., WANG X.
• Publication date: 2009/06/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Stratification, Geometry, Building, Ventilation, Design, Optimization, Large volume, Survey, Air conditioning, Air distribution
• Source: 2009 ASHRAE Annual Conference CD. Transactions papers presented at the 2009 ASHRAE Annual Conference: Louisville, KY, June 2009. Volume 115, part 2.

Coupling 3D transient pollutant transport in a room into a flow network model with concentration response factor method.

• Author(s) : HIYAMA K., ISHIDA Y., KATO S.
• Publication date: 2008/06/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Public premises, CFD, Building, Transient state, Simulation, Pollutant, Large volume, Air conditioning, Diffusion
• Source: ASHRAE Transactions. 2008 Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT. Volume 114, part 2 + CD-ROM.

IIR document

Concept of operating indoor skiing halls with "binary snow" as a snow substitute.

• Author(s) : PAUL J.
• Publication date: 2003/08/17
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Winter, Gymnasium, Snow, Design, Artificial snow, Sport, Large volume, Case study
• Source: 21^st IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Serving the Needs of Mankind.
• Formats : PDF

Global fluorochemicals market expected to reach USD 25 billion by 2020

HCFC refrigerants still account for over 60% of the total fluorocarbon market worldwide, according to a new report.

• Publication date : 2014/04/30
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Global air conditioning market study in 2015

The global market contracted by 5% in value terms in 2015 whereas the market had shown a growth of 7% in 2014.

• Publication date : 2016/06/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Continued increase in global LNG trade in 2019

The global Liquefied natural gas (LNG) trade has continued to increase in 2019, with export growth coming from the USA, Russia, Australia, Algeria and Egypt. Asia Pacific and Asia remain the largest importing...

• Publication date : 2020/05/27
• Subjects: Figures, economy

India: scenarios for a sustainable development of the refrigeration sector

A recent study shows that an accelerated transition from HFCs to low-GWP refrigerants would allow India to go beyond the requirements of the Kigali Amendment and ensure sustainable...

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Developing country, HFCs alternatives

Low GWP blends for domestic air conditioning

A review article presents the latest research trends on low GWP refrigerants, mainly HFC/HFO blends, for domestic air conditioning. 

• Publication date : 2023/03/28
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Global refrigerated warehouse capacity in 2020.

The total capacity of refrigerated warehouses worldwide was estimated at 719 million cubic meters in 2020. The US, India and China reported the largest capacities.

• Publication date : 2021/05/10
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Heat pump sales grew in Europe in 2020

According to the latest market report by European Heat Pump Association (EHPA), heat pump sales grew by +7.4% in 2020, offering benefits both in terms of greenhouse gas emission...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Reefer container throughput in main European ports.

In 2021, Europe’s leading ports were back to pre-pandemic levels of cargo and container throughput.

• Publication date : 2022/04/25
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The global frozen food market in 2022

Despite food price inflation, Europe remained the largest frozen food market in 2022.

• Publication date : 2023/12/08
• Subjects: Figures, economy

The French frozen food market

Total consumption (including foodservice as well as retail channels) amounted to an estimated EUR 9.1bn in 2013, of which the retail sector was worth approximately 60%.

• Publication date : 2015/01/15

Global LNG supply: the potential of Africa, South and Central America

IGU provides an update on the LNG supply outlook for countries in Africa, Central and South America. 

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: Developing country, Figures, economy

World air-conditioning market in 2019

Despite a decline of -0.8% in sales globally, many markets performed well in 2019. Inverter technology and smart air conditioners are steadily gaining ground globally while sales of R32 systems are increasing...

• Publication date : 2020/03/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy

First liquefied hydrogen carrier launched in Japan

In line with its commitment to pave the way for the first "Hydrogen Society", Japan intends to use this carrier to transport hydrogen from Australia, where it is produced from lignite.

• Publication date : 2020/02/05

Applications of Artificial Intelligence to refrigeration systems

AI techniques, which are currently very topical, are the subject of intense research and development. Overview of their applications and benefits in the refrigeration sector, based on the latest articles...

• Publication date : 2023/04/26
• Subjects: Technology

Ice cream global trade data 2022

Europe continues to lead global exports of ice cream in 2022, according to the United Nations Comtrade database.

• Publication date : 2023/07/17
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Compressors Conference 2023 in London: Register today!

The 13th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems will be held this September in London.

• Publication date : 2023/07/19
• Subjects: Technology

IIR member news: A new BSRIA study on the global compressor market 

A recent study by BSRIA shows that sales of refrigeration compressors in 2022 are expected to reach 502 million units with a value of USD 48.6 billion, up 15% year-on-year. 

• Publication date : 2022/12/13
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Your International Journal of Refrigeration; still the best in its field

Thomson Reuters confirms that the International Journal of Refrigeration is still the best in its field

• Publication date : 2015/07/08

Technical visit to the Tokyo fish market (in French)

During the ICCC conference last June, participants were offered technical visits, including a tour of the Tokyo Fish Market. Alain Le Bail, President of the IIR Commission C2, chose to visit it. Discover his...

• Publication date : 2024/11/15

New IIR Informatory Note on Liquefied Natural Gas

The latest IIR Informatory Note stresses that LNG is expected to play a major role in global energy strategies as it has many advantages and helps mitigate global warming when used instead of coal and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/28

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)