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Changes in Volatile Composition of Cape Hake Fillets under Modified Atmosphere Packaging Systems during Cold Storage.
IIR document
HYDROLYTIC CHANGES IN THE LIPIDS OF FROZEN HAKE (MERLUCCIUS MERLUCCIUS) MUSCLE.
CHANGES IN HAKE MUSCLE COLLAGEN DURING FROZEN STORAGE DUE TO SEASONAL EFFECTS.
QUALITY OF FROZEN HAKE.
FROZEN STORAGE STABILITY OF RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS CHUSS) FILLET BLOCKS.
HANDLING, QUALITY AND YIELD OF FRESH HAKE.
Biogenic amine index for freshness evaluation in iced Mediterranean hake (Merluccius merluccius).
EFFECT OF HEAT AND ADDITIVES ON THE SHELF-LIFE OF FROZEN RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS CHUSS).
Combined effect of modified atmosphere packaging and polyphosphate dips on hake slices during ice storage.
A MEMBRANE FRACTION FROM RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS CHUSS) MUSCLE CATALYZING THE CONVERSION OF TMAO (TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE) TO DMA (DIMETHYLAMINE) AND FORMALDEHYDE.
Extension of the shelf life of chilled hake (Merluccius merluccius) by a novel icing medium containing natural organic acids.
DIMETHYLAMINE (DMA) AND FORMALDEHYDE (HCHO) PRODUCTION IN FRESH RED HAKE (UROPHYCIS CHUSS): THE EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIAL OXYGEN PERMEABILITY AND CELLULAR DAMAGE.
PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS IN GELS OF PRE-AND POST-SPAWNING FISH ACTOMYOSIN.
Chitosan films for the microbiological preservation of refrigerated sole and hake fillets.
CHANGES IN FISH MUSCLE COLLAGEN DURING FROZEN STORAGE.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
467 results
Incidents with fake refrigerants
Incidents involving fake refrigerants have hit the headlines on various occasions recently. The incidents often involve R40 (methyl chloride), a hazardous chemical compound, or other substances.
Fake refrigerants cause havoc
A series of reefer explosions could have been caused by impure refrigerants
Briefs: A CO2 secondary refrigerant system to test icebreakers
Travelling through the North Pole's ice-capped seas could reduce sea transport distances between Hamburg and Osaka, Japan, or Shanghai, China, for instance, by more than 4000 nautical miles, thus allowing for great time and financial savings. The...
Events: IRHACE Conference
The Institute of Refrigeration, Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers of New Zealand (IRHACE) held a conference in Auckland on May 21-22, 2004 and attracted roughly 100 Australasian participants. The overarching theme was sustainability and 18...
Frozen bakery market worth USD 32.5 billion by 2018
The frozen bakery market is estimated to reach USD 32,505.2 million by 2018, with a CAGR of 7.1% for the forecast period.
Rack-supported freezer gives fast-growing bakery room to rise.
Vieira's Bakery selected pallet racks from Steel King company to increase its storage capacity.
Global frozen bakery market shows expected continued growth
Europe forms the largest segment of the market in 2012. It is poised to grow at a steady Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.9% over the forecast period to 2018.
The global frozen fish and seafood market
Global frozen fish and seafood market to exceed USD 60 billion by 2020, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of over 4%.
4,000 jobs lost as heat pump sales drop across Europe in 2024
Sales of heat pumps fell by an average of 23% in 2024 compared to 2023, putting thousands of jobs at risk according to the European Heat Pump Association (EHPA)
HFOs chosen for the renovation of the Channel Tunnel refrigeration system.
The ban of the servicing of R22 equipment led tunnel operators Eurotunnel to consider refrigerants compliant with European HFC phase-down agreements.
Phase change materials in domestic fridges
The application of phase-change materials (PCMs) in domestic refrigerators could be a novel solution to improve appliance thermal stability and efficiency.
Joint Irish fridge and freezer recycling scheme
Before the implementation, summer 2005, of the EU Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive), Northern Ireland's and Ireland's Environment departments are working together on a scheme to collect, treat and recycle...
Briefs: TimeTemp
The Norwegian manufacturer TimeTemp has developed an innovative, small self-adhesive label attached to food products. The company says its innovative shelf life indicator is able to precisely measure the freshness of food items as they pass...
Investigating PCMs in display cabinets
The test results showed that up to 5% energy savings and lower cabinet temperatures could be achieved. (Paper presented during the 3rd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain in London, UK, in June 2014)
Briefs: Britain’s greenest supermarket?
Tesco has opened its flagship environmental store in Wick in northern Scotland. The 4600 m2 store is expected to produce 50% less carbon emissions than a conventional supermarket of comparable size. Besides using wind turbines, solar cells and...
IIR news
163 results
IIR Director General, Didier Coulomb, to be a Keynote Speaker at the IOR Annual Conference 2021
Set to demonstrate how the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump sectors are responding to the challenge of net zero heating and cooling, this year, the IOR Annual Conference will be held entirely...
Rankine 2020 conference highlights opportunities and challenges for the future
The IIR Rankine 2020 – Advances in Heating, Cooling and Power Generation conference was organised by the Institute of Refrigeration UK (IOR) as an ambitious 5-day online event running across July 27-31. It...
Experience the unforgettable in Japan at ICR2015: It’s not just about refrigeration, it’s also about fun!
ICR2015: Discover the plenary speakers, technical tours, and popular tours and activities
IIR Congress 2023: The programme is now available!
The exciting 5-day programme of the upcoming IIR Congress 2023 includes 600 scientific papers, 1 plenary address, 14 keynote speakers, 21 workshops and 3 technical tours.
The IIR is seeking a Deputy Director
The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris a Deputy Director, with a scientific and technical background. The candidate should be a very good English and French speaker.
IIR conference papers visible in Scopus!
From Scopus, it is now possible to download the papers of three IIR conferences indexed in Fridoc. Download them!
News from IIR members: Tecumseh’s new quiet range
According to the French health authorities (DDASS), over 50% of complaints concerning air-cooled condensing units used in commercial refrigeration are noise-related. Tecumseh has developed a range of 45 Silensys® condensing unit models that have...
The Centenary in Paris and future events
A joint IIR/French Refrigeration Association (AFF) conference was held in Paris on June 12, 2008 in order to celebrate the centenaries of both organizations. It was combined with the IIR statutory meetings on June 10, 11 and 13 and with various...
Conference update: Sydney
The 9th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Working Fluids will be held in Sydney, Australia on, April 12-14, 2010. The conference will place a heavy emphasis on natural refrigerant CO2 as a real alternative solution....
Activities of the IIR’s Commission E2 “Heat Pumps, Energy Recovery”
Presentation of IIR Commission E2 activities by Per Lundqvist, President of Commission E2
Commission E2: at the forefront of heat pumps and energy recovery
New IIR Informatory Note on Air-source heat pumps for space heating and cooling
The IIR has issued a new Informatory Note on Air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling. A summary for policymakers and a Chinese version of this note have also been published.
IIR member news: Linde
Linde claims cryogenic freezing allows cookie manufacturers to produce a more consistent product.
Conference reports: ATMOsphere 2010
The IIR-co-sponsored Conference ATMOsphere 2010 took place in Brussels on September 27-28, 2010. 170 persons from 30 countries attended. Speakers, from the industry or public organizations, particularly European ones, expressed their desire to...
Upcoming conferences: Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation
Innovative Equipment and Systems for Comfort and Food Preservation, an IIR Conference, will be held in Auckland, New Zealand on February 16-19, 2006. Keynote speakers: James Braun, Robert Heap, Forbes Pearson, Satish Kandlikar and Paul Waide....
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
11 results
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
For IIR members only
Heat pump stock in Europe
This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Nanorefrigerants
Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Kigali Amendment status per country
List of the 163 countries that have accepted, approved or ratified the Kigali Amendment as of November 15, 2024.
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Events
5 results
IIR event
15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
September 16, 2026 - September 18, 2026
Xi'an, China
Call for abstracts is open! The 15th IIR Conference on Phase-Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
Webinar – Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates: Challenges and Innovations
December 09, 2025
France
Objective: To share key insights from the UNEP/IIR Cold Chain Technology Brief: Road Refrigerated Transport in Hot Climates, foster dialogue between experts, industry, and policymakers, and promote sustainable...
21st International Conference & Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG2026)
February 02, 2026 - February 05, 2026
Doha, Qatar
Register...
17th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL 2026)
August 23, 2026 - August 26, 2026
Hamilton, New Zealand
Submit your abstract! With the increasing need for global warming countermeasures, natural working fluids have become a clear vector to reducing the CO2 footprint of...
