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Estimation of air dew point temperature using computational intelligence schemes.

• Author(s) : BAGHBAN A., BAHADORI M., ROZYN J., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/01/25
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Mould, Temperature, Air, Prediction, Dewpoint, Modelling
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 93

IIR document

Comparative study for CO2 and R-134a heat pump tumble dryer – A rational approach.

• Author(s) : SIAN R., WANG C. C.
• Publication date: 2019/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, Mould, R744, Simulation, Dryer, Heat pump, COP, CO2
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 106
• Formats : PDF

Comparison study of bio-growth in commercial AHU’s using copper heat exchangers and components.

• Author(s) : HIPCHEN J., HOGAN A., POWELL D.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Copper, Comparison, Commercial application, Mould, Air treatment, Microbiological quality, Heat exchanger
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

On heat and moisture transfer characteristics of a desiccant dehumidification unit using fin tube heat exchanger with silica gel coating.

• Author(s) : ZHAO Y., DAI Y. J., GE T. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/12/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Silica gel, Dehumidification, Mould, Heat transfer, Coating (materials), Desiccant system, Heat exchanger
• Source: Applied Thermal Engineering - vol. 91

IIR document

Modified atmosphere packaging to extend shelf life of ready to eat fresh cut tomatoes.

• Author(s) : TABOADA-RODRÍGUEZ A., SÁNCHEZ-RUBIO M., CAVA-RODA R., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Surface decontamination with essential oil nanoemulsion and ultraclean map packaging increases the shelf-life of refrigerated fresh cut pineapple.

• Author(s) : LÓPEZ GÓMEZ A., ROS-CHUMILLAS M., MATÉ J., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : English
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Levels of microbial contamination of domestic refrigerators in Italy.

• Author(s) : CATELLANI P., MIOTTI SCAPIN R., ALBERGHINI L., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 42

Residential demand controlled ventilation.

• Author(s) : KENDRE M.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal - vol. 19 - n. 1
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study on composite of thermoplastic loaded by magnetocaloric powders.

• Author(s) : LANZARINI J., GELIN J. C., BARRIERE T., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/11
• Languages : English
• Source: 7^th International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature (Thermag VII). Proceedings: Turin, Italy, September 11-14, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Dynamic analysis of energy recovery utilizing thermal storage from batch-wise metal casting.

• Author(s) : ANDRESEN T., LINGAAS S., HAGEN B. A. L., NEKSÅ P.
• Publication date: 2020/07/31
• Languages : English
• Source: IIR Rankine Conference 2020.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Results of winding and vacuum-pressure impregnation of superconductive double pancakes of PF1 Coil ITER.

• Author(s) : MEDNIKOV A., BURSIKOV A., KOVALCHUCK O., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/05/08
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2019. Proceedings of the 15^th IIR International Conference: Prague, Czech Republic, April 8-11, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

A simple method to evaluate the shelf life of refrigerated rabbit meat.

• Author(s) : PEREIRA M., MALFEITO-FERREIRA M.
• Publication date: 2015/03
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 49

Starch edible film supporting natamycin and nisin for improving microbiological stability of refrigerated argentinian Port Salut cheese.

• Author(s) : OLLE RESA C. P., GERSCHENSON L. N., JAGUS R. J.
• Publication date: 2016/01
• Languages : English
• Source: Food Control The International Journal of HACCP and Food Safety - vol. 59

IIR document

Development of desiccant dehumidifier using CO₂ heat pump.

• Author(s) : HATTORI K., KOMATSU F., FURUDATE T., NOGUCHI T.
• Publication date: 2023/04/27
• Languages : English
• Source: 10^th IIR Conference on Ammonia and CO₂ Refrigeration Technologies.
• Formats : PDF

Cryogenic 3D printing of super soft hydrogels.

• Author(s) : TAN Z., PARISI C., DI SILVIO L., et al.
• Publication date: 2017/11/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Nature Scientific Reports

Nano-material could improve adsorption technology

A nano-material could drastically improve adsorption cooling, thanks to its high adsorbing properties. The material, engineered by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNLL), USA, was created using nanoscopic structures, that self-assemble into...

• Publication date : 2011/08/16

Europe: renewable cooling could provide close to 100% of cooling demand

A recent study performed by the German Öko-Institut e.V. on behalf of NL Agency of the Netherlands and funded by the Dutch government, claims that at least 50% of the cooling demand in Europe could be covered by renewable energy applications by 2050.

• Publication date : 2012/09/10

A design for a liquid-nitrogen-powered vehicle engine could provide an alternative to batteries and fuel cells

The engine developed by Dearman Engine Company (DEC), which is driven by the pressure created as liquid nitrogen (LN2) returns to its gas form could provide a way of powering a vehicle without producing CO2 tailpipe emissions but with a longer...

• Publication date : 2012/03/26

New nature-mimicking freeze-casting technique

US DOE L. Berkeley Lab researchers have developed a nature-mimicking bidirectional freeze-casting technique that enables them to design and create strong, tough, porous and lightweight materials with applications in the medical sector

• Publication date : 2016/08/23
• Subjects: Technology

DuPont’s new HFO 1336mzz could replace R123

DuPont has announced it is to start small scale production of a new low GWP HFO which could replace R123.

• Publication date : 2014/05/22
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Heat from Scottish water could save € 300 million

Using heat pumps in the rivers and lochs of Scotland could save businesses in the country around € 300 million annually on bills.

• Publication date : 2014/05/15
• Subjects: Figures, economy

UK: frozen food could contribute to food security

A BFFF report concluded that by increasing frozen food consumption, the UK could reduce food waste, boost food affordability and lessen the environmental impact of food, all of which would subsequently contribute to improved food security.

• Publication date : 2015/09/28

Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production

A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Environment

Fast growing HFC levels could undermine climate benefits of the Montreal Protocol

A WMO-UNEP report stresses that climate benefits of the Montreal Protocol could be offset significantly by projected emissions of HFCs used to replace ozone depleting substances.

• Publication date : 2014/11/12
• Subjects: General information, HFCs alternatives, Environment

New discovery in magnetic metal could lead to improvements in magnetic refrigeration

Scientists have recently solved the mystery behind a distinct property in a unique magnetic metal. This discovery could pave the way for the development of several new technologies in magnetic refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2015/04/21

Improving air conditioner efficiency could avoid up to 100bn tonnes of CO2

The report “Benefits of Leapfrogging to Super-efficiency and Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants in Air Conditioning” by the L. Berkeley National Laboratory states that improving the energy efficiency of room air conditioners to the level of...

• Publication date : 2015/12/18

Cryogenics and 3D-printing techniques could allow the replication of human tissues

A team of researchers from Imperial College London have developed a new technique which could allow the replication of human brain and lung tissue and regenerate damaged parts.

• Publication date : 2018/03/22

Isochoric freezing could cut down energy use in the global food cold chain

Compared to conventional isobaric freezing, isochoric freezing could significantly improve the quality of frozen food and generate substantial energy savings. 

• Publication date : 2021/10/22
• Subjects: Technology

A new solar-powered milk cooling system could benefit small-scale dairy farmers

Researchers from the University of Hohenheim studied a solar milk cooling system which was tested in Tunisia and could be implemented in Kenya.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22

New advance in cryopreservation could make blood preservation more practical

It’s already possible to cryopreserve human red blood cells in the presence of 40 percent glycerol, but is rarely done because of the time-consuming process to thaw and remove the glycerol from the blood.

• Publication date : 2015/05/12

Conference update: Boulder

The 3rd Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Properties of Refrigerants is to take place in Boulder (CO) USA on June 23-26, 2009. Submit a paper and register:

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Conference update: Boulder

The 3rd Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Properties of Refrigerants is to take place in Boulder (CO), USA, on June 23-26, 2009. Submit a paper and register:

• Publication date : 2009/02/24

Conference update: Boulder

The 3rd Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Properties of Refrigerants is to take place in Boulder (CO) USA on June 23-26, 2009. Submit a paper and register:

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

International events: Boulder

The 3rd IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants was held on June 23-26, 2009 in Boulder, Colorado, USA. It was jointly organized with the 17th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties regularly held in...

• Publication date : 2009/08/13

Minutes of IIR Commission B1 Business Meeting in Boulder

A Commission B1 business meeting took place in Boulder, Colorado, USA (June 24, 2009). It was chaired by Commission B1 President Dr Piotr Domanski. The minutes of the meeting are available

• Publication date : 2010/06/07

Supercooling and superchilling: A solution to increased shelf life and reduced food waste?

If these technologies were combined with perfusion chilling for meat and fish, then additional benefits such as rapid cooling, low weight loss and novel products could result.

• Publication date : 2015/10/27

Member news: Koura introduces new refrigerant for air conditioning

Refrigerant manufacturer Koura recently introduced R468C, a refrigerant that could replace R410A in air conditioning systems.  

• Publication date : 2022/10/27
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

Annual IIR statutory meetings

The annual IIR statutory meetings took place between June 13 and 15, 2018 in Paris. They were held at La Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, where the attendees could visit the international exhibition on refrigeration.

• Publication date : 2018/06/22
• Subjects: General information

Now available: ICCC 2018 conference papers and proceedings

Couldn't attend the 5th IIR Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain (ICCC 2018) in Beijing, China, last month? Download the conference proceedings and papers.

• Publication date : 2018/05/18

The IIR is seeking a Deputy Director

The IIR is seeking for its head office in Paris a Deputy Director, with a scientific and technical background. The candidate should be a very good English and French speaker.

• Publication date : 2013/03/05

Calling all students! It’s time to send in your application to the Best student paper competition at ICR 2023

If you are an undergraduate or graduate student and your paper has been accepted to the 2023 IIR Congress, apply and you could win a cash prize of €500 and complimentary registration to Congress. Apply by June...

• Publication date : 2023/05/31
• Subjects: General information

The IIR launches the best student paper competition at ICR 2023

Open to students up to Master’s level (plus one year) from engineering schools, universities or any other comparable higher education institution, the submitted work may focus on any technical area covered by...

• Publication date : 2022/04/28
• Subjects: General information

Get ready! Send in your application to the Best student paper competition at ICR 2023

Open to students up to Master’s level (plus one year) from engineering schools, universities or any other comparable higher education institution, the submitted work may focus on any technical area covered by...

• Publication date : 2023/03/30

IJR Editorial: Solar energy, the energy of the future for refrigeration

Solar refrigeration should become a means of providing cleaner air conditioning and developing cold chains for food and health products where they are still deficient. We need to accompany this development while...

• Publication date : 2021/01/21

IIR Working Party on Refrigerant Charge Reduction in Refrigerating Systems: Join Us!

Suitable design of refrigerating systems has several benefits in terms of limitation of the environmental impact thanks to a reduction in the energy consumption and the limitation of refrigerant emissions. The direct greenhouse effect accounts for...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction