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Optimized on-off controller for energy saving in a household refrigerator.

• Author(s) : SAFFAR U. C. E., MAIA A. A. T.
• Publication date: 2016/07/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : On-off, Control (automatic), Household refrigerator, Optimization, Expérimentation, Energy saving
• Source: 2016 Purdue Conferences. 16th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Sizing strategy of on–off and modulating heat pump systems based on annual energy analysis.

• Author(s) : BAGARELLA G., LAZZARIN R., NORO M.
• Publication date: 2016/05
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Variable speed, On-off, Simulation, Heat pump, Energy efficiency, COP, Sizing
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 65
• Formats : PDF

Transient simulation of small-capacity reciprocating compressors for on-off controlled refrigerators.

• Author(s) : DINIZ M. C., HERMES C. J. L., DESCHAMPS C. J.
• Publication date: 2018/07/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R600a, Isobutane, On-off, Transient state, Household refrigerator, Simulation, Modelling, Heat exchanger, Reciprocating compressor
• Source: 2018 Purdue Conferences. 17^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Experimental investigation on Organic Rankine Cycle in off-design conditions.

• Author(s) : OH J., JEONG H., LEE H.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Effects of low suction temperature on the boil-off gas compressor.

• Author(s) : ZHAO B., DU B., PENG X., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 22nd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Transient simulation of small-capacity reciprocating compressors in on-off controlled refrigerators.

• Author(s) : DINIZ M. C., HERMES C. J. L., DESCHAMPS C. J.
• Publication date: 2019/06
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 102
• Formats : PDF

Approximate calculation of on-off vapor refrigeration cycle efficiency through pseudo-stationary models.

• Author(s) : MATSUDA V. A., FALCETTI E. P., TIBIRIÇÁ C. B., CABEZAS-GÓMEZ L.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 19^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental investigation on transcritical CO2 heat pump system with ejector in off-design conditions.

• Author(s) : WEI J., CHEN Q., TANG L., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Modeling of two-phase transcritical CO2 ejectors for on-design and off-design conditions.

• Author(s) : TASLIMI TALEGHANI S., SORIN M., PONCET S.
• Publication date: 2018/03
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 87
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Study on the performance of the boil-off gas twin-screw compressor based on the thermal-fluid-structure coupling method.

• Author(s) : ZHOU Y., GUO Y., WANG Y., DIAO A., PENG X.
• Publication date: 2024/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 163
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

A CFD study of adapting on-off cooling cycles in apple cold stores for energy saving.

• Author(s) : GRUITERS W., AMBAW A., SCHENK A., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/04/07
• Languages : English
• Source: 4^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Auckland, New Zealand, April 7-9, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Hydrogen re-liquefaction process for boil-off gas handling on a large-scale liquid hydrogen carrier.

• Author(s) : KIM D., TRAEDAL S., BERSTAD D., NEKSA P., YUM K. K.
• Publication date: 2023/04/25
• Languages : English
• Source: Cryogenics 2023. Proceedings of the 17^th IIR International Conference, Dresden, Germany, april 25-28 2023
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Quasi-steady-state simulation of the on-off behaviour of household refrigerators: a self-tuning approach.

• Author(s) : SANTOS G. Z., RONZONI A. F., HERMES C. J. L.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Optimal load shifting for multiple ON/OFF air conditioning units: how to avoid unnecessary peak for precooling?

• Author(s) : KIM D., BRAUN J. E.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 7^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Experimental performance assessment of a hermetic reciprocating compressor operating in a household refrigerator under on–off cycling conditions.

• Author(s) : DINIZ M. C., MELO C., DESCHAMPS C. J.
• Publication date: 2018/04
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 88
• Formats : PDF

A new organisation offers advice on low GWP solutions

Six refrigerant manufacturers regrouped to create GlobalFACT, a resource for information on the latest news, research and improvements in advanced technologies and low GWP refrigeration solutions.

• Publication date : 2018/10/18
• Subjects: Environment

LNG is expected to meet 24% of global bunker fuel supply by 2025

In a Lloyd’s Register report released in April 2014, it has been suggested that LNG will account for 13% of the global bunker fuel market by 2020, increasing to 24% in 2025.

• Publication date : 2014/05/14

Toshiba offers rugby tickets for R22 survey.

Toshiba conducts market research on R22 systems within the UK and Ireland.

• Publication date : 2015/02/02

Gender disparity in air-conditioned offices?

According to a recent article published in Nature Climate Change, standards were developed in the 1960’s and are based on the resting metabolic rates of a 40 year old man who weighs 70 kgs.

• Publication date : 2015/08/13
• Subjects: Regulation

Spain: Six-month prison sentence for offering HCFC refrigerant on Internet.

A former company owner in Spain has been sentenced to six months in prison after offering the HCFC refrigerant R22 for sale on the internet.

• Publication date : 2017/02/27

Inadequate office temperature may cost the UK economy 15,7bn € annually

A new survey suggests around 2% of office hours are wasted due to the temperature alone, potentially costing the UK economy an estimated €15,7bn annually.

• Publication date : 2014/04/23

The tax on HFCs officially adopted in France

French tax on HFCs, officially adopted on December 30, 2018, will enter into force in 2021. Companies can already get a 40% income tax discount if they use alternatives to HFCs.

• Publication date : 2019/01/31
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

The Montreal Protocol pays off

According to a recent UNEP report, the ozone layer is recovering. It could be restored to its initial state from 2040, except in Antarctica and the Arctic. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26
• Subjects: Environment

Innovative trigeneration system for off-grid homes and businesses

An innovative 'trigeneration' system fuelled entirely by raw plant oils could have great potential for isolated homes and businesses operating outside grid systems.

• Publication date : 2014/10/01

A semi-hermetic ammonia heat pump for heating and cooling an office complex

An innovative semi-hermetic ammonia heat pump for heating and cooling 40,000 m2 of apartments and business premises was recently installed in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

• Publication date : 2018/12/27

Is an ‘isochoric freezing’ revolution really in the offing?

Comparing isochoric freezing to classical isobaric freezing and new terminology proposal based on the conclusions of a group of IIR experts.

• Publication date : 2023/03/13
• Subjects: Technology

HCFC phase-out and HFC phase-down discussed by African Ozone Officers (en anglais)

At the end of March 2017, fifty National Ozone Officers met in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, to review challenges related to the phase-out of HCFCs and the phase-down of HFCs.

• Publication date : 2017/04/06
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives, Developing country

Bangladesh Kicks Off Green Cooling Initiative to Phase Out HFCs in Line with Montreal Protocol

Bangladesh initiates efforts towards green cooling solutions with a workshop addressing the transition from HFCs to eco-friendly refrigerants. 

• Publication date : 2024/08/01
• Subjects: Developing country

Utility offers NYC grocery stores incentives to use energy storage for refrigeration.

To better manage the energy demand on the grid during peak times of day, a handful of grocery stores produced ice over night.

• Publication date : 2017/02/13

Promotion of the AFFI 2005 Western Frozen Food Convention by a band of superheroes

The American Frozen Food Institute, the US national trade association representing all aspects of the frozen food industry supply chain, from manufacturers to distributors to suppliers to packagers, has turned to a band of superheroes to promote...

• Publication date : 2004/12/22

Hot off the press: Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems

Be the first to read the newly published IIR Handbook on Indirect Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems.

• Publication date : 2015/08/05

New EU funded project began on October 1st, 2021: “SophiA - Sustainable off-grid solutions for pharmacies and hospitals in Africa”

With a budget of 8 million euros over four years, SophiA will develop containerized solutions for hospitals using natural refrigerants, solar thermal and photovoltaics to enable more and more African people to...

• Publication date : 2021/10/21
• Subjects: Developing country, Technology, HFCs alternatives, Environment

Join our training course and officially become a new Ambassador for clean cooling and heating!

Experts and representatives from three sister projects in different regions of the world: ENOUGH in Europe, INDEE+ in India and ACES in Africa are arranging a free one-hour training course on clean cooling and...

• Publication date : 2023/06/30
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Environment

IIR actively involved in the French-speaking African edition of the Twinning Workshops for Montreal Protocol officers, energy policymakers and finance officials

Officials from 21 French-speaking African countries gathered in Tunis for the third Twinning Workshops, focusing on sustainable refrigeration and energy efficiency. Souhir Hammami and Marco Duran from the...

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: Environment

Donation to Prof. Banadda’s family and job opportunity for the SophiA project in Africa

Please find attached the press release concerning the donation campaign for the family of Prof. Noble Ephraim Banadda, who was one of the key promoters of SophiA, convincing experts in African ministries of health and various organisations to...

• Publication date : 2021/11/29

Press release : International Institute of Refrigeration launches new International Journal of Refrigeration online service

As of January 2017, not only will members of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) continue to receive the hard copy of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) but IIR membership will now also give members access to the...

• Publication date : 2017/01/11

The IIR is seeking an Information Officer

The IIR is seeking an Information Officer for its Scientific and Technical Information Department comprising 4 persons. The position is available immediately.

• Publication date : 2013/03/05

Conference overview: Sustainable Management of Refrigeration Technologies in Marine and Off-Shore Fisheries Sectors

In partnership with the UNEP, ASHRAE and UNIDO, the IIR organised a conference in Bangkok (Thailand) in April 2017 on the Sustainable Management of Refrigeration Technologies in the Marine Sector and Offshore Fisheries.

• Publication date : 2017/05/31

Member news: Koura offers an alternative refrigerant to R1234yf for mobile air conditioning 

 Koura offers a direct replacement solution for R1234yf in mobile air conditioning.  

• Publication date : 2023/12/20

Student Prizes on offer for best technical paper on sustainable cold chains at ICCC 2022

The organisers of the 7th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, the Institute of Refrigeration (UK), is delighted to announce the launch of a student...

• Publication date : 2021/11/03
• Subjects: Technology

A renewed board and ambition for the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF)

Gérald Cavalier, Director of Cemafroid, took over from Patrick Antoine as head of this century old association

• Publication date : 2013/11/13

News from IIR members: French association of Refrigeration (AFF)

Having identified the need for CO2 training, the French Association of Refrigeration (AFF), in cooperation with SNEFCCA, the French federation of refrigeration companies, held a technical meeting on CO2 refrigeration in Lyon on March 17, 2011....

• Publication date : 2011/05/25

Cold off the press: CO2 as a Refrigerant

The new IIR technical guide on the application of “CO2 as a Refrigerant" is now available from our online bookstore.

• Publication date : 2015/01/21

Clim'Eco: the IIR is a partner of this new program, which began this year in Réunion.

This program aims to promote a reasonable use and good maintenance of air conditioning in the French overseas departments.

• Publication date : 2020/10/22

Past events: CIAR in Portugal and REHVA triennal conférence

Focus on the  16th Ibero-American Congress on air conditioning and refrigeration (CIAR) and on the triennial conference of REHVA.

• Publication date : 2022/05/27

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics