Search results

Cryoablation for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors.

• Author(s) : YAMAKADO K., NAKATSUKA A., YAMANAKA T., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/09
• Languages : English
• Source: Low Temperature Medicine - vol. 40 - n. 3
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Process cooling CO2 chillers: field experience and performance-cost comparisons with other natural refrigerants and HFC/Os.

• Author(s) : PISANO G.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Effect of DMSO-free cryopreservation on MSCS osteogenesis in 3D porous scaffolds.

• Author(s) : ROGULSKA O., PETRENKO Y., LOZINSKY V., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/08
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Workshop on cold applications in life sciences.
• Formats : PDF

Improved percutaneous CT fluoroscopy-guided cryoablation technique for osteoid osteoma: a report of two cases.

• Author(s) : MIYAZAKI M., SAITO K., YANAGAWA T., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/03
• Languages : English
• Source: Low Temperature Medicine - vol. 41 - n. 2
• Formats : PDF

Analise numérica de um ciclo Rankine orgânico operando com os gases de exaustão de uma microturbina a gás.

Numerical analysis of an organic Rankine cycle using the exhaust gases of gas microturbine.

• Author(s) : SANTOS T. J. S. dos, HENRÍQUEZ J. R., LÍRA J. C. Junior de
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

Caracterização do parque nacional de refrigeração em setores de atividade para os quais o frio industrial é crítico.

Description of a national refrigeration park in the activity sectors for which industrial refrigeration is crucial.

• Author(s) : AFONSO C., PINTO H. M., PINTO J. P.
• Publication date: 2016/05/03
• Languages : Portuguese
• Source: CYTEF 2016. VIII Congreso Ibérico y VI Congreso Iberoamericano de las Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Coimbra-Portugal, 3-6 mayo, 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

The repetitive freeze-thaw-in vivo and in vitro subculture method (RFTIVIVSCM) to indefinitely preserve human bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymat stromal cells (MSCs) for regenerative medicine.

• Author(s) : SUMIDA S., KITAMURA T., MOTOMURA N., et al.
• Publication date: 2016/09/08
• Languages : English
• Source: 2^nd IIR Workshop on cold applications in life sciences.
• Formats : PDF

Evaluation of contact resistance and fin effectiveness of enhanced, brazed “dogbone” fin and serpentine tube heat exchangers for air conditioning and heat pump applications.

• Author(s) : BACELLAR D., LI S., MARTIN C., SHABTAY Y., BLACK J.
• Publication date: 2021/05
• Languages : English
• Source: 2021 Purdue Conferences. 18^th International Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Ferramenta computacional de dimensionamento e avaliação do desempenho térmico e eficiência energética de câmaras de frio.

Computational calculation tool for dimensioning and assessing the thermal performance and energy efficiency of cold rooms.

• Author(s) : MARQUES J., GASPAR P. D., DINHO SILVA da P.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : Portuguese
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Oil management solutions for manifolding scroll compressors for refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : DONG Y., ZHANG L., SUINDYKOV S., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/07/14
• Languages : English
• Source: 2014 Purdue Conferences. 22nd International Compressor Engineering Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Filtro de Kalman para a determinação do ar num espaço ocupado de modo intermitente e ventilado naturalmente.

Kalman filter for the determination of air exchange in a space occupied intermittently and naturally ventilated.

• Author(s) : DUARTE R., GOMES M. G., MORET RODRIGUES A.
• Publication date: 2018/06/19
• Languages : Portuguese
• Source: CYTEF 2018. IX Congreso Ibérico y VII Congreso Iberoamericano de Ciencias y Técnicas del Frío, Valencia, España, 19-21 junio 2018.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Artificial intelligence models for refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems.

• Author(s) : ADELEKAN D. S., OHUNAKIN O. S., PAUL B. S.
• Publication date: 2022/11
• Languages : English
• Source: Energy Reports - vol. 8
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Artificial neural network approach for irreversibility performance analysis of domestic refrigerator by utilizing LPG with TiO2–lubricant as replacement of R134a.

• Author(s) : GILL J., SINGH J., OHUNAKIN O. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/05
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 89
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Energetic and exergetic analysis of a domestic refrigerator system with LPG as a replacement for R134a refrigerant, using POE lubricant and mineral oil based TiO2-, SiO2- and Al2O3-lubricants.

• Author(s) : GILL J., SINGH J., OHUNAKIN O. S., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/07
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 91
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Performance of a hydrocarbon driven domestic refrigerator based on varying concentration of SiO2 nano-lubricant.

• Author(s) : OHUNAKIN O. S., ADELEKAN D. S., GILL J., et al.
• Publication date: 2018/10
• Languages : English
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 94
• Formats : PDF

Europe: the proposal to review the F-Gas Regulation has been published, and the proposal to ban PFAS has been delayed.

At the beginning of April, the European Commission published  a proposal to update the F-Gas Regulation . In addition, the proposed PFAS ban has been delayed for six months. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

Costco to pay USD 335,000 for R22 leaks

In a settlement announced in September 2014 by the US EPA and Department of Justice, Costco Wholesale Corporation, the second largest US retailer, will have to pay USD 335,000 in penalties and to improve refrigerant management at 274 stores.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19

India submits amendment proposal to the Montreal Protocol proposing a phase-down of HFCs

India had for years opposed a phase-down of HFCs under the Montreal Protocol. India's amendment calls for a 15-year “grace period” for developing countries.

• Publication date : 2015/04/22
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

CERN’s LHC on a hunt for Higgs boson

Two experiments led at CERN, ATLAS and CMS, attempt to discover data hinting at the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, a particle which is crucial to the Standard Model in physics.

• Publication date : 2012/03/09

Briefs: Permafrost - a glimpse of Alaska's History

In 1963, the Alkirk miner, an experimental tunnelling machine, was tested on the permanently frozen silt, sand and gravel of Hill 456, 10 miles north of Fairbanks, Alaska. The result was a man-made permafrost tunnel that runs 360 feet deep into...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

A microscopic Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) protocol designed at CEA-I²BM enables high-resolution visualization of amyloid plaques, associated with Alzheimer’s disease, 15-20 years before the first signs of dementia and memory loss appear.

• Publication date : 2012/11/28

Bunker under highly controlled-atmosphere to measure Earth’s rotation

Equipment with extremely stable laser requires perfect mastery of air pressure and temperature.

• Publication date : 2012/08/30

The hidden cold chain behind Valentine’s Day roses

The average journey of a Valentine’s rose, from harvesting in South America to the point of sale in the US, is 10-12 days during which the role of refrigeration is essential.

• Publication date : 2019/02/28

China's proposal to phase down HFCs

The Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment has presented a plan to phase down HFCs in line with the requirements of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. The country has not yet ratified...

• Publication date : 2020/06/26
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

Optimizing frost-free refrigerators

A team from the Federal University of Paraná and the Federal University of Technology – Paraná in Brazil has modelled and optimized a frost-free refrigerator aimed at both cost and energy savings.

• Publication date : 2013/06/21

Briefs: Crossword

Test your knowledge of ozone depletion: the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has a crossword you can try on line or print out and fill in.

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

Appointments: Grundfos

Carsten Bjerg is now CEO and Group President of Grundfos. The Danish group has 15 000 employees, sells its products via sales companies in 41 countries and had a turnover of € 2 billion in 2006.

• Publication date : 2007/05/04

Briefs: Danfoss

Niels B. Christiansen has been promoted to Vice Chief Executive Officer of the Danfoss Group. Frederik Lotz has been appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. The President (CEO), Jørgen M. Clausen, intends to strengthen his...

• Publication date : 2007/02/12

Briefs: Danfoss

Danfoss has won the 2004 AHR Expo Innovation Award in the refrigeration category for its TN hermetic compressor for CO2. The Innovation Awards, jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and ARI, are designed to encourage innovation and recognise significant...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

World’s largest reefer ship to boost fruits exports

Exports of New Zealand kiwifruit and South African citrus fruits to Europe have been boosted by the commissioning of the world's largest reefer vessel.

• Publication date : 2021/07/05
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Developing country, General information

Member news : Danfoss launches thermostatic expansion valve for CO2

Danfoss has recently launched a thermostatic expansion valve for CO2, based on its TE2 valve. It is suitable for small to medium size remote refrigeration systems such as cold rooms and display...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

The Mostra Convegno exhibition

In March 2018 the IIR participated in one of the biggest exhibitions on refrigeration technologies, Mostra Convegno, which took place, as always, in Milan.

• Publication date : 2018/04/19

Discover the new composition of the IIR's committees

During the statutory meetings that preceded the International Congress of Refrigeration, important announcements were made concerning the new structure of the IIR's various committees. These changes result from...

• Publication date : 2023/09/04

Yokohama e yokoso !

From 16 to 22 August 2015, the IIR International Congress of Refrigeration (ICR), recognised internationally as a milestone refrigeration event, will bring together key refrigeration stakeholders from across the globe at the Pacifico Yokohama...

• Publication date : 2015/08/18

Conference: Oslo

The First International Conference on Small Scale LNG in Europe, an IIR-co-sponsored event held in Oslo on September 29-30, 2005, attracted 121 experts from 18 countries. Twenty PowerPoint presentations were given. Unlike the widely used methods...

• Publication date : 2006/05/05

International events: Moscow

The First International Scientific Conference on Industrial Gases was held at Bauman Moscow State Technical University (MMSTU) in Moscow on March 11, 2009, under the auspices of the IIR. It marked the 100th anniversary of the First Congress of...

• Publication date : 2009/05/18

International events: Moscow

The 6th Cryogen-Expo took place in Moscow on November 13-16, 2007. Fifty-nine exhibitors from 10 countries took part, and a conference on Cryogenic Technologies and Equipment and Prospects of Development was staged on November 14-15. The IIR ran a...

• Publication date : 2008/02/12

Obituary: José Miguel Corberán

The IIR is deeply saddened to learn of the passing of José Miguel Corberán Salvador, former President of Commission B2, at the age of 65.

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

ATMOsphere Europe Summit 2021 to Address EU’s Phase Down of Super-Polluting Refrigerants

The replacement of HFCs with natural refrigerants is among the topics at the online event on September 28-29.

• Publication date : 2021/09/01

Obituary: Per-Oskar Persson

The former Managing Director of Frigoscandia AB, Per-Oskar Persson of Helsingborg, Sweden passed away on August 26, 2008, at the age of 84. He was an Honorary Member of IIR, President of Commission D1, 1971 - 1979, and Head of Section D 1979 -...

• Publication date : 2008/09/29

IIR member news: Danfoss

Overview of the key global trends in refrigerants in Danfoss new report.

• Publication date : 2014/11/21
• Subjects: Environment

Upcoming IIR events: Portorosz

The 2nd IIR International Conference on Magnetic Refrigeration at Room Temperature will take place on April 11- 13, 2007 in Portorosz, Slovenia and follows a very successful initial event held in Montreux, Switzerland in September 2005. Find out...

• Publication date : 2006/07/26

Conference reports: ATMOsphere 2010

The IIR-co-sponsored Conference ATMOsphere 2010 took place in Brussels on September 27-28, 2010. 170 persons from 30 countries attended. Speakers, from the industry or public organizations, particularly European ones, expressed their desire to...

• Publication date : 2011/02/07

Event report: COST meeting

The European COST Action 871 “Cryopreservation of crop species in Europe” held its latest meeting in Angers, France, on February 8-11, 2011. The seminar presented the results of the research of teams all over Europe and was an occasion to promote...

• Publication date : 2011/05/19

Member news: Latest news from Danfoss

Danfoss is improving its range of electric expansion valves and has started construction of an energy-efficient supermarket. 

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables

Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...

• Last update : 2023/01/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Fruit, Vegetables

For IIR members only

Global cold storage capacity

This table presents the cold storage capacity in about 50 countries, based on data from the Global Cold Chain Alliance (GCCA).

• Last update : 2021/12/06
• Langues : English
• Themes : Refrigerated storage: economics and statistics

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Nanorefrigerants

Nanorefrigerants are created by adding nanoparticles in suspension to a base refrigerant. They have a thermal conductivity that is 15% to 104% higher than that of the corresponding...

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Nanofluids

Thermophysical properties of HFC refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 100 HFC refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : HFCs, Blends, HFO et HCFO

Thermophysical properties of hydrocarbon refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 20 hydrocarbon refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Blends

Thermophysical properties of HFO refrigerants

Thermophysical properties of over 50 HFO refrigerants, including single-component and blends.

• Last update : 2022/06/17
• Langues : English
• Themes : Blends, HFO et HCFO

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs