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IIR document
Cryopreservation of garlic basal plate.
Modeling spatial and temporal frost formation with distributed properties on a flat plate using the orthogonal collocation method.
Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a flat plate manifold microchannel heat exchanger in counter flow configuration.
Steady state mathematical model for a cryogenic loop heat pipe with coherent porous silicon (CPS) wick in the flat plate evaporator.
Effect of end plates on heat transfer of plate heat exchanger.
Experimental study on flow boiling of R410A and R32 in brazed plate evaporators with different number of plates.
Theoretical analysis of the end-plate effect on heat transfer in brazed plate heat exchangers.
Available online design and simulation of multistream plate-fin heat exchangers. Single-phase streams.
Operational test of bonded magnetocaloric plates.
Recommended by the IIR / IIR document
Predictions on frost growth over a flat plate using surface characteristics: Machine learning methods.
Thermal-hydraulic characteristics of plate-fin heat exchangers with corrugated/vortex-generator plate-fin (CVGPF).
Caracterización de un recuperador entálpico de placas de flujo cruzado.
Characterisation of a cross-flow plate enthalpy recuperator.
Le choix et la bonne utilisation des plaques eutectiques.
Selection and proper use of eutectic plates.
Plate heat exchanger used as evaporators.
Flow visualization of ammonia inside a gasketed plate heat exchanger condenser.
Refrigeration sector monitoring
267 results
Ultrasounds and metal plates: Innovative solutions for beef freezing and preservation
Ultrasound- and metal plate-assisted freezing techniques have recently been tested on beef and have outperformed conventional freezing in several key quality parameters.
China receives 265 million USD from the Multilateral Fund to reduce HCFC use
During its 64th meeting in Montreal, Canada, from July 25 to 29, 2011, the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund (MLF) – a financial body established to help developing countries meet their Montreal Protocol commitments – has assessed...
Compressors2013 highlights: technical advancements related to refrigeration compressors
During the successful IIR International Conference on Compressors and Coolants held in Casta Papiernicka in June 2013, several papers were dedicated to technological advancements related to refrigeration compressors.
With increased access, sustainable cooling can prevent up to 80% of heat-related deaths
Amidst rising temperatures due to climate change, adaptation through sustainable air conditioning reduced the burden of heat related mortality among the most vulnerable age groups...
Europe 2025 heatwaves: demand for AC surges as heat-related deaths triple
Recent analyses from the World Meteorological Organization, the World Resources Institute and the Imperial College London take stock of this summer’s heatwaves in Europe.
Challenges related to the adoption of air conditioning in emerging economies by 2040
The authors of a recent article modelled the adoption of air conditioning by 2040 in four emerging economies: Brazil, India, Indonesia, and Mexico. The adoption of AC could increase between two- to sixteen-fold,...
UK younger shoppers neglect their freezers
Freezers across the UK are ‘neglected’, ‘under-used’ and ‘under-appreciated’, with younger shoppers dubbing them ‘graveyards’ for food that is soon to go off, according to the latest consumer research from IGD ShopperVista.
Stock and sales of refrigerators and freezers
A few figures on the stock and sales of refrigerators and freezers in Australia, New Zealand, and France.
Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing industry in the US
Industry’s revenue for the year 2012 was reported at USD 3.5 billion, with an estimated gross profit of 31.47%.
China household refrigerator & freezer market.
The market size exceeded USD 32.7 billion in 2012, a growth of over 15% on a year-on-year basis.
The biomedical refrigerators and freezers market
The biomedical refrigerators and freezers market was valued at USD 2.63 billion in 2013.
Household refrigerator and home freezer manufacturing in the US
The industry's revenue for the year 2012 reported at USD 3.5 billion, with 31.47% in estimated gross profit.
Update about mandatory energy labelling for professional refrigirators and freezers in the European Union
Professional refrigerated equipments sold since July 2016 must now be rated from A to G for energy efficiency.
Low-GWP alternatives in refrigerated transport
An EPA fact sheet provides full details on alternatives to HFCs: R744, R717, hydrocarbons and HFOs, and describes alternative technologies: cryogenic systems, secondary loop systems, eutectic plates, hermetic and semi-hermetic vapour-compression...
Reducing the economic costs of a direct-use geothermal heating system
Italian researchers have modelled a polymer heat exchanger to reduce the cost of a direct-use geothermal heating system for a single building in the active volcano district of the...
IIR news
122 results
Discover BETTED’s new e-learning platform
The e-learning platform developed by the BETTED Team is now available and ready for use. It is dedicated to interested professionals from both participating and non-participating countries, as well as those...
International Network for Women in Cooling Launches Online Platform to Connect Women Professionals Around the Globe
Paris, 11 May 2023 — Today, the International Network for Women in Cooling (INWIC) officially launched its web service, available at
SophiA project: HKA Lab test progress
SophiA HKA (Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences) Lab test is intended to provide a better understanding of the cooling system in in different climate zones.
IIR Research Priorities
The IIR decided, within the framework of its Strategic Plan, to draw up a list of research priorities for the future. It hopes that these priorities will be a valuable guiding force for decision-makers in the public and private research sectors,...
TPTPR2025 – the IIR’s conference on refrigerant research: Conference highlights and proceedings now available on FRIDOC
The 7th IIR Conference on Thermophysical Properties and Transfer Processes of Refrigerants (TPTPR2025) convened leading researchers to present the latest findings on low-GWP refrigerants and advanced...
IIR Committee meetings
- The Management Committee (MC) of the IIR, chaired by H. van der Ree, met at the head office of the IIR on November 6, 2004. The MC held a large strategic debate on the future, the position of the IIR and communication to be developed,...
IIR member news: Carrier Transicold
Carrier Transicold, major transport refrigeration company, will offer R452A as an optional alternative to R404A.
Recap of the ENOUGH webinar: Innovative freezing technologies for a more sustainable food chain
On May 22, science and industry experts took part in the ENOUGH Webinar on recent advances in food freezing, exploring various ways to enhance sustainability in thermal processes.
Highlights: 10th IIR Conference on Compressors and Refrigerants
Catch up on the best moments of the IIR Conference on Compressors 2021, which took place online on January 13, 2021: A key meeting place for specialists in compressor technology!
The IIR supports operational and economic missions in Madagascar
IIR interventions and recommendations will focus on the mission’s aspects which are related to the food cold chain, including offshore fishery and continental aquaculture among others.
ICR2015: A stimulating environment for dynamic exchanges
With a focus on improving standards and the quality of life of many worldwide, as well as emphasising the importance of preserving the earth through the advancement of refrigeration applications and technology, ICR2015 is expected to attract a...
New IIR logo and website: Take a look!
The IIR is pleased to announce the launch of its new brand identity and website.
ICR2015 : The 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration
16 - 22 August 2015, the 24th ICR takes place in Yokohama, Japan!
REAL Alternatives: blended Learning for Alternative Refrigerants
Last week the REAL Alternatives Europe programme partners met at IIR head offices to elaborate plans to translate the e-learning project into more languages.
Publish your thesis in FRIDOC today!
The FRIDOC database: your gateway to increased visibility in the field of refrigeration.
Encyclopedia of Refrigeration
10 results
Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants
Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...
Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling
In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...
Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers
In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...
Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry
The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...
Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data
From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...
Environmental impact of the ice cream industry
This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.
Hydrocarbon refrigerants
Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...
Cold storage conditions for fruits and vegetables
Practical recommendations for the cold storage of over 200 cultivars of fruits, vegetables and herbs (storage temperatures, relative humidity, storage time, controlled atmosphere...
Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement
Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...
Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...
Events
2 results
IIR event
11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting
June 07, 2026 - June 11, 2026
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Submit your abstract now! The 11th IIR Conference on Solid-State Cooling, Heating and Energy Harvesting (Thermag 2026), to be...
Find out more
Other event
15th IEA Heat Pump Conference
May 26, 2026 - May 29, 2026
Vienna, Austria
Join the 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, which will take place in Vienna, Austria,from May 26-29, 2026! The 15th IEA Heat Pump Conference, co-sponsored by IIR,...
