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The emission gap report 2017.

• Author(s) : ONU Environnement (ex-PNUE)
• Publication date: 2017/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Global warming, CO2 emission, Greenhouse effect
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Emission testing of a transport refrigeration unit.

• Author(s) : LAWTON R., MYNOTT T., MARSHALL N., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerated truck, Oxide, Nitrogen, Measurement, Temperature, Testing, Environment, Emission, Ambient condition, Diesel
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Qatar's National Emission Inventory Report 2019.

• Author(s) : SAYEED M.
• Publication date: 2021/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CO2 emission, Energy, Qatar, Natural gas, Manufacture, Transport, Energy consumption, LNG, Electricity, Calculation

A Review on Carbon Emissions of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete as a Building Construction Material.

• Author(s) : AQIB S. M., MA Z. J.
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Concrete, Building, Fibre, Performance, CO2 emission
• Source: 2022 Purdue Conferences. 7^th International High Performance Buildings Conference at Purdue.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Emissions Gap Report 2021.

• Author(s) : UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
• Publication date: 2021/10
• Languages : English, French
• Keywords : Greenhouse effect, CO2 emission, Methane, Climate change, Market, COVID-19, World, Global warming, Regulations
• Formats : PDF

Emissions Gap Report 2020.

• Author(s) : UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
• Publication date: 2020/12
• Languages : French, English
• Keywords : Global warming, CO2 emission, Greenhouse effect, Economy, Transport, Regulations, Statistics, World, European Union, USA
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

Comprehensive analysis of refrigerant R134a: Implications for estimating and managing greenhouse gas emissions.

• Author(s) : KIM S. W., PARK M., TRISNA B. A., LEE J.
• Publication date: 2024/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : R134a, CO2 emission, Recycling, Impurity, Greenhouse effect, Calculation
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 158
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Emissions Gap Report 2022.

• Author(s) : UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
• Publication date: 2022
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Greenhouse effect, CO2 emission, World, Global warming, Climate change, Regulations, Food industry, Food loss, Economy
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Grey-box fault models and applications for low carbon emission CO2 refrigeration system.

• Author(s) : LI Y., SUN J., FRICKE B., IM P., KURUGANTI T.
• Publication date: 2022/09
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CO2, R744, Transcritical cycle, CO2 emission, Supermarket, Modelling, Default
• Source: International Journal of Refrigeration - Revue Internationale du Froid - vol. 141
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Considerations for emissions test methodology for diesel-engine driven transport refrigeration systems.

• Author(s) : LAWTON R., RHODES C., MYNOTT T.
• Publication date: 2020/08/26
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Transport vehicle, Road transport, Refrigerated transport, Testing, Regulations, Standardization, CO2 emission
• Source: 6^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Nantes, France, August 26-28 2020
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Mapping Greenhouse Gas emissions from the food supply chains in France.

• Author(s) : TRAORE A., LAGUERRE O., ALLOUCHE Y., DELAHAYE A.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Food industry, CO2 emission, Cold chain, France, Import, Export, Meat, Agricultural application, ENOUGH
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Analysis of carbon emission energy inventory from refrigerant production and recycling carbon compensation

• Author(s) : WANG H., WANG Y., MI H., ZANG J., WANG S.
• Publication date: 2022/01
• Languages : English
• Keywords : China, HFC, R134a, TEWI, LCCP, CO2 emission, Refrigerant, Recycling, Recovery, Purification, Regeneration, GWP, Calculation, Emission factor, Survey
• Source: Applied Sciences - 12 - 1
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Global emissions trends and G20 status and outlook

• Author(s) : KURAMOCHI T., ELZEN M. den, PETERS G. P.
• Publication date: 2020/12
• Languages : English
• Keywords : CO2 emission, Greenhouse effect, F-gas (fluorinated gas), China, United Kingdom, European Union, USA, India, Japan, Russia, Statistics
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Baseline refrigeration emissions in the UK.

• Author(s) : FOSTER A., BROWN T., EVANS J.
• Publication date: 2022/04/11
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy consumption, Leakage, CO2 emission, United Kingdom, Cold chain, Refrigerated transport, Retail trade, Cold storage, Household refrigerator, Refrigerant, Food industry, Agriculture, Fishing
• Source: 7^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain Online. Proceedings: April 11-13 2022
• Formats : PDF, Autre

Recommended by the IIR

Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report:Benefits of cooling efficiency and the Kigali Amendment.

• Author(s) : ONU Environnement (ex-PNUE), IEA
• Publication date: 2020
• Languages : English
• Keywords : HFC, CO2 emission, Global warming, Greenhouse effect, Energy efficiency, Refrigeration, Statistics
• Formats : PDF

Japan: snow cooling created greater CO2 emissions

An experiment to ship snow from the north of Japan to help reduce the air conditioning load in Tokyo has created CO2 emissions three times greater than the emissions reduction achieved.

• Publication date : 2014/02/06

GHG emissions in international marine shipping.

GHG emissions from international shipping increased by 9.6% between 2012 and 2018, according to the Fourth Greenhouse Gas Study published in 2020 by the International Maritime Organization. HFC and HCFC...

• Publication date : 2021/06/29
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Environment

Unreported HFC-23 emissions

A report published in Geophysical Research Letters says that Western Europe's emissions of HFC-23 are around twice as high as the officially reported level within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol.

• Publication date : 2011/12/15

Reducing emissions from China’s refrigeration sector

According to a recent report by the Economist Intelligence Unit, China is responsible for about one third of global emissions from refrigeration. The report presents scenarios for...

• Publication date : 2021/09/07
• Subjects: Figures, economy, Regulation, Environment

HFC emissions data

By using atmospheric measurements, the authors of a recent study published in the PNAS have found that the total CO2-equivalent emissions of the five most common HFCs increased from 198 (175–221) Tg-CO2-eq·y–1 in 2007 to 275 (246–304)...

• Publication date : 2015/08/05
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Figures, economy

HFCs: projected emissions

Two recent studies on projected emissions of HFCs have been published: - US: according to the June 2010 US Climate Action report under the UNFCCC, from 2005 through 2020, total US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are projected to rise by 4% under a...

• Publication date : 2011/02/04

Europe: GHG emissions

Starting in 2005, the European Union is to introduce a greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions trading scheme imposing a cap on carbon-dioxide emissions from 15 000 installations across Europe. In the UK, the scheme will cover 46% of total emissions and...

• Publication date : 2004/04/28

France: refrigerant demand and emissions data

According to the Refrigerant Emissions Inventory – Year 2010 published by Mines ParisTech/Armines/ERIE at the request of French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), total refrigerant demand was 10 224 tonnes in 2010, including 80%...

• Publication date : 2012/07/24
• Subjects: Figures, economy

European HFC emissions decreased in 2015

The European Environment Agency (EEA) published data indicating that European HFC emissions had decreased in 2015.

• Publication date : 2017/07/03
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Figures, economy

Fluorinated gas emissions in Europe

The European Environment Agency (EEA) recently published its annual report on fluorinated greenhouse gases.

• Publication date : 2018/03/05
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives, Figures, economy

Zero emissions in the desert

Eckhard Gerber, a German architect, is to build office towers in Riyadh, Dubai and Bahrain that produce all their own energy. The zero emissions office building has arrived! The 68-storey state-of-the-art 322-m Burj al-Taqa ("Energy Tower") in...

• Publication date : 2007/11/20

Direct CO2 emissions generated by the refrigeration sector in Chile

As part of its national inventory submitted to the UNFCCC, Chile reported greenhouse gas emission values for the refrigeration and air conditioning sector.

• Publication date : 2021/08/16
• Subjects: Developing country, Figures, economy, Environment

Recycling could significantly cut down emissions from HFC production

A team of researchers estimated that with 30% of recycled refrigerants in the annual output, CO2 emissions from the production of R134a could be reduced by about a...

• Publication date : 2022/02/28
• Subjects: Environment

France: refrigerant demand and emissions data

According to the Refrigerant Emissions Inventory – Year 2010 recently published by Mines ParisTech/Armines/ERIE at the request of French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME), total refrigerant demand was 10 224 tonnes in 2010,...

• Publication date : 2012/06/01
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Greenhouse gas emissions in the USA

During the 2005-2012 period, US greenhouse gas emissions dropped by 10.0% while HFCs rose by 26.2%.

• Publication date : 2014/08/28

News from the IIR WP on Mitigation of Emissions

Consult here the minutes of the first meeting of the IIR Working Party on Mitigation of Direct Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Refrigeration chaired by Per Lundqvist.

• Publication date : 2010/12/02

IIR Working Party Mitigation of Direct Emissions of GHGs

The second meeting of the IIR Working Party Mitigation of Direct Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in Refrigeration (WP_MRE) will take place at the International Institute of Refrigeration, 177, Boulevard Malesherbes, 75017 Paris, on February 9, 2011,...

• Publication date : 2010/12/23

Continued IIR commitment to reduce refrigerant emissions

This week at UNESCO headquarter in Paris, the IIR is attending the Joint 10th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the 26th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2014/11/19
• Subjects: Regulation, HFCs alternatives

IIR member news: EPEE sets up low emissions task force

The European Partnership for Energy and the Environment (EPEE) says it will set up a low emissions task force to support Europe’s F-gas regulation.

• Publication date : 2014/10/31
• Subjects: Regulation, Environment

The “Carbon reduction opportunities for the food chain” workshop at ICCC 2022

The workshop was focused on the solutions brought by the EU project ENOUGH to reduce emissions from the food sector as set by the EU farm to fork strategy. A panel discussion was also held during the event...

• Publication date : 2022/04/29

ICR2015 Abstract submission deadline extended!

ICR2015 is gearing up to be more successful than ever with over 880 abstracts already submitted!

• Publication date : 2014/11/04

Abstract submissions open for the IIR Cold Chain Conference 2020

Submit your abstracts online today for the next International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain

• Publication date : 2019/09/19

Join the ENOUGH project webinar!

Funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, the ENOUGH project aims to address and reduce emissions from the food sector. Join the project webinar on December 1.

• Publication date : 2022/11/24
• Subjects: Technology, Environment

Discover the 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change”

The 35th IIR Informatory Note on “The Impact of the Refrigeration Sector on Climate Change” reviews existing data to estimate past greenhouse gas emissions generated by refrigeration systems and make projections for the future.

• Publication date : 2017/12/05

European Food Survey to decarbonise industrial operations

The ENOUGH project invites European food operators to complete a short survey on the advancements and potential for achieving the net-zero emissions target. 

• Publication date : 2023/01/26

New IIR Informatory Note on automotive air conditioning

The latest IIR Informatory Note presents recent technological trends in automotive air conditioning, in particular for electric cars, and outlines the challenges in terms of energy efficiency and CO2...

• Publication date : 2022/10/27

IIR member news: Carrier Transicold

Quest II: container refrigeration with 65% less CO2 emission.

• Publication date : 2013/09/16

Activities of the IIR’s Commission D2 on Refrigerated Transport

The role of the IIR is well recognized worldwide, and in particular the expertise of the members of Commission D2 makes an important contribution to refrigerated transport issues: avoiding the wastage of food and the minimizing of emissions.

• Publication date : 2013/07/01

New IIR Informatory Note on non-uniform environment

A non-uniform indoor environment can reconcile the demand for a healthy and comfortable environment and the objective of low carbon emissions. 

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

ENOUGH – a new project that will identify how food industry can become net zero by 2050

The project will develop technologies, tools and methods to contribute to the EU’s farm to fork Strategy to achieve climate neutrality in the food industry.

• Publication date : 2021/10/29

Global HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector

This table shows HFC emissions from the refrigeration sector – including air conditioning – in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent for about 40 countries that are signatories...

• Last update : 2022/01/20
• Langues : English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

For IIR members only

Heat pump stock in Europe

This table presents the stock of installed heat pumps, the CO2 emissions avoided and the number of jobs in the heat pump sector in Europe.

• Last update : 2021/12/14
• Langues : English
• Themes : Heat pumps, energy recovery: economics and statistics

Environmental impact of the ice cream industry

This summary document describes the environmental impact of ice cream manufacturing, which is mainly due to the energy consumption and refrigerants used.

• Last update : 2022/11/17
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : General information on environment (climate change, ozone depletion…)

Ice cream manufacturing, environmental impact and market data

From a physico-chemical point of view, ice cream is a complex, frozen multiphase mixture. The manufacturing process includes several stages of freezing which are described in this...

• Last update : 2023/06/30
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Ice creams

Liquefied Natural Gas: production process and cold energy recovery

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas that has been cooled to about -160 °C and turned into a liquid to facilitate transportation and storage. A typical LNG supply chain...

• Last update : 2023/06/23
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : LNG and LPG

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction

Global warming potential (GWP) of HFC refrigerants

Using the latest updated data from UNEP’s RTOC 2022 report, we have compiled the 100-year GWP and 20-year GWP values of hydrofluorocarbon-based (HFC) refrigerants. Our table includes...

• Last update : 2023/09/15
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : HFCs

Cryogenics in the pharmaceutical industry: drug design and bioavailability improvement

Research activities in the pharmaceutical sector focus primarily on developing novel drug formulations which can elicit the desired response upon being administered to the patient...

• Last update : 2023/03/10
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Freeze-drying in biology and medicine, Cryobiology, cryomedicine: general information

Additive manufacturing of heat exchangers

In the refrigeration industry, additive manufacturing (colloquially referred to as “3D printing”) makes it possible to fabricate novel, complex and potentially more energy efficient...

• Last update : 2022/09/07
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Evaporators, condensers and other heat exchangers

Additive manufacturing of regenerators for caloric cooling

In many areas of engineering, additive manufacturing allows the production of complex and multifunctional products that could not be manufactured using traditional methods. In the...

• Last update : 2022/09/16
• Langues : French, English
• Themes : Caloric cooling (magnetocaloric, electrocaloric, elastocaloric and barocaloric cooling)